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High foraging site fidelity and spatial segregation among individual great black‐backed gulls

1 December, 2019 by Richard Phillips, Thomas Clay, Thomas Clay

Individual foraging site fidelity, whereby individuals repeatedly visit the same foraging areas, is widespread in nature, and likely benefits individuals through higher foraging efficiency and potentially, higher breeding success. It…

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Heat distribution in the Southeast Pacific is only weakly sensitive to high-latitude heat flux and wind stress.

1 December, 2019 by Andrew Meijers, Dani Jones, Emma Boland, Emily Shuckburgh

The Southern Ocean features regionally‐varying ventilation pathways that transport heat and carbon from the surface ocean to the interior thermocline on timescales of decades to centuries, but the factors that…

Read more on Heat distribution in the Southeast Pacific is only weakly sensitive to high-latitude heat flux and wind stress.

Thermal tolerance patterns of a carabid beetle sampled along invasion and altitudinal gradients at a sub-Antarctic island

1 December, 2019 by Peter Convey

Highlights • Insects sampled along the invasion gradient were not characterized by an increased thermal tolerance. • Significant differences in the ability to recover from thermal stress were found among…

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Habitat, trophic levels and migration patterns of the short-finned squid Illex argentinus from stable isotope analysis of beak regions

1 December, 2019 by Richard Phillips

Illex argentinus is an ecologically and economically important species, assumed to be restricted to the Patagonian Shelf and around the subtropical convergence. Beaks found in diet samples from black-browed albatrosses…

Read more on Habitat, trophic levels and migration patterns of the short-finned squid Illex argentinus from stable isotope analysis of beak regions

Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar for tide modelling in Antarctic ice-shelf grounding zones

29 November, 2019 by Oliver Marsh

Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) is an essential tool for detecting ice-sheet motion near Antarctica's oceanic margin. These space-borne measurements have been used extensively in the past to map…

Read more on Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar for tide modelling in Antarctic ice-shelf grounding zones

Moderate reductions in dissolved oxygen may compromise performance in an ecologically-important estuarine invertebrate

25 November, 2019 by Melody Clark

Coastal ecosystems, including estuaries, are increasingly pressured by expanding hypoxic regions as a result of human activities such as increased release of nutrients and global warming. Hypoxia is often defined…

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Who wins when the competition heats up? Effects of climate change on interactions among three Antarctic penguin species

20 November, 2019 by Harriet Clewlow

This thesis sought to elucidate the mechanisms driving the large-scale population changes observed in Pygoscelis penguins in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP)/Scotia Sea region since the 1970s, with particular focus…

Read more on Who wins when the competition heats up? Effects of climate change on interactions among three Antarctic penguin species

Fauna of the Kemp Caldera and its upper bathyal hydrothermal vents (South Sandwich Arc, Antarctica)

20 November, 2019 by Andrew Clarke, David Pearce, Katrin Linse, Robert Larter

Faunal assemblages at hydrothermal vents associated with island-arc volcanism are less well known than those at vents on mid-ocean ridges and back-arc spreading centres. This study characterizes chemosynthetic biotopes at…

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Nitrogen isotope fractionation explains the 15N enrichment of Antarctic cryptogams by volatilized ammonia from penguin and seal colonies

19 November, 2019 by Peter Convey

Vegetation near bird and seal rookeries typically has high δ15N signatures and these high values are linked to the enriched δ15N values of rookery soils. However, Antarctic cryptogams are mostly…

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Dwarf brooder versus giant broadcaster: combining genetic and reproductive data to unravel cryptic diversity in an Antarctic brittle star

9 November, 2019 by Chester Sands, Quentin Jossart

Poecilogony, or multiple developmental modes in a single species, is exceedingly rare. Several species described as poecilogenous were later demonstrated to be multiple (cryptic) species with a different developmental mode.…

Read more on Dwarf brooder versus giant broadcaster: combining genetic and reproductive data to unravel cryptic diversity in an Antarctic brittle star

Genome‐wide SNP data reveal improved evidence for Antarctic glacial refugia and dispersal of terrestrial invertebrates

8 November, 2019 by Peter Convey

Antarctica is isolated, surrounded by the Southern Ocean, and has experienced extreme environmental conditions for millions of years, including during recent Pleistocene glacial maxima. How Antarctic terrestrial species might have…

Read more on Genome‐wide SNP data reveal improved evidence for Antarctic glacial refugia and dispersal of terrestrial invertebrates

Extremes in benthic ecosystem services; Blue carbon natural capital shallower than 1000 m in isolated, small and young Ascension Island’s EEZ

7 November, 2019 by Chester Sands, David Barnes

Biodiversity tends to decrease with increasing isolation and reduced habitat size, and increase with habitat age. Ascension Island and its seamounts are small, isolated and relatively young, yet, within its…

Read more on Extremes in benthic ecosystem services; Blue carbon natural capital shallower than 1000 m in isolated, small and young Ascension Island’s EEZ

Marine climate and hydrography of the Coralline Crag (early Pliocene, UK): isotopic evidence from 16 benthic invertebrate taxa

5 November, 2019 by Rebecca Vignols

The taxonomic composition of the biota of the Coralline Crag Formation (early Pliocene, eastern England) provides conflicting evidence of seawater temperature during deposition, some taxa indicating cool temperate conditions by…

Read more on Marine climate and hydrography of the Coralline Crag (early Pliocene, UK): isotopic evidence from 16 benthic invertebrate taxa

Bacterial community composition and diversity respond to nutrient amendment but not warming in a southern maritime Antarctic soil

1 November, 2019 by Kevin Newsham

A resumption of climate warming in maritime Antarctica, arising from continued greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, is predicted to lead to further expansions of plant populations across the region,…

Read more on Bacterial community composition and diversity respond to nutrient amendment but not warming in a southern maritime Antarctic soil

Nature and timing of biotic recovery in Antarctic benthic marine ecosystems following the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction

1 November, 2019 by Alistair Crame, Jane Francis, Rowan Whittle, Vanessa Bowman

Taxonomic and ecological recovery from the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K–Pg) mass extinction 66 million years ago shaped the composition and structure of modern ecosystems. The timing and nature of recovery has been…

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Antarctic phytoplankton community composition and size structure: importance of ice type and temperature as regulatory factors

1 November, 2019 by Hugh Venables

Climate change at the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is predicted to cause major changes in phytoplankton community composition, however, detailed seasonal field data remain limited and it is largely unknown…

Read more on Antarctic phytoplankton community composition and size structure: importance of ice type and temperature as regulatory factors

Three-dimensional structure of a cold-core Arctic eddy interacting with the Chukchi Slope Current

1 November, 2019 by Alexander Brearley, Ryan Scott

A rapid, high‐resolution shipboard survey, using a combination of lowered and expendable hydrographic measurements and vessel‐mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler data, provided a unique three‐dimensional view of an Arctic anti‐cyclonic…

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Holocene glacier fluctuations and environmental changes in sub-Antarctic South Georgia inferred from a sediment record from a coastal inlet

30 October, 2019 by Bianca Perren, Claire Allen

The sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia provides terrestrial and coastal marine records of climate variability, which are crucial for the understanding of the drivers of Holocene climate changes in the…

Read more on Holocene glacier fluctuations and environmental changes in sub-Antarctic South Georgia inferred from a sediment record from a coastal inlet

Genomics detects population structure within and between ocean basins in a circumpolar seabird: the white‐chinned petrel

29 October, 2019 by Richard Phillips

The Southern Ocean represents a continuous stretch of circumpolar marine habitat, but the potential physical and ecological drivers of evolutionary genetic differentiation across this vast ecosystem remain unclear. We tested…

Read more on Genomics detects population structure within and between ocean basins in a circumpolar seabird: the white‐chinned petrel

Regional, seasonal, and inter-annual variations of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic temperature anomalies related to the Mansurov effect

29 October, 2019 by Mervyn Freeman

We use National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data to show that Antarctic surface air temperature anomalies result from differences in the daily-mean duskward component, By,…

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Increasing impacts by Antarctica’s most widespread invasive plant species as result of direct competition with native vascular plants

24 October, 2019 by Peter Convey

Biological invasions represent significant economic and conservation challenges, though it is widely acknowledged that their impacts are often poorly documented and difficult to predict. In the Antarctic, one non-native vascular…

Read more on Increasing impacts by Antarctica’s most widespread invasive plant species as result of direct competition with native vascular plants

More than the eye can see: Genomic insights into the drivers of genetic differentiation in Royal/Macaroni penguins across the Southern Ocean.

1 October, 2019 by Philip Trathan

The study of systematics in wide-ranging seabirds can be challenging due to the vast geographic scales involved, as well as the possible discordance between molecular, morphological and behavioral data. In…

Read more on More than the eye can see: Genomic insights into the drivers of genetic differentiation in Royal/Macaroni penguins across the Southern Ocean.

Physiological and thylakoid ultrastructural changes in cyanobacteria in response to toxic manganese concentrations

1 October, 2019 by Peter Convey

In this study, two cyanobacterial strains (morphologically identified as Microcystis novacekii BA005 and Nostoc paludosum BA033) were exposed to different Mn concentrations: 7.0, 10.5, 15.7, 23.6 and 35.4 mg L−1 for BA005;…

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Squid in the diet of Antarctic fur seals: potential links to oceanographic conditions and Antarctic krill abundance

1 October, 2019 by Iain Staniland

Understanding how changes in oceanographic conditions affect predators and their prey is fundamental for interpreting variability in natural marine ecosystems. At South Georgia, Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella are known…

Read more on Squid in the diet of Antarctic fur seals: potential links to oceanographic conditions and Antarctic krill abundance

Magnetic local time‐resolved examination of radiation belt dynamics during high speed solar wind speed triggered substorm clusters

5 September, 2019 by Mark Clilverd

Particle observations from low Earth orbiting satellites are used to undertake superposed epoch analysis around clusters of substorms, in order to investigate radiation belt dynamical responses to mild geomagnetic disturbances.…

Read more on Magnetic local time‐resolved examination of radiation belt dynamics during high speed solar wind speed triggered substorm clusters

Myctophid fish (Family Myctophidae) are central consumers in the food web of the Scotia Sea (Southern Ocean)

4 September, 2019 by Eugene Murphy, Geraint Tarling, Ryan Saunders, Simeon Hill

Myctophid fish are the most abundant and diverse mesopelagic fishes in the Southern Ocean. They are a conduit of energy between primary consumers and higher marine predators, and between the…

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Show your beaks and we tell you what you eat: Different ecology in sympatric Antarctic benthic octopods under a climate change context

1 September, 2019 by Susan Gregory

Sympatry can lead to higher competition under climate change and other environmental pressures, including in South Georgia, Antarctica, where the two most common octopod species, Adelieledone polymorpha and Pareledone turqueti,…

Read more on Show your beaks and we tell you what you eat: Different ecology in sympatric Antarctic benthic octopods under a climate change context

Temporal variability in foraminiferal morphology and geochemistry at the West Antarctic Peninsula: a sediment trap study

30 August, 2019 by Michael Meredith, Victoria Peck

The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) exhibits strong spatial and temporal oceanographic variability, resulting in highly heterogeneous biological productivity. Calcifying organisms that live in the waters off the WAP respond to…

Read more on Temporal variability in foraminiferal morphology and geochemistry at the West Antarctic Peninsula: a sediment trap study

Thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence measured in marine sediments indicate precipitation changes over northeastern Brazil

28 August, 2019 by Kira Rehfeld

Marine sediment cores offer a great number of proxies for reconstructions of past environmental conditions, such as ocean temperature, salinity, primary productivity, stratification of the upper water column and continental…

Read more on Thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence measured in marine sediments indicate precipitation changes over northeastern Brazil

The penultimate deglaciation: protocol for Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) phase 4 transient numerical simulations between 140 and 127 ka, version 1.0

22 August, 2019 by Emilie Capron

The penultimate deglaciation (PDG, ∼138–128 thousand years before present, hereafter ka) is the transition from the penultimate glacial maximum (PGM) to the Last Interglacial (LIG, ∼129–116 ka). The LIG stands out as…

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Investigating an unusually large 28-day oscillation in mesospheric temperature over Antarctica using ground-based and satellite measurements

16 August, 2019 by Tracy Moffat-Griffin

The Utah State University (USU) Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper (AMTM) was deployed at the Amundsen‐Scott South Pole Station in 2010 to measure OH temperature at ~87 km as part of…

Read more on Investigating an unusually large 28-day oscillation in mesospheric temperature over Antarctica using ground-based and satellite measurements