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Found 13092 items

Distribution, hosts and long-term decline in abundance of the Patagonian lamprey inferred from diet assessment of albatrosses

1 December, 2023 by Claire Waluda, Richard Phillips

Knowledge of lampreys during their marine phase is limited, and for the southern hemisphere species was gleaned from their predators (albatrosses) in the 1970s. Taking advantage of new methodologies and…

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Ninety years of change, from commercial extinction to recovery, range expansion and decline for Antarctic fur seals at South Georgia

1 December, 2023 by Andy Wood, Jaume Forcada, Pete Bucktrout

With environmental change, understanding how species recover from overharvesting and maintain viable populations is central to ecosystem restoration. Here, we reconstruct 90 years of recovery trajectory of the Antarctic fur seal…

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Geomagnetically Induced Current Mitigation in New Zealand: Operational Mitigation Method Development With Industry Input

27 November, 2023 by Mark Clilverd

Reducing the impact of Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) on electrical power networks is an essential step to protect network assets and maintain reliable power transmission during and after storm events.…

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Thermal sensitivity of field metabolic rate predicts differential futures for bluefin tuna juveniles across the Atlantic Ocean

27 November, 2023 by Andrew Meijers, Rahul Sivankutty

Changing environmental temperatures impact the physiological performance of fishes, and consequently their distributions. A mechanistic understanding of the linkages between experienced temperature and the physiological response expressed within complex natural…

Read more on Thermal sensitivity of field metabolic rate predicts differential futures for bluefin tuna juveniles across the Atlantic Ocean

A cosmopolitan Serendipita species forms mycothalli with leafy liverworts on sub-Antarctic South Georgia

26 November, 2023 by Chester Sands, George Foot, Kevin Newsham, Will Goodall-Copestake

The occurrence of mycothalli, symbioses between liverworts and fungi bearing similarities to mycorrhizas, is poorly documented in sub-Antarctica, and biogeographical patterns in Serendipita, one of the main fungal genera forming…

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The infill of tunnel valleys in the central North Sea: Implications for sedimentary processes, geohazards, and ice-sheet dynamics

25 November, 2023 by James Kirkham, Kelly Hogan, Robert Larter

Tunnel valleys are widespread in formerly glaciated regions such as the North Sea and record sediment transport beneath ice sheets undergoing deglaciation. However, their complex infill architecture often makes their…

Read more on The infill of tunnel valleys in the central North Sea: Implications for sedimentary processes, geohazards, and ice-sheet dynamics

Southward migration of the zero-degree isotherm latitude over the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic Peninsula: cryospheric, biotic and societal implications

24 November, 2023 by Lloyd Peck

The seasonal movement of the zero-degree isotherm across the Southern Ocean and Antarctic Peninsula drives major changes in the physical and biological processes around maritime Antarctica. These include spatial and…

Read more on Southward migration of the zero-degree isotherm latitude over the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic Peninsula: cryospheric, biotic and societal implications

Source variations in volatile contents of Bransfield Strait back-arc and Phoenix/West Scotia mid-ocean ridge lavas, northern Antarctic Peninsula

23 November, 2023 by Teal Riley

We present the first volatile contents (H2O, CO2, Cl, F, S) of young (< 6 Ma) submarine basaltic glasses from the Phoenix and West Scotia mid-ocean ridges and the Bransfield Strait…

Read more on Source variations in volatile contents of Bransfield Strait back-arc and Phoenix/West Scotia mid-ocean ridge lavas, northern Antarctic Peninsula

Spatial, temporal, and demographic variability in patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) spawning from twenty-five years of fishery data at South Georgia

22 November, 2023 by Connor Bamford, Martin Collins, Philip Hollyman

Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) are a commercially important species that support a longline fishery at the subantarctic island of South Georgia (CCAMLR Subarea 48.3). Understanding the life history of Patagonian…

Read more on Spatial, temporal, and demographic variability in patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) spawning from twenty-five years of fishery data at South Georgia

An unprecedented sea ice retreat in the Weddell Sea driving an overall decrease of the Antarctic sea-ice extent over the 20th century

16 November, 2023 by Diana Vladimirova, Dieter Tetzner, Liz Thomas

Sea-ice extent is predicted to decrease in a warming climate. However, despite global warming over the past century, total Antarctic sea ice remained relatively stable from 1979 until 2015, before…

Read more on An unprecedented sea ice retreat in the Weddell Sea driving an overall decrease of the Antarctic sea-ice extent over the 20th century

The extraordinary March 2022 East Antarctica “heat” wave. Part I: observations and meteorological drivers

15 November, 2023 by John King, Thomas Bracegirdle

Between March 15-19, 2022, East Antarctica experienced an exceptional heatwave with widespread 30-40° C temperature anomalies across the ice sheet. This record-shattering event saw numerous monthly temperature records being broken…

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Temperature variation in the South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctic

9 November, 2023 by Andrew Orr, Emilia Dobb, Gareth Marshall, Guy Phillips, Hua Lu, John King, Sabina Kucieba, Steve Colwell, Tony Phillips

Meteorological records at Signy Station in the South Orkney Islands (SOIs) have recently been digitized to cover the period of 1947–1995. This study compares the newly available near-surface air temperatures…

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Deciphering stable water isotope records of firn cores from a strongly maritime, high-accumulation site on the Antarctic Peninsula

8 November, 2023 by Liz Thomas

Stable water isotope records of six firn cores retrieved from two adjacent plateaus on the northern Antarctic Peninsula between 2014 and 2016 are presented and investigated for their connections with…

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Unsupervised machine learning detection of iceberg populations within sea ice from dual-polarisation SAR imagery

1 November, 2023 by Andrew Fleming, Anita Faul, Ben Evans, David Vaughan, Scott Hosking

Accurate quantification of iceberg populations is essential to inform estimates of Southern Ocean freshwater and heat balances as well as shipping hazards. The automated operational monitoring of icebergs remains challenging,…

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Offshore-onshore record of Last Glacial Maximum−to−present grounding line retreat at Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica

1 November, 2023 by Jonathan Adams, Joanne Johnson

Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, is the largest Antarctic contributor to global sea-level rise and is vulnerable to rapid retreat, yet our knowledge of its deglacial history since the Last…

Read more on Offshore-onshore record of Last Glacial Maximum−to−present grounding line retreat at Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica

Measuring seismic attenuation in polar firn: method and application to Korff Ice Rise, West Antarctica

26 October, 2023 by Alex Brisbourne, Andy Smith, Ronan Agnew

We present seismic measurements of the firn column at Korff Ice Rise, West Antarctica, including measurements of compressional-wave velocity and attenuation. We describe a modified spectral-ratio method of measuring the…

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Assessing the trophic ecology of Southern Ocean Myctophidae: the added value of DNA metabarcoding

23 October, 2023 by Alison Cleary, Jennifer Freer, Martin Collins

Lanternfishes (Myctophidae) are key components of mesopelagic fish communities globally. In the Southern Ocean, incomplete information on myctophid diets limits our understanding of their energetics, interactions and wider ecosystem impact.…

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Communicating the best available science to inform Antarctic policy and management: a practical introduction for researchers

18 October, 2023 by Claire Waluda, Kevin Hughes

Communication at the science-policy interface can be bewildering not only for early-career researchers, but also for many within the research community. In the context of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean,…

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Simultaneous organic aerosol source apportionment at two Antarctic sites reveals large-scale and eco-region specific components [preprint]

17 October, 2023 by Anna Jones, Thomas Lachlan-Cope

Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are the most pristine areas of the globe and represent ideal places to investigate aerosol-climate interactions in an unperturbed atmosphere. In this study, we present…

Read more on Simultaneous organic aerosol source apportionment at two Antarctic sites reveals large-scale and eco-region specific components [preprint]

Mollusca collected by Agassiz trawl from the 2016 SO-AntEco (JR15005) expedition to the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica – data

17 October, 2023 by Huw Griffiths, Katrin Linse

This dataset contributes to the knowledge of macro- and megafaunal Mollusca associated with a range of benthic habitat types in the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica, an exceptionally diverse region of…

Read more on Mollusca collected by Agassiz trawl from the 2016 SO-AntEco (JR15005) expedition to the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica – data

Deepening of Southern Ocean gateway leads to abrupt onset of a deep-reaching meridional overturning circulation

16 October, 2023 by Dave Munday

During the Eocene and the Eocene-Oligocene transition, the lower cell of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC), associated with bottom water formation, underwent changes associated with the geological evolution of Southern…

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Deepening of Southern Ocean Gateway Leads to Abrupt Onset of a Deep-Reaching Meridional Overturning Circulation

16 October, 2023 by Dave Munday

During the Eocene and the Eocene-Oligocene transition, the lower cell of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC), associated with bottom water formation, underwent changes associated with the geological evolution of Southern…

Read more on Deepening of Southern Ocean Gateway Leads to Abrupt Onset of a Deep-Reaching Meridional Overturning Circulation

Loss of research and operational equipment in Antarctica: Balancing scientific advances with environmental impact

11 October, 2023 by Claire Boyle, Kevin Hughes, Laura Gerrish, Peter Convey, Steve Colwell

Antarctica has been subject to widespread, long-term and on-going human activity since the establishment of permanent research stations became common in the 1950s. Equipment may become intentionally or inadvertently lost…

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Temperature variability over the past three centuries in the coastal region of Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica, reconstructed from ice core stable isotope records

10 October, 2023 by Robert Mulvaney

High-resolution stable isotope records obtained from Antarctic ice cores can be used as proxies to investigate past climatic changes in Antarctica, overcoming the spatiotemporal limitations of observational and instrumental records.…

Read more on Temperature variability over the past three centuries in the coastal region of Princess Elizabeth Land, Antarctica, reconstructed from ice core stable isotope records

Interpopulation differences and temporal synchrony in rates of adult survival between two seabird colonies that differ in population size and distance to foraging grounds

3 October, 2023 by Victoria Warwick-Evans

Understanding the processes that drive interpopulation differences in demography and population dynamics is central to metapopulation ecology. In colonial species, populations are limited by local resource availability. However, individuals from…

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Cryophilic Tardigrada have disjunct and bipolar distribution and establish long-term stable, low-density demes

1 October, 2023 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes

Glaciers are inhabited by various cryophilic organisms ranging from single celled to multicellular, like Tardigrada (water bears). Owing to their scattered distribution, glaciers represent extremely fragmented habitats, and it remains…

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Contrasting impacts of non-native isopods and springtails on ecosystem processes under simulated Antarctic climate conditions

1 October, 2023 by Peter Convey

Climate change, coupled with the introduction of non-native organisms, represent major threats to the functioning of ecosystems, especially in species-poor communities such as polar terrestrial ecosystems. In this laboratory study,…

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A chromosome map of Belgica antarctica Jacobs (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Antarctica, including chromosome variability

1 October, 2023 by Peter Convey

Belgica antarctica Jacobs (Diptera: Chironomidae) is the only endemic insect found in the Antarctic Peninsula region and has stimulated considerable research interest. Due to recent rapid changes in regional climate…

Read more on A chromosome map of Belgica antarctica Jacobs (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Antarctica, including chromosome variability

Circumpolar assessment of mercury contamination: the Adélie penguin as a bioindicator of Antarctic marine ecosystems

1 October, 2023 by Claire Waluda, Michael Dunn, Philip Trathan

Due to its persistence and potential ecological and health impacts, mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant of major concern that may reach high concentrations even in remote polar oceans. In…

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Exploring the origin of Antarctic precipitation for an improved climatic interpretation of ice-core records

1 October, 2023 by Louise Sime, Qinggang Gao

To refine moisture-source and site-temperature reconstructions inferred from measurements from ice cores, we must understand moisture provenance from which Antarctic precipitation originates. Here, we discuss our current understanding of Antarctic…

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Plasticity and seasonality of the vertical migratory behaviour of Antarctic krill using acoustic data from fishing vessels

27 September, 2023 by Eugene Murphy, Sally Thorpe

Understanding the vertical migration behaviour of Antarctic krill is important for understanding spatial distribution, ecophysiology, trophic interactions and carbon fluxes of this Southern Ocean key species. In this study, we…

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Modes of Antarctic tidal grounding line migration revealed by Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) laser altimetry

26 September, 2023 by Bryony Freer, Oliver Marsh

Tide-forced short-term migration of the grounding line (GL) of Antarctic ice shelves can impact ice dynamics at the ice sheet margins and obscures assessments of long-term GL advance or retreat.…

Read more on Modes of Antarctic tidal grounding line migration revealed by Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) laser altimetry

Extreme warm events in the South Orkney Islands, Southern Ocean: Compounding influence of atmospheric rivers and föhn conditions

18 September, 2023 by Andrew Orr, Ella Gilbert, Hua Lu, John King, Steve Colwell, Thomas Bracegirdle, Tony Phillips

Extreme warm events in the South Orkney Islands (SOIs) are investigated using synoptic observations from Signy and Orcadas stations for 1947-1994 and 1956-2019, respectively. Defining the extremes as temperatures exceeding…

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Extreme environments as sources of fungal endophytes mitigating climate change impacts on crops in Mediterranean-type ecosystems

4 September, 2023 by Kevin Newsham

Societal Impact Statement: Climate change is predicted to increase drought and soil salinity in Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs), posing a significant threat to global food security. Genetic modification of crops to…

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Polarimetric airborne scientific instrument, mark 2, an ice‐sounding airborne synthetic aperture radar for subglacial 3D imagery

1 September, 2023 by Alvaro Arenas Pingarron, Carl Robinson, Hugh Corr, Tom Jordan, Alvaro Pingarron Arenas

Polarimetric Airborne Scientific INstrument, mark 2 (PASIN2) is a 150 MHz coherent pulsed radar with the purpose of deep ice sounding for bedrock, subglacial channels and ice-water interface detection in…

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