Found 14053 items
17 December, 2012 by Philip Trathan
Food web knowledge is a prerequisite for adequate resource management in the Antarctic ecosystem. Accurate dietary specifications for the major consumers within the Antarctic ecosystem are needed. Procellariid species are…17 December, 2012 by Andrew Clarke
The metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) predicts the effects of body size and temperature on metabolism through considerations of vascular distribution networks and biochemical kinetics. MTE has also been extended…17 December, 2012 by Emily Shuckburgh
The ocean plays an essential role in determining aspects of the climate through its influence on coupled processes involving the atmosphere, cyrosphere and biogeochemistry, including budgets of heat and carbon…15 December, 2012 by Gareth Marshall
Observations of extratropical Southern Hemisphere austral summer precipitation over recent decades show mid-latitude drying and high-latitude moistening. Here we show that the observed precipitation trends in two datasets are inconsistent…Read more on Human influence on extratropical Southern Hemisphere precipitation
13 December, 2012 by Andrew Wood
To examine the general population trends of large whales in South Georgia waters, 2 opportunistic data sets of sightings of large whales from 1991 to 2010 around South Georgia were…12 December, 2012 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
The stability of marine ice sheets grounded on beds that slope upwards in the overall direction of flow is investigated numerically in two horizontal dimensions. We give examples of stable…Read more on The stability of grounding lines on retrograde slopes
1 December, 2012 by Andrew Tait, Keith Makinson
The exploration of Subglacial Lake Ellsworth is a high profile project funded by the Natural Environment Research Council. Clean access to the lake will be provided by a hot-water drilling…1 December, 2012 by Deb Shoosmith, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Robert Larter
Submarine gullies are the most common morphological features observed on Antarctic continental slopes. The processes forming these gullies, however, remain poorly constrained. In some areas, gully heads incise the continental…1 December, 2012 by Andrew Meijers, Emily Shuckburgh, Jean-Baptiste Sallee, Thomas Bracegirdle
The representation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in the fifth Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is generally improved over CMIP3. The range of modeled transports in the historical (1976–2006)…1 December, 2012 by Emma Woodfield, Richard Horne
In this paper we compare and contrast chorus, electron cyclotron harmonics (ECH), and Z mode emissions observed at Jupiter and Saturn and relate them to recent work on electron acceleration…27 November, 2012 by Howard Roscoe
Iodine compounds were measured above, below and within the sea ice of the Weddell Sea during a cruise in 2009, to make progress in elucidating the mechanism of local enhancement…Read more on Iodine emissions from the sea ice of the Weddell Sea
22 November, 2012 by Eric Wolff, Liz Thomas
We present an automated process for determining the annual layer chronology of an ice-core with a strong annual signal, utilising the hydrogen peroxide record from an Antarctic Peninsula ice-core as…Read more on Automated ice-core layer-counting with strong univariate signals
2 November, 2012 by Emma Woodfield
Long-term changes in the magnetic environment of the Earth are of interest to those studying climate change. To this end we examine long-term changes in daily variation as derived from…Read more on Long-term trends in geomagnetic daily variation
24 October, 2012 by Mark Clilverd
The Earth's magnetic field varies over many time scales. Whilst the slow secular variation of the strength and direction of the field over years to centuries is governed by processes…Read more on Geomagnetic and Solar Variability and Natural Climate Change
18 October, 2012 by David Vaughan
A high resolution surface topography Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is required to underpin studies of the complex glacier system on the Antarctic Peninsula. A complete DEM with better than 200m…16 October, 2012 by Emily Venables, Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
Hot-water drilled access holes were used to obtain oceanographic data from beneath two sites on Larsen C Ice Shelf, one in the north and one in the south. At both…Read more on Ocean circulation beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica from in situ observations
1 October, 2012 by Andrew Orr, Scott Hosking, Thomas Bracegirdle, Tony Phillips
The authors report a hypothesis for the dynamical mechanisms responsible for the strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere circumpolar winds from the lower stratosphere to the surface due to the ozone…1 October, 2012 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
Gyroresonant wave particle interactions with whistler mode chorus play a fundamental role in the dynamics of the Earth’s radiation belts and inner magnetosphere, affecting both the acceleration and loss of…Read more on Global model of lower band and upper band chorus from multiple satellite observations
1 October, 2012 by Mark Clilverd
Observed phases and amplitudes of VLF radio signals propagating on (near) tropical all-sea paths, both short, ∼300 km, and long, ∼10 Mm, are used to find daytime parameter changes for…Read more on Tropical daytime lower D-region dependence on sunspot number
24 September, 2012 by Eric Wolff
Differences in the duration of interglacials have long been apparent in palaeoclimate records of the Late and Middle Pleistocene. However, a systematic evaluation of such differences has been hampered by…Read more on Can we predict the duration of an interglacial?
15 September, 2012
Although metaphorical and conceptual connections between the human brain and the financial markets have often been drawn, rigorous physical or mathematical underpinnings of this analogy remain largely unexplored. Here, we…Read more on Topological isomorphisms of human brain and financial market networks
1 September, 2012 by Catharine Horswill, Jennifer Jackson
Here we present the first documentation of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Pitcairn Island region. Land-based surveys were conducted from Pitcairn Island from June 2007 to August 2007 in…Read more on Humpback whales wintering at Pitcairn Island, South Pacific
1 September, 2012 by Jaume Forcada, Melody Clark
Although single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are increasingly being recognized as powerful molecular markers, their application to non-model organisms can bring significant challenges. Among these are imperfect conversion rates of assays…1 September, 2012 by Dominic Hodgson, Peter Convey
Signy Island, maritime Antarctic, lies within the region of the Southern Hemisphere that is currently experiencing the most rapid rates of environmental change. In this study, peat cores up to…1 September, 2012 by Adrian Jenkins, David Vaughan, Hilmar Gudmundsson, Hugh Corr, Pierre Dutrieux
A dense grid of ice-penetrating radar sections acquired over Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica has revealed a network of sinuous subglacial channels, typically 500 m to 3 km wide, and…1 September, 2012 by Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
To capture the austral summer to winter transition in water mass properties over the southern Weddell Sea continental shelf and slope region, 19 Weddell seals were tagged with miniaturized conductivity–temperature–depth…1 September, 2012 by Emily Shuckburgh
Ideas from dynamical systems theory have been used in an observational field campaign in the Southern Ocean to provide information on the mixing structure of the flow. Instantaneous snapshops of…Read more on Mapping unstable manifolds using drifters/floats in a Southern Ocean field campaign
25 August, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, Terri Souster, Hugh Venables, Michael Meredith, Terri Souster
Climate change and human activities are expected to have a major impact on the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems and the biogeochemical cycles they mediate in the coming years.…9 August, 2012 by Eric Wolff
The most powerful explosions on the Sun – in the form of bright flares, intense storms of solar energetic particles (SEPs), and fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) – drive the…4 August, 2012 by Emilie Capron
The orbital-scale transition from the last interglacial to glacial climate corresponds to the progressive organization of global millennial-scale climate variability. Here, we investigate the structure and the global fingerprint of…1 August, 2012 by Andrew Meijers
Knowledge of habitat use by top marine predators in response to environmental conditions is crucial in the current context of global changes occurring in the Southern Ocean. We examined the…1 August, 2012 by Rosie Williams
Despite a central role in immunity, antibody neutralization of virus infection is poorly understood. Here we show how the neutralization and persistence of adenovirus type 5, a prevalent nonenveloped human…Read more on Regulation of Virus Neutralization and the Persistent Fraction by TRIM21
1 August, 2012 by Mervyn Freeman
During geomagnetically disturbed conditions the midlatitude ionosphere is subject to intense poleward directed electric fields in the dusk-midnight sector. These electric fields lead to the generation of a latitudinally narrow…Read more on An examination of inter-hemispheric conjugacy in a subauroral polarization stream
19 July, 2012 by Terri Souster, Melody Clark, Terri Souster
Regeneration of arms in brittle stars is thought to proceed slowly in low temperature environments. Here a survey of natural arm damage and arm regeneration rates is documented in the…1 July, 2012 by Geraint Tarling, Sophie Fielding
Anthropogenic ocean acidification is likely to have negative effects on marine calcifying organisms, such as shelled pteropods, by promoting dissolution of aragonite shells. Study of shell dissolution requires an accurate…29 June, 2012 by Pierre Dutrieux
Analysis of results from an eddy-resolving general circulation model showed two subsurface velocity cores in the mean within the depth range between 400 and 1000 m below the Mindanao Current…Read more on Mindanao current/undercurrent in an eddy-resolving GCM
28 June, 2012 by Eric Wolff
The ice core record reveals large variations in the concentration of atmospheric methane, [CH4], over the last 800 kyr. Amongst the most striking natural features are the large, rapid rises…28 June, 2012 by Andy Smith, Tom Jordan
We present measurements of ice thickness, gravimetry and surface elevation on Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, separated by a period of 49 years. At one station, on the main trunk…Read more on Rapid subglacial erosion beneath Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica
8 June, 2012 by Eric Wolff
This study aims at refining the synchronisation between the EPICA Dome C (EDC) and Vostok ice cores in the time interval 0–145 kyr BP by using the volcanic signatures. 102…1 June, 2012 by Jean-Baptiste Sallee
The Southern Ocean’s Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) naturally lends itself to interpretations using a zonally averaged framework. Yet, navigation around steep and complicated bathymetric obstacles suggests that local dynamics may…30 May, 2012 by Hilmar Gudmundsson, Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Predictions of marine ice-sheet behaviour require models that are able to robustly simulate grounding line migration. We present results of an intercomparison exercise for marine ice-sheet models. Verification is effected…Read more on Results of the Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project, MISMIP
16 May, 2012 by Mark Clilverd
Energetic particle precipitation leads to enhancement of odd hydrogen (HOx) below 80 km altitude through water cluster ion chemistry. Using measurements from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS/Aura) and Medium Energy…16 May, 2012 by Hua Lu, Ingrid Cnossen
This study analyzes geopotential height data from the ERA-40 and ERA-Interim reanalyses for the period of 1958–2009 to provide some new insights on the stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) modulation of…Read more on QBO modulation of traveling planetary waves during northern winter
8 May, 2012 by Richard Phillips
Seabirds are facing a growing number of threats in both terrestrial and marine habitats, and many populations have experienced dramatic changes over past decades. Years of seabird research have improved…1 May, 2012 by Richard Horne
Wave propagation plays an important role in linking the chorus source in the plasma trough region and the hiss emission in the plasmasphere. We investigate the dependence of plasmaspheric hiss…1 May, 2012 by Richard Horne
There is increasing evidence that plasmaspheric hiss is formed by the evolution of a portion of chorus waves that are excited in the plasmatrough and propagate into the plasmasphere. Comparison…Read more on Modeling the properties of plasmaspheric hiss: 1. Dependence on chorus wave emission
1 May, 2012 by David Maxfield, Michael Rose
On 5 April 2010 a coronal mass ejection produced a travelling solar wind shock front that impacted the Earth's magnetosphere, producing the largest geomagnetic storm of 2010. The storm resulted…Read more on Ionospheric scintillation over Antarctica during the storm of 5-6 April 2010
1 May, 2012
On 20 January 2005, a solar energetic particle (SEP) event caused the largest recorded solar proton ground level event since 1956. Serendipitously, a balloon-borne experiment intended to measure effects of…1 May, 2012 by Hua Lu, Mark Clilverd
Advanced statistical methods are employed to analyze three long-term time series of geomagnetic activity indices (aa, IHV, and IDV) together with sunspot number (Rz) to examine whether or not the…Read more on Trend and abrupt changes in long-term geomagnetic indices
11 April, 2012 by Lloyd Peck, Michael Thorne, Simon Morley
Defining ecologically relevant upper temperature limits of species is important in the context of environmental change. The approach used in the present paper estimates the relationship between rates of temperature…11 April, 2012 by Alexandra Weiss, John King, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
This study investigates the surface albedo of the sea ice areas adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula during the austral summer. Aircraft measurements of the surface albedo, which were conducted in…Read more on Albedo of the ice covered Weddell and Bellingshausen Seas
2 April, 2012 by Sally Thorpe, Simeon Hill
We describe the compilation and derivation of parameters for use in krill-fishery-predator models of the Scotia Sea – Antarctic Peninsula region. The primary aim is to provide input for the…2 April, 2012 by Simeon Hill
In 2007 WG-SAM defined a set of reference observations for validating and tuning proposed models to evaluate krill catch allocation options for Area 48 (the SAM calendar). The observations, which…30 March, 2012 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
Longitudinal surface structures (“flowstripes”) are common on many glaciers but their origin and significance are poorly understood. In this paper we present observations of the development of these longitudinal structures…Read more on Longitudinal surface structures (flowstripes) on Antarctic glaciers
27 March, 2012 by Andrew Clarke
A high resolution time-series analysis of stable carbon isotopic signatures in particulate organic carbon (δ13CPOC) and associated biogeochemical parameters in sea ice and surface waters provides an insight into the…27 March, 2012 by John King
Data collected by two automatic weather stations (AWS) on the Larsen C ice shelf, Antarctica, between 22 January 2009 and 1 February 2011 are analyzed and used as input for…14 March, 2012 by Emilie Capron
Although the Last Interglacial (LIG) is often considered as a possible analogue for future climate in high latitudes, its precise climate evolution and associated causes remain uncertain. Here we compile…1 March, 2012 by Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
Observations were made of ocean microstructure and horizontal currents adjacent to Brunt Ice Shelf in the southeastern Weddell Sea. Periods of in situ supercooled water extending as deep as 65…Read more on Observations of Thermohaline Convection adjacent to Brunt Ice Shelf
1 March, 2012 by Mark Clilverd
This paper shows that at solar maximum, equatorial ion densities at L = 2.5 are substantially higher at American longitudes in the December months than in the June months. This…Read more on The annual and longitudinal variations in plasmaspheric ion density
1 March, 2012
As part of a collaborative program between British Antarctic Survey and Utah State University, measurements were made using an all-sky airglow imager located at the U.K. Halley Station (76°S, 27°W)…27 February, 2012 by Emily Shuckburgh, Howard Roscoe
New evidence from models, ozone measurements and balloon trajectories is presented that confirms the existence of a broad cohesive region of air at the edge of the Antarctic stratospheric vortex…Read more on The existence of the edge region of the Antarctic stratospheric vortex
17 February, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, Eugene Murphy, Katrin Linse, Nadine Johnston
The deep sea is the largest environment on the planet, the least well known and one of the least studied. It contains extremely large habitats, and millions of km2 of…1 February, 2012 by Mark Clilverd, Neil Cobbett
Using ground-based subionospheric radio wave propagation data from two very low frequency (VLF) receiver sites, riometer absorption data, and THEMIS satellite observations, we examine in detail energetic electron precipitation (EEP)…31 January, 2012 by Emilie Capron
Based on a composite of several measurement series performed on ice samples stored at −25 °C or −50 °C, we present and discuss the first δO2/N2 record of trapped air…Read more on Towards orbital dating of the EPICA Dome C ice core using δO2/N2
24 January, 2012 by Ed King
Basal crevasses extend upwards from the base of ice bodies and can penetrate more than halfway through the ice column under conditions found commonly on ice shelves. As a result,…Read more on Basal crevasses in Larsen C Ice Shelf and implications for their global abundance
19 January, 2012 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff, Howard Roscoe
NOx measurements were conducted at the Halley Research Station, coastal Antarctica, during the austral summer period 1 January–10 February 2005. A clear NOx diurnal cycle was observed with minimum concentrations…9 January, 2012 by Michael Thorne, Melody Clark
Several organisms display dormancy and developmental arrest at embryonic stages. Long-term survival in the dormant form is usually associated with desiccation, orthodox plant seeds and Artemia cysts being well documented…Read more on Long-Term Survival of Hydrated Resting Eggs from Brachionus plicatilis
1 January, 2012 by Tom Jordan
The basins of southern McMurdo Sound have evolved under the influence of lithospheric flexure induced by the loads of the Erebus Volcanic Province. To characterise these basins, it is important…Read more on Flexural controls on late Neogene basin evolution in southern McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
1 January, 2012
INTERACT: International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic. The INTERACT network is a one-stop shop for access to research infrastructures in the Arctic and mountain areas of…1 January, 2012 by Michael Meredith
Executive Summary The Southern Ocean provides the principal connection between the Earth’s ocean basins and between the upper and lower layers of the global ocean circulation. As a result, the…Read more on The Southern Ocean Observing System: Initial science and implementation strategy
1 January, 2012
The Southern Ocean is the world's largest high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) region. However, satellite images highlight several areas associated with island chains and shallow topographic features which display high…Read more on Seasonal and spatial dynamics of iron availability in the Scotia Sea
1 January, 2012 by Anna Jones
The role of ice in the formation of chemically active halogens in the environment requires a full understanding because of its role in atmospheric chemistry, including controlling the regional atmospheric…1 January, 2012 by Peter Convey
Two species of chironomid midges are currently described in the genus Belgica Jacobs, 1900. Belgica antarctica Jacobs, 1900 is endemic to parts of the maritime Antarctic, and Belgica albipes (Séguy,…1 January, 2012 by Jennifer Jackson
Lineages undergoing rapid radiations provide exceptional opportunities for studying speciation and adaptation, but also represent a challenge for molecular systematics because retention of ancestral polymorphisms and the occurrence of hybridization…Read more on Species tree of a recent radiation: The subfamily Delphininae (Cetacea, Mammalia)
1 January, 2012 by Geraint Tarling, Simeon Hill
This paper aims to provide the overview needed to include krill in food-web models and to guide modellers to key sources of data. It describes the strengths of each method…1 January, 2012 by Paul Geissler, Sophie Fielding
The kinetics of food processing by zooplankton affects both their energy budgets and the biogeochemical fate of their fecal pellets. We sampled 40 schools of krill across the Scotia Sea…1 January, 2012 by Peter Ward
There is an enormous amount of data on Southern Ocean (SO) zooplankton, mostly on their distribution with a minority addressing rate processes. This review aims to summarise these data and…1 January, 2012
The consolidation and bond strength of rafted sea ice were investigated through a series of experiments undertaken in the Ice Physics Laboratory at the UCL. To simulate a section of…Read more on The consolidation and bond strength of rafted sea ice
1 January, 2012
The northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) is a small (approx. 25 g), insectivorous migrant with one of the largest ranges of any songbird in the world, breeding from the eastern Canadian…1 January, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes, Eugene Murphy, Nadine Johnston
The continental shelf is the platform for many of the planet’s most productive ecosystems but it is exposed to high disturbance. At high latitudes, massive grounded ice sheets have extended…Read more on The Dynamic Mosaic Disturbance and Development of Antarctic Benthic Communities
1 January, 2012 by David Pearce
The historic view of ice-bound ecosystems has been one of a predominantly lifeless environment, where microorganisms certainly exist but are assumed to be either completely inactive or in a state…Read more on Advances in the in-field detection of microorganisms in ice
1 January, 2012
Winter ranges have been identified for most neotropical migrant bird species, those that spend the winter months in Central and South America and summer months in North America. Published accounts…Read more on The Northern Black Swift: Migration path and wintering area revealed
1 January, 2012 by Eugene Murphy, Geraint Tarling, Hugh Venables, Peter Ward, Sophie Fielding
The carbonate chemistry of the surface ocean is rapidly changing with ocean acidification, a result of human activities. In the upper layers of the Southern Ocean, aragonite—a metastable form of…Read more on Extensive dissolution of live pteropods in the Southern Ocean
1 January, 2012 by Geraint Tarling, Sophie Fielding
Limacina helicina antarctica is a common part of the Southern Ocean zooplankton community but little is known about its life cycle. Here we determine the population structure and standing stock…1 January, 2012 by Geraint Tarling
Pteropods are a group of holoplanktonic gastropods for which global biomass distribution patterns remain poorly described. The aim of this study was to collect and synthesise existing pteropod (Gymnosomata, Thecosomata…1 January, 2012 by Mark Belchier
This review summarises the available information on the biology and ecology of the lithodids at South Georgia and provides an overview of the development of a management regime for them.…1 January, 2012 by Andy Smith, David Vaughan, Ed King, Fausto Ferraccioli, Hamish Pritchard, Robert Larter
Current ice loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) accounts for about ten per cent of observed global sea-level rise1. Losses are dominated by dynamic thinning, in which forcings…Read more on Inland thinning of West Antarctic Ice Sheet steered along subglacial rifts
1 January, 2012 by Emma Boland, Emily Shuckburgh
Coherent jets are ubiquitous features of the ocean’s circulation, and their characteristics, such as orientation and energetics, may be influenced by topography. In this study, the authors introduce a large-scale,…Read more on The formation of nonzonal jets over sloped topography
1 January, 2012 by Thomas Bracegirdle
The current understanding of climate changes that have occurred in the last 50 years over Antarctica is presented with a focus on: (i) a summer warming of the eastern Antarctic…Read more on Detection and attribution of Antarctic climate change