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Snowpack nitrate photolysis drives the summertime atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) budget in coastal Antarctica

17 May, 2023 by Anna Jones, Millie Bond, Freya Squires, Markus Frey

Measurements of atmospheric nitrous acid (HONO) amount fraction and flux density above snow were carried out using a long-path absorption photometer at Halley station in coastal Antarctica between 22 Jan-…

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Carbon budgets of Scotia Sea mesopelagic zooplankton and micronekton communities during austral spring

9 May, 2023 by Anna Belcher, Geraint Tarling, Gabriele Stowasser, Ryan Saunders, Sophie Fielding

Zooplankton form an integral component of epi- and mesopelagic ecosystems, and there is a need to better understand their role in ocean biogeochemistry. The export and remineralisation of particulate organic…

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Dansgaard–Oeschger events in climate models: review and baseline Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) protocol

8 May, 2023 by Irene Malmierca Vallet, Louise Sime

Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) events, millennial-scale climate oscillations between stadial and interstadial conditions (of up to 10–15 ∘C in amplitude at high northern latitudes), occurred throughout the Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3; 27.8–59.4 ka)…

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Finale: Impact of the ORCHESTRA/ENCORE programmes on Southern Ocean heat and carbon understanding

8 May, 2023 by Alexandra Weiss, Andrew Meijers, Dave Munday, Dani Jones, Emma Boland, Povl Abrahamsen, Alexander Brearley, Michael Meredith, Shenjie Zhou

The 5-year Ocean Regulation of Climate by Heat and Carbon Sequestration and Transports (ORCHESTRA) programme and its 1-year extension ENCORE (ENCORE is the National Capability ORCHESTRA Extension) was an approximately…

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Genetic history, structure and gene flow among populations of Belgica antarctica, the only free-living insect in the western Antarctic Peninsula

5 May, 2023 by Peter Convey

Changes in climate and environment can impact the sustainability of populations and biodiversity. Understanding population genetic diversity in the past and present can help us better predict species' responses to…

Read more on Genetic history, structure and gene flow among populations of Belgica antarctica, the only free-living insect in the western Antarctic Peninsula

Direct measurement of warm Atlantic Intermediate Water close to the grounding line of Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden (79° N) Glacier, northeast Greenland

5 May, 2023 by James Smith

The Northeast Greenland Ice Stream has recently seen significant change to its floating margins and has been identified as vulnerable to future climate warming. Inflow of warm Atlantic Intermediate Water…

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Ecological consequences of a single introduced species to the Antarctic: Terrestrial impacts of the invasive midge Eretmoptera murphyi on Signy Island

1 May, 2023 by Kevin Newsham, Peter Convey

The nutrient-poor soils of Antarctica are sensitive to change. Recent increases in the number of anthropogenic introductions mean that understanding the impact of non-native species on Antarctic soils is pertinent,…

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Breaking the Ring of Fire: How ridge collision, slab age, and convergence rate narrowed and terminated the Antarctic continental arc

1 May, 2023 by Alex Burton-Johnson

The geometry of the Antarctic-Phoenix Plate system, with the Antarctic Plate forming both the overriding plate and the conjugate to the subducting oceanic plate, allows quantification of slab age and…

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The coupled system response to 250 years of freshwater forcing: Last Interglacial CMIP6–PMIP4 HadGEM3 simulations

27 April, 2023 by Louise Sime, Maria Vittoria Guarino

The lig127k-H11 simulation of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) is run using the HadGEM3-GC3.1 model. We focus on the coupled system response to the applied meltwater forcing. We show…

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Assessing key influences on the distribution and life-history of Arctic and boreal Calanus: are online databases up to the challenge?

17 April, 2023 by Geraint Tarling, Jennifer Freer

Despite the importance of calanoid copepods to healthy ecosystem functioning of the Arctic Ocean and Subarctic Seas, aspects of their biogeography, particularly in winter months, remain unresolved. At the same…

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Calcification response of planktic foraminifera to environmental change in the western Mediterranean Sea during the industrial era

14 April, 2023 by Aidan Hunter

The Mediterranean Sea sustains a rich and fragile ecosystem currently threatened by multiple anthropogenic impacts that include, among others, warming, pollution, and changes in seawater carbonate speciation associated to increasing…

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Antarctica as a ‘natural laboratory’ for the critical assessment of the archaeological validity of early stone tool sites

1 April, 2023 by Teal Riley

Lithic technologies dominate understanding of early humans, yet natural processes can fracture rock in ways that resemble artefacts made by Homo sapiens and other primates. Differentiating between fractures made by…

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Habitat severity characteristics structure soil communities at regional and local spatial scales along the Antarctica Peninsula

1 April, 2023 by Peter Convey

Antarctic soils provide an excellent setting to test biogeographical patterns across spatial and environmental scales given their relatively simple communities and the dominance of physical factors that create strong environmental…

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Heavy metal contamination in pristine environments: lessons from the Juan Fernandez fur seal (Arctocephalus philippii philippii)

29 March, 2023 by Jaume Forcada

Heavy metals, including mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd), occur naturally or anthropogenically and are considered toxic to the environment and human health. However, studies on heavy metal contamination focus on…

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A biologist’s guide to the galaxy: Leveraging artificial intelligence and very high-resolution satellite imagery to monitor marine mammals from space

11 March, 2023 by Hannah Cubaynes, Penny Clarke

Monitoring marine mammals is of broad interest to governments and individuals around the globe. Very high-resolution (VHR) satellites hold the promise of reaching remote and challenging locations to fill gaps…

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