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Effects of temperature on heat-shock responses and survival of two species of marine invertebrates from sub-Antarctic Marion Island

1 April, 2014 by Lloyd Peck

This study examined high temperature survival and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) responses to temperature variation for two marine invertebrate species on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. The isopod Exosphaeroma gigas Leach…

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Experimental influence of pH on the early life-stages of sea urchins I: different rates of introduction give rise to different responses

1 April, 2014 by Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark

Many early life-stage response studies to ocean acidification utilize gametes/offspring obtained from ambient-sourced parents, which are then directly introduced to experimentally altered seawater pH. This approach may produce a stress…

Read more on Experimental influence of pH on the early life-stages of sea urchins I: different rates of introduction give rise to different responses

Foraging zones of the two sibling species of giant petrels in the Indian Ocean throughout the annual cycle: implication for their conservation

3 March, 2014 by Richard Phillips

We studied the year-round distribution and at-sea activity patterns of the sibling species, northern giant petrel Macronectes halli and southern giant petrel M. giganteus. Loggers combining light-based geolocators and immersion…

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Bycatch of great albatrosses in pelagic longline fisheries in the southwest Atlantic: Contributing factors and implications for management

1 March, 2014 by Richard Phillips

Pelagic longline fisheries in the southwest Atlantic are a major conservation concern for several threatened seabirds, including four species of great albatrosses: wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans), Tristan albatross (Diomedea dabbenena),…

Read more on Bycatch of great albatrosses in pelagic longline fisheries in the southwest Atlantic: Contributing factors and implications for management

Basal roughness of the Institute and Möller Ice Streams, West Antarctica: Process determination and landscape interpretation

12 February, 2014 by Fausto Ferraccioli, Hugh Corr, Tom Jordan

We present a detailed analysis of bed roughness beneath Institute and Möller Ice Streams, west Antarctica, using radio-echo sounding data (RES) acquired in the austral summer of 2010/11. We assess…

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Species versus guild level differentiation revealed across the annual cycle by isotopic niche examination

9 February, 2014 by Richard Phillips

Summary 1.Interspecific competitive interactions typically result in niche differentiation to alleviate competition through mechanisms including character displacement. However, competition is not the sole constraint on resource partitioning, and its effects…

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Love thy neighbour or opposites attract? Patterns of spatial segregation and association among crested penguin populations during winter

5 February, 2014 by Catharine Horswill, Hugh Venables, Iain Staniland, Norman Ratcliffe, Philip Trathan, Stacey Adlard

Competition for food among populations of closely related species and conspecifics that occur in both sympatry and parapatry can be reduced by interspecific and intraspecific spatial segregation. According to predictions…

Read more on Love thy neighbour or opposites attract? Patterns of spatial segregation and association among crested penguin populations during winter

Understanding controls on rapid ice-stream retreat during the last deglaciation of Marguerite Bay, Antarctica, using a numerical model

1 February, 2014 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand

Using a one-dimensional numerical model of ice-stream flow with robust grounding-line dynamics, we explore controls on paleo-ice-stream retreat in Marguerite Bay, Antarctica, during the last deglaciation. Landforms on the continental…

Read more on Understanding controls on rapid ice-stream retreat during the last deglaciation of Marguerite Bay, Antarctica, using a numerical model

Mechanistic modeling of sulfur-deprived photosynthesis and hydrogen production in suspensions of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

1 February, 2014 by Rosie Williams

The ability of unicellular green algal species such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to produce hydrogen gas via iron-hydrogenase is well known. However, the oxygen-sensitive hydrogenase is closely linked to the photosynthetic…

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Habitat-mediated population limitation in a colonial central-place forager: the sky is not the limit for the black-browed albatross

15 January, 2014 by Richard Phillips

Animal populations are frequently limited by the availability of food or of habitat. In central-place foragers, the cost of accessing these resources is distance-dependent rather than uniform in space. However,…

Read more on Habitat-mediated population limitation in a colonial central-place forager: the sky is not the limit for the black-browed albatross

Variability in transport pathways on and around the South Georgia shelf, Southern Ocean: Implications for recruitment and retention

15 January, 2014 by Eugene Murphy, Emma Young, Sally Thorpe

The waters around South Georgia are among the most productive in the Southern Ocean, with zooplankton populations close to the island, in particular Antarctic krill, supporting vast colonies of higher…

Read more on Variability in transport pathways on and around the South Georgia shelf, Southern Ocean: Implications for recruitment and retention

Seasonal sexual segregation by monomorphic sooty shearwaters Puffinus griseus reflects different reproductive roles during the pre-laying period

9 January, 2014 by Richard Phillips

Tracking technology has revolutionized knowledge of seabird movements; yet, few studies have examined sex differences in distribution and behavior of small to medium-sized, sexually-monomorphic seabirds. Application of bird-borne geolocation-immersion loggers…

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Boundary conditions of an active West Antarctic subglacial lake: implications for storage of water beneath the ice sheet

3 January, 2014 by Fausto Ferraccioli, Hugh Corr, Tom Jordan

Repeat-pass ICESat altimetry has revealed 124 discrete surface height changes across the Antarctic Ice Sheet, interpreted to be caused by subglacial lake discharges (surface lowering) and inputs (surface uplift). Few…

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Large-scale submarine landslides, channel and gully systems on the southern Weddell Sea margin, Antarctica

1 January, 2014 by Alexander Tate, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Philip Leat, Robert Larter

New multibeam bathymetric data from the southeastern Weddell Sea show significant differences in surface morphology of the outer continental shelf and slope between two adjacent cross-shelf troughs. These are the…

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Age-dependent expression of stress and antimicrobial genes in the hemocytes and siphon tissue of the Antarctic bivalve, Laternula elliptica, exposed to injury and starvation

1 January, 2014 by Melody Clark

Increasing temperatures and glacier melting at the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) are causing rapid changes in shallow coastal and shelf systems. Climate change-related rising water temperatures, enhanced ice scouring, as…

Read more on Age-dependent expression of stress and antimicrobial genes in the hemocytes and siphon tissue of the Antarctic bivalve, Laternula elliptica, exposed to injury and starvation

Examination of a physically based, high-resolution, distributed Arctic temperature-index melt model, on Midtre Lovénbreen, Svalbard

1 January, 2014

Improvements in our ability to model runoff from glaciers remain an important scientific goal. This paper describes a new temperature-radiation-index glacier melt model specifically enhanced for use in High-Arctic environments,…

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The terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate biodiversity of the archipelagoes of the Barents Sea; Svalbard, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya

1 January, 2014 by Elisabeth Biersma, Peter Convey

Arctic terrestrial ecosystems are generally considered to be species poor, fragile and often isolated. Nonetheless, their intricate complexity, especially that of the invertebrate component, is beginning to emerge. Attention has…

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Modelling of Kealey Ice Rise, Antarctica, reveals stable ice-flow conditions in East Ellsworth Land over the millennia

1 January, 2014 by Carlos Martin Garcia, Ed King, Hilmar Gudmundsson

Flow at ice divides, their shape, size and internal structure depend not only on local conditions, but also on the flow regimes and past histories of the surrounding ice masses.…

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Feeding and overwintering of Antarctic krill across its major habitats: The role of sea ice cover, water depth, and phytoplankton abundance

1 January, 2014 by Louise Ireland

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) were sampled in contrasting habitats: a seasonally ice-covered deep ocean (Lazarev Sea), ice-free shelves at their northern range (South Georgia) and the Antarctic Peninsula (Bransfield Strait),…

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