Found 14112 items
12 January, 2018 by Jane Francis
Fossil-bearing deposits in the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica indicate that, despite the cold nature of the continent’s climate, a tundra ecosystem grew during periods of ice sheet retreat in the mid…9 January, 2018 by Adrian Jenkins, Hilmar Gudmundsson
Basal melting below ice shelves is a major factor in mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet, which can contribute significantly to possible future sea-level rise. Therefore, it is important…
5 January, 2018 by Claire Allen, Victoria Peck
It is widely held that benthic foraminifera exhibit species-specific calcification depth preferences, with their tests recording sediment pore water chemistry at that depth (i.e. stable isotope and trace metal compositions).…2 January, 2018 by Fausto Ferraccioli, Philip Leat, Tom Jordan, Teal Riley
The distribution of heat flow in Antarctic continental crust is critical to understanding continental tectonics, ice sheet growth and subglacial hydrology. We identify a group of High Heat Production granites,…1 January, 2018 by Carlos Martin Garcia, Fausto Ferraccioli
Ice cores in Antarctica and Greenland reveal ice-crystal fabrics that can be softer under simple shear compared with isotropic ice. Owing to the sparseness of ice cores in regions away…1 January, 2018 by Roger Worland
Larvae of the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubn.) were cold acclimated during different phases of diapause to determine if changes in the fatty acid composition lipids occur as part…1 January, 2018 by Fausto Ferraccioli, Hugh Corr, Tom Jordan
Although the flow of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet is well constrained from surface measurements and altimetry, our knowledge of the dynamic processes within the ice sheet remains limited. Recent…Read more on Position and variability of complex structures in the central East Antarctic Ice Sheet
1 January, 2018 by Geraint Tarling, Peter Ward, Sally Thorpe
The biogeographic response of oceanic planktonic communities to climatic change has a large influence on the future stability of marine food webs and the functioning of global biogeochemical cycles. Temperature…1 January, 2018 by Fausto Ferraccioli, Tom Jordan
Long-range airborne geophysical measurements were carried out in the ICEGRAV campaigns, covering hitherto unexplored parts of interior East Antarctica and part of the Antarctic Peninsula. The airborne surveys provided a…1 January, 2018 by Kevin Hughes
The Antarctic Treaty recognizes the outstanding scientific values of the Antarctic environment through the designation of Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPAs) that have rigorous management plans specific to each site.…Read more on Conflicting science requirements impact on rare moss conservation measures
1 January, 2018 by Caroline Holmes, Thomas Bracegirdle
A major feature of projected changes in Southern Hemisphere climate under future scenarios of increased greenhouse gas concentrations is the poleward shift and strengthening of the main eddy-driven belt of…1 January, 2018 by Geraint Tarling
Predicting how species will respond to climate change is a growing field in marine ecology, yet knowledge of how to incorporate the uncertainty from future climate data into these predictions…1 January, 2018 by Clara Manno, Geraint Tarling, Jessie Gardner, Victoria Peck
Early life stages of marine calcifiers are particularly vulnerable to climate change. In the Southern Ocean aragonite undersaturation events and areas of rapid warming already occur and are predicted to…Read more on Southern Ocean pteropods at risk from ocean warming and acidification
1 January, 2018 by Martin Miller
The relative abundance of 17O in meteoric precipitation is usually reported in terms of the 17O-excess parameter. Variations of 17O-excess in Antarctic precipitation and ice cores have hitherto been attributed…1 January, 2018 by Joakim Kjellsson
Lagrangian analysis is a powerful way to analyse the output of ocean circulation models and other ocean velocity data such as from altimetry. In the Lagrangian approach, large sets of…Read more on Lagrangian ocean analysis: fundamentals and practices
1 January, 2018 by Mervyn Freeman, Rob Shore
We apply the method of data-interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs) to ground-based magnetic vector data from the SuperMAG archive to produce a series of month-length reanalyses of the surface external…1 January, 2018 by Nigel Meredith
Every national spacecraft charging related design guideline or design standard includes prohibitions against floating, or ungrounded, connector pins. The rationale is obvious. A floating connector pin represents ungrounded metal with…Read more on Spacecraft charging related risk of floating connector pins
1 January, 2018 by Joanne Johnson
The remains of a small volcanic centre are preserved on a thin bedrock ridge at Harrow Peaks, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica. The outcrop is interpreted as a monogenetic tuff cone…1 January, 2018 by Peter Convey
We documented relative growth rates (RGRs) and activities of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes (EHEs) of one marine-derived tropical strain of Fusarium equiseti originally isolated from Malaysia and two polar strains of…1 January, 2018 by Max Holloway
In treatment planning we depend upon accurate knowledge of geometric and range uncertainties. If the uncertainty model is inaccurate then the plan will produce under-dosing of the target and/or overdosing…1 January, 2018 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
Floating ice shelves, which fringe most of Antarctica’s coastline, regulate ice flow into the Southern Ocean1,2,3. Their thinning4,5,6,7 or disintegration8,9 can cause upstream acceleration of grounded ice and raise global…Read more on The far reach of ice-shelf thinning in Antarctica
1 January, 2018 by Lloyd Peck
This is our ninth annual horizon scan to identify emerging issues that we believe could affect global biological diversity, natural capital and ecosystem services, and conservation efforts. Our diverse and…Read more on A 2018 Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation and Biological Diversity
1 January, 2018 by Michael Meredith
The Southern Ocean is the expanse of ocean encircling the Antarctic continent. Often it is defined as all ocean areas south of 35°S (e.g., Chelton et al. 1990) or 40°S…1 January, 2018 by Mark Clilverd
One of the key challenges in polar middle atmosphere research is to quantify the total forcing by energetic particle precipitation (EPP) and assess the related response over solar cycle time…1 January, 2018 by Andrew Gray, Kevin Hughes
Portugal has developed an active Antarctic programme over the past decade. Here, we examine Portuguese Antarctic activity using a variety of bibliometric measures, showing that Portuguese scientific output has grown…1 January, 2018 by Nigel Meredith
Severe and extreme surface charging on geosynchronous spacecraft is examined through the analysis of 16 years of data from particles detectors on-board the Los Alamos National Laboratory spacecraft. Analysis shows…Read more on Spacecraft surface charging induced by severe environments at geosynchronous orbit
1 January, 2018 by Dave Wattam, Michael Pinnock
The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research and the British Antarctic Survey have built a transportable laboratory facility, named the Dirck Gerritsz Laboratory, to accommodate new scientific research on and from…Read more on Innovative transportable laboratories for Polar science
1 January, 2018
We present two narratives on the future of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, from the perspective of an observer looking back from 2070. In the first scenario, greenhouse gas emissions…1 January, 2018
Gonatus fabricii is the most abundant cephalopod species in Arctic waters, and the only squid that completes its entire life cycle there. In order to understand its ecological role in…1 January, 2018 by Richard Phillips
Knowledge of thermal traits is essential for understanding and modelling physiological responses to environmental change. Egg temperatures are poorly studied in most tubenose species. We employed a contactless infrared thermometer…Read more on Surface temperatures of albatross eggs and nests
1 January, 2018
Insufficient reference database coverage is a widely recognized limitation of molecular ecology approaches which are reliant on database matches for assignment of function or identity. Here, we use data from…1 January, 2018 by Brent Minchew
Remote sensing technology is an essential link in the global monitoring of the ocean surface and radars are efficient sensors for detecting marine pollution. When used operationally, a tradeoff must…1 January, 2018 by Hugh Corr
We propose an algorithm to calculate the refraction path travelled by a signal from a source to a remote scatterer, through a horizontally parallel multilayer medium with vertical-varying refractive index.…Read more on Refraction angle calculation in multi-layered ice for wide-beam airborne radar
1 January, 2018 by Hugh Corr
Space-based radio echo sounding of the continental ice sheets can potentially provide full coverage with uniform sampling and data quality as well as detection of change in environmentally sensitive areas.…1 January, 2018 by Peter Fretwell
A twelve-year hiatus in fishery-independent marine mammal surveys in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP), combined with a mandate to monitor dolphin stock status under international agreements and the need…1 January, 2018 by Jennifer Jackson
The IWC Scientific Committee recently adopted guidelines for quality control of DNA data. Once data have been collected, the next step is to analyse the data and make inferences that…1 January, 2018 by Andy Smith
Is groundwater abundant in Antarctica and does it modulate ice flow? Answering this question matters because ice streams flow by gliding over a wet substrate of till. Water fed to…27 December, 2017 by John King, Steve Colwell, Tracy Moffat-Griffin
Gravity waves play a critical role in the transport of energy and momentum throughout the atmosphere. It has been suggested that small mountainous islands located in regions of strong winds…19 December, 2017 by Xin Yang
Ground-based, satellite, and reanalysis datasets were used to identify two similar cyclone-induced surface ozone depletion events at Eureka, Canada (80.1° N, 86.4° W), in March 2007 and April 2011. These two events…Read more on Cyclone-induced surface ozone and HDO depletion in the Arctic
18 December, 2017 by David Barnes, Gail Ashton, Lloyd Peck, Simon Morley
In our recent Current Biology paper [1], we describe an ocean warming experiment in which we manipulated the temperature of panels set on the seafloor to provide a realistic and…15 December, 2017 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James Smith, Joanne Johnson
Ice streams in the Pine Island-Thwaites region of West Antarctica currently dominate contributions to sea level rise from the Antarctic ice sheet. Predictions of future ice-mass loss from this area…12 December, 2017 by Andrew Wood, Deborah Pardo, Jaume Forcada, Louise Ireland, Richard Phillips
Environmental and anthropogenic factors often drive population declines in top predators, but how their influences may combine remains unclear. Albatrosses are particularly threatened. They breed in fast-changing environments, and their…1 December, 2017 by Janet Silk, Richard Phillips
Species distribution models (SDM) based on tracking data from different devices are used increasingly to explain and predict seabird distributions. However, different tracking methods provide different data resolutions, ranging from…1 December, 2017 by David Barnes
One of the major climate-forced global changes has been white to blue to green; losses of sea ice extent in time and space around Arctic and West Antarctic seas has…1 December, 2017
Antarctic squids are widely known to play an important role in the diet of various Antarctic predators, although the biology of those squids and how that relates to their availability…1 December, 2017 by David Pearce, Michael Dunn, Peter Convey
Penguin stomach microbiota and its variability are important as these microbes may contribute to the fitness of the host birds and their chicks, and influence the microbial ecosystem of the…1 December, 2017 by Peter Convey
Dwarf shrubs are a dominant plant type across many regions of the Earth and have hence a large impact on carbon and nutrient cycling rates. Climate change impacts on dwarf…1 December, 2017 by Jeremy Wilkinson
Renewed political and commercial interest in the resources of the Arctic, the reduction in the extent and thickness of sea ice, and the recent failings that led to the Deepwater…1 December, 2017 by Peter Convey
The Arctic and Antarctic share environmental extremes. To survive in such environments, microbes such as soil fungi need to compete with or protect themselves effectively from other soil microbiota and…1 December, 2017 by Andy Smith, Jan De Rydt, Robert Arthern, Rebecca Tuckwell, Robert Mulvaney
Neutron probe measurements of snow density from 22 sites in the Pine Island Glacier basin have been used to determine mean annual accumulation using an automatic annual-layer identification routine. A…1 December, 2017 by Michael Thorne
Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1 is a freeze-tolerant Antarctic nematode which survives extensive intracellular ice formation. The molecular mechanisms of this extreme adaptation are still poorly understood. We recently showed that desiccation-enhanced…1 December, 2017 by Peter Convey
This research studied the effects of inorganic nutrient removal by free and immobilized Scenedesmus bijugatus cells, measured by algal growth (i.e., the chlorophyll a concentration) and the efficiency of the…1 December, 2017 by Constantino Listowski, Neil Brough, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
We demonstrate, for the first time, continuous real-time observations of airborne bio-fluorescent aerosols recorded at the British Antarctic Survey's Halley VI Research Station, located on the Brunt Ice Shelf close…Read more on Real time detection of airborne fluorescent bioparticles in Antarctica
1 December, 2017 by Peter Convey
A filamentous benthic cyanobacteria, strain USMAC16, was isolated from the High Arctic Svalbard archipelago, Norway, and a combination of morphological, ultrastructural and molecular characterisation (16S rRNA gene sequence) used to…1 December, 2017 by Scott Hosking, John King, Steve Colwell
On 30th January 1982, the research station on Signy Island (South Orkney Islands) reported a daily maximum temperature of 19.8 °C. This is a record maximum for any station south of…Read more on Causes of the Antarctic region record high temperature at Signy Island, 30 January 1982
1 December, 2017 by Richard Phillips
1.Previous genetic studies found evidence of at least three distinct groups of black-browed Thalassarche melanophris and Campbell Thalassarche impavida albatrosses in the Southern Ocean. Almost 350 individuals including samples from…1 December, 2017 by Geraint Tarling, Sally Thorpe
Antarctic krill form some of the highest concentrations of animal biomass observed in the world's oceans potentially due to their prolific ability to swarm. Determining the movement of Antarctic krill…Read more on Oceanic swarms of Antarctic krill perform satiation sinking
1 December, 2017 by Adrian Jenkins, James Jordan, Paul Holland, Robert Arthern
West Antarctic Ice Sheet loss is a significant contributor to sea level rise. While the ice loss is thought to be triggered by fluctuations in oceanic heat at the ice…Read more on The Response of Ice Sheets to Climate Variability
1 December, 2017 by Adrian Jenkins, Heather Regan, Paul Holland, Satoshi Kimura
Ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea Embayment have thinned, accelerating the seaward flow of ice sheets upstream over recent decades. This imbalance is caused by an increase in the ocean-driven…1 December, 2017 by Jaume Forcada
Climate-related shifts in marine mammal range and distribution have been observed in some populations; however, the nature and magnitude of future responses are uncertain in novel environments projected under climate…Read more on Projecting marine mammal distribution in a changing climate
30 November, 2017 by Mark Clilverd, Roger Duthie, Roger Duthie
Controversy exists over the potential effects of long-term increases in greenhouse gas concentrations on the ionospheric D-region at 60–90 km altitudes. Techniques involving in-situ rocket measurements, remote optical observations, and radio…28 November, 2017 by Liz Thomas
This study uses a set of 37 firn core records over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) to test the performance of ERA-20C reanalysis for snow accumulation and quantify temporal…28 November, 2017 by Gareth Marshall
We provide the first comprehensive analysis of the relationships between large-scale patterns of Southern Hemisphere climate variability and the detailed structure of Antarctic precipitation. We examine linkages between the high…28 November, 2017 by David Vaughan, Tom Jordan, Yasmina Martos-Martin
Antarctica is the largest reservoir of ice on Earth. Understanding its ice sheet dynamics is crucial to unraveling past global climate change and making robust climatic and sea level predictions.…22 November, 2017 by Katrin Linse
The genus Raricirrus is characterized by the absence of feeding palps, presence of filamentous branchiae, posterior segments shorter and wider than preceding ones, and by having diverse types of chaetae,…20 November, 2017 by Alex Brisbourne, Andy Smith, David Vaughan, Ed King, Jan De Rydt, Robert Arthern
The retreating Pine Island Glacier (PIG), West Antarctica, presently contributes ~5–10% of global sea-level rise. PIG’s retreat rate has increased in recent decades with associated thinning migrating upstream into tributaries…Read more on Diverse landscapes beneath Pine Island Glacier influence ice flow
20 November, 2017 by Hilmar Gudmundsson, Hugh Corr, Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls, Sebastian Rosier
We present a compilation of GPS time series, including those for previously unpublished sites, showing that flow across the entire Ronne Ice Shelf and its adjoining ice streams is strongly…17 November, 2017 by Liz Thomas
Climate trends in the Antarctic region remain poorly characterized, owing to the brevity and scarcity of direct climate observations and the large magnitude of interannual to decadal-scale climate variability. Here,…16 November, 2017 by Claire Allen, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Louise Sime, Max Holloway
We compare multi-ice core data with δ18O model output for the early last interglacial Antarctic sea ice minimum. The spatial pattern of δ18O across Antarctica is sensitive to the spatial…Read more on The spatial structure of the 128 ka Antarctic sea ice minimum
16 November, 2017 by Andrew Orr
On 4 July 2014, during the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE), strong low-level horizontal winds of up to 35 m s−1 over the Southern Alps, New Zealand, caused the…16 November, 2017 by Kelly Hogan
Greenland's bed topography is a primary control on ice flow, grounding line migration, calving dynamics, and subglacial drainage. Moreover, fjord bathymetry regulates the penetration of warm Atlantic water (AW) that…13 November, 2017 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
Compressional magnetic pumping is an interaction between cyclic magnetic compressions and pitch-angle scattering with the scattering acting as a catalyst to allow the cyclic compressions to energize particles. Compressional magnetic…10 November, 2017 by Liz Thomas
Here we present Antarctic snow accumulation variability at the regional scale over the past 1000 years. A total of 79 ice core snow accumulation records were gathered and assigned to…Read more on Regional Antarctic snow accumulation over the past 1000 years
10 November, 2017 by David Pearce, Peter Convey
The global biogeography of microorganisms remains poorly resolved, which limits the current understanding of microbial resilience toward environmental changes. Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we characterized the microbial…6 November, 2017 by Amelie Kirchgaessner, Constantino Listowski, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
During austral summer 2015, the Microphysics of Antarctic Clouds (MAC) field campaign collected unique and detailed airborne and ground-based in situ measurements of cloud and aerosol properties over coastal Antarctica…1 November, 2017 by Peter Convey
The terrestrial protected areas of Antarctica are generally small, unrepresentative of the continent's biodiversity, and at risk from a range of pressures. While some consider the whole Antarctic region as…Read more on Expanding the protected area network in Antarctica is urgent and readily achievable
1 November, 2017 by Claire Waluda, Huw Griffiths, Kevin Hughes, Sally Thorpe
It was thought that the Southern Ocean was relatively free of microplastic contamination; however, recent studies and citizen science projects in the Southern Ocean have reported microplastics in deep-sea sediments…Read more on Microplastics in the Antarctic marine system: an emerging area of research
1 November, 2017 by Michael Meredith
The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) displays high but variable productivity and is also undergoing rapid change. Long-term studies of phytoplankton communities and primary production have suggested transient limitation by the…1 November, 2017 by David Pearce, Katrin Linse
Recently discovered hydrothermal vents of the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) in the Southern Ocean host unique faunal communities that depend on microbial chemosynthetic primary production. These highly abundant invertebrates gain…1 November, 2017 by Dominic Hodgson, Peter Convey
Precise and sufficiently detailed morphological taxonomy is vital in biology, for example in the accurate interpretation of ecological and palaeoecological datasets, especially in polar regions, where biodiversity is poor. Testate…1 November, 2017 by Amelie Kirchgaessner, Andrew Orr, John King
We use model data from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS), measurements from automatic weather stations and satellite observations to investigate the association between surface energy balance (SEB), surface melt…1 November, 2017 by Katrin Linse
Recent genetic investigations have uncovered a high proportion of cryptic species within Antarctic polychaetes. It is likely that these evolved in isolation during periods of glaciation, and it is possible…1 November, 2017 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
The physics of ice sheet dynamics are presented, with an emphasis on the recently developed understanding of the marine ice sheet instability. The relationship between the shallow approximations to the…1 November, 2017 by Kira Rehfeld
Northeastern (NE) India experiences extraordinarily pronounced seasonal climate, governed by the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The vulnerability of this region to floods and droughts calls for detailed and highly resolved…1 November, 2017 by Eugene Murphy, Sally Thorpe
A dominant Antarctic ecological paradigm suggests that winter sea ice is generally the main feeding ground for krill larvae. Observations from our winter cruise to the southwest Atlantic sector of…