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Climate change: Devil in the detail
1 January, 2001 by David Vaughan, Gareth Marshall, John King, Robert Mulvaney
Global surface temperatures have increased by 0.6 � 0.2°C in the last century, but this warming has not been evenly distributed across the globe. Some regions, such as the Antarctic…A review of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica: hypotheses of instability vs. observations of change
1 January, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins, Andy Smith, David Vaughan, Hugh Corr
The Pine Island Glacier ice-drainage basin has been cited as the part of the West Antarctic ice sheet most prone to substantial retreat on human time-scales. Here we review the…Statistical physics of random searches
1 January, 2001 by Vsevolod Afanasyev
We apply the theory of random walks to quantitatively describe the general problem of how to search efficiently for randomly located objects that can only be detected in the limited…Lévy flights search patterns of biological organisms
1 January, 2001 by Vsevolod Afanasyev
We discuss recent findings suggesting that an inverse square probability density distribution P(ℓ)∼ℓ−2 of step lengths ℓ leads to an optimal random search strategy for organisms that can search efficiently…Read more on Lévy flights search patterns of biological organisms
Surface oceanography of the inferred hatching grounds of Illex argentinus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) and influences on recruitment variability
1 January, 2001 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse, Philip Trathan
In this study, we consider the influence of mesoscale oceanographic processes around the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) in the South-west Atlantic, during the period in which the commercial squid fishery…Remotely sensed mesoscale oceanography and the distribution of Illex argentinus in the South Atlantic
1 January, 2001 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse, Philip Trathan
In this study, we consider the influence of mesoscale oceanographic processes around the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) in the South-west Atlantic, during the period in which the commercial squid fishery…The deep-sea copepod fauna of the Southern Ocean: patterns and processes
1 January, 2001 by Peter Ward
In recent years, much attention has been paid to the Antarctic epipelagic fauna, as a result of the desire to increase our knowledge of ecosystem function and resource management. Unfortunately,…Read more on The deep-sea copepod fauna of the Southern Ocean: patterns and processes
Petrogenesis of the Cambrian Liv Group, a bimodal volcanic rock suite from the Ross orogen, Transantarctic Mountains
1 January, 2001 by Teal Riley
Cambrian volcanic rocks of the Liv Group, defined here as including the Wyatt, Ackerman, Taylor, Fairweather, and Leverett Formations, occur along the paleo-Pacific margin of Gondwana, in the Queen Maud…Comparison of VLF sferics intensities at Halley, Antarctica, with tropical lightning and temperature
1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
We compare measurements for 1998 of VLF sferics-generated noise power at Halley, Antarctica, with the predictions of the long wave noise prediction (LNP) noise model. We compare the highest-ranked predicted…Lightning atmospherics count rates observed at Halley, Antarctica
1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
Lightning is considered to be a sensitive indicator of global change in the troposphere. In this paper we report the first results from the lightningatmospherics (sferics) counter deployed as part…Read more on Lightning atmospherics count rates observed at Halley, Antarctica
Testing the SOC hypothesis for the magnetosphere
1 January, 2001 by Mervyn Freeman
As noted by Chang, the hypothesis of self-organised criticality provides a theoretical framework in which the low dimensionality seen in magnetospheric indices can be combined with the scaling seen in…Read more on Testing the SOC hypothesis for the magnetosphere
Ambiguities in determination of self-affinity in the AE-index time series
1 January, 2001 by Mervyn Freeman
The interaction between the Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind plasma results in a natural plasma confinement system which stores energy. Dissipation of this energy through Joule heating in…Read more on Ambiguities in determination of self-affinity in the AE-index time series
What can we infer about the underlying physics from burst distributions observed in an RMHD simulation?
1 January, 2001 by Mervyn Freeman
We determine that the sizes of bursts in mean-square current density in a reduced magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulation follow a power-law probability density function (PDF). The PDFs for burst durations and…Influence of environmental variability on breeding effort in a long-lived seabird, the yellow-nosed albatross
1 January, 2001
The provisioning parameters, breeding success, adult mass, and survival of yellow-nosed albatrosses were studied over 7 successive years at Amsterdam Island, southern Indian Ocean. We examined the ability of this…Water relations during desiccation of cysts of the potato-cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis
1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland
The loss during desiccation of osmotically active water (OAW), which freezes during cooling to -45 °C, and osmotically inactive water (OIW), which remains unfrozen, from the cysts of the potato…Authigenic smectite clay coats in CRP-3 drillcore, Victoria Land basin, Antarctica, as a possible indicator of fluid flow: a progress report
1 January, 2001
The presence of authigenic smectite in the lower Oligocene sandstones of the Cape Roberts Project core CRP-3 from the Victoria Land Basin of Antarctica is confirmed by scanning electron, scanning-transmission…Rapid cold hardening in Antarctic microarthropods
1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland, Peter Convey
1 Rapid cold hardening was examined in three common Antarctic microarthropods using differential scanning calorimetry over timescales between 3 and 30 h, under field and controlled laboratory conditions. 2 In…Read more on Rapid cold hardening in Antarctic microarthropods
The role of habitat structure for biomolecule integrity and microbial survival under extreme environmental stress in Antarctica (and Mars?): ecology and technology
1 January, 2001
The integrity of cells and biomolecules in stressed environments is enhanced within microhabitats. Despite desiccation and low temperatures in Antarctic deserts, the greatest near-surface factor is solar radiation. Photosynthetic microbial…Why astrobiology needs collaboration
1 January, 2001
Antarctic astrobiological research has benefited from the affiliation of the UK Astrobiology Forum (UKAF) to the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI). NAI funding of a miniature Raman spectrometer for the characterization…Brines in seepage channels as eluants for subsurface relict biomolecules on Mars?
1 January, 2001
Water, vital for life, not only maintains the integrity of structural and metabolic biomolecules, it also transports them in solution or colloidal suspension. Any flow of water through a dormant…Read more on Brines in seepage channels as eluants for subsurface relict biomolecules on Mars?
Estimating the abundance of Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides using baited cameras: a preliminary study
1 January, 2001 by Martin Collins
The Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides has been the object of a rapidly expanding longline fishery in the Southern Ocean. Little is known about the biology of D. eleginoides and traditional…A combined zircon SHRIMP and Sm-Nd isotope study of high-grade paragneisses from the Mid-German Crystalline Rise: evidence for northern Gondwanan and Grenvillian provenance
1 January, 2001
SHRIMP analyses of detrital zircon cores from high-grade metasediments from the Mid-German Crystalline Rise, which is situated between Eastern Avalonia in the NW and Saxo-Thuringia in the SE, yield mostly…Metamorphic evolution of garnet-epidote-biotite gneiss from the Moine Supergroup, Scotland, and geotectonic implications
1 January, 2001
Metapelitic gneisses from the Glenfinnan Group of the Moine Supergroup, Scotland, contain sparse large and numerous small garnets, associated with complex zoned epidote and plagioclase in a biotite matrix. The…Late Quaternary iceberg rafting along the Antarctic Peninsula continental rise and in the Weddell and Scotia Seas
1 January, 2001
Sediment cores from the continentalrise west of the AntarcticPeninsula and the northern Weddell and ScotiaSeas were investigated for their ice-rafted debris (IRD) content by lithofacies logging and counting of particles…The Ronne polynya of 1997/98: observations of air-ice-ocean interaction
1 January, 2001 by John King
The Ronne polynya formed in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, during the period November 1997-February 1998 to an extent not seen previously in the 25 years of all-weather satellite observations. The…Read more on The Ronne polynya of 1997/98: observations of air-ice-ocean interaction
A study on octopodids from the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica
1 January, 2001 by Paul Rodhouse
A comprehensive study of octopodids in the Weddell Sea was conducted during cruise ANT XIII/3 of RV "Polarstern". The study yielded eight species or incirrate octopodids, three of which were…Read more on A study on octopodids from the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica
The influence of parental relatedness on reproductive success
1 January, 2001
The relationship between fitness and parental similarity has been dominated by studies of how inbreeding depression lowers fecundity in incestuous matings. A widespread implicit assumption is that adult fitness (reproduction)…Read more on The influence of parental relatedness on reproductive success
Life cycles, oceanography and variability: ommastrephid squid in variable oceanographic environments
1 January, 2001 by Paul Rodhouse
Exploited populations of ommastrephidsquid are found under a wide range of oceanographic regimes. However, to date most scientific attention has focussed on those found in northern hemisphere western boundary current…Age, growth and population structure of the jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas in Peruvian waters
1 January, 2001 by Paul Rodhouse
Age, growth and populationstructure of the jumboflyingsquid, Dosidicusgigas, from the jig fishery in Peruvianwaters in 1992 were determined by reading daily increments in ground and polished sections of statoliths. The…Variation in maternal provisioning by lactating Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella): response to experimental manipulation in pup demand
1 January, 2001
An experiment involving the supplementary feeding of pups was conducted on Antarctic fur seals to investigate the factors influencing maternal foraging-attendance cycles and the differential use of nutritional resources for…Fasting metabolism in Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups
1 January, 2001
The metabolism of 52–73-day old Antarcticfursealpups from Bird Island, South Georgia, was investigated during fasting periods of normal duration while their mothers were at sea foraging. Body mass decreased exponentially…Read more on Fasting metabolism in Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups
A comparison between otoliths and scales for use in estimating the age of Dissostichus eleginoides from South Georgia
1 January, 2001
Age composition is fundamental to understanding the population dynamics and productivity of a fish stock. The use of scales to estimate age can result in large errors in age data…Ammonium regeneration by Antarctic mesozooplankton: an allometric approach
1 January, 2001
Given the importance of copepods in the Southern Ocean food web, there are few assessments of their N budgets or their role in regenerating N. In this study we measured…Read more on Ammonium regeneration by Antarctic mesozooplankton: an allometric approach
South Georgia, Antarctica: a productive, cold water pelagic ecosystem
1 January, 2001 by Peter Ward
The South Georgia region is characterised by high biomass and productivity of phytoplankton, zooplankton and vertebrate predators. Important commercial fisheries have been based at the island since the late 1700s,…Read more on South Georgia, Antarctica: a productive, cold water pelagic ecosystem
Effect of summer frost exposures on the cold tolerance strategy of a sub-Antarctic beetle
1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland, William Block
The sub-AntarcticbeetleHydromedion sparsutum (Coleoptera, Perimylopidae) is common locally on the island of South Georgia where sub-zero temperatures can be experienced in any month of the year. Larvae were known to…Evolution of the Scotia Sea region: relevance to broad-band seismology
1 January, 2001
This paper reports briefly an attempt to examine the tectonic evolution of the Scotia Sea region, in the context of the use of broad-band seismological techniques there. Such techniques can…Read more on Evolution of the Scotia Sea region: relevance to broad-band seismology
Scotia Sea regional tectonic evolution: implications for mantle flow and palaeocirculation
1 January, 2001
The ScotiaSea and surrounding Scotia Arc have evolved over the past 40 Ma, by extension behind an east-migrating subduction zone, at the boundary between the South American (SAM) and Antarctic…Competition, sub-lethal mortality and diversity on Southern Ocean coastal rock communities
1 January, 2001 by Rod Arnold
Overgrowth competition, sub-lethal mortality (some zooids killed but colony survives) and subsequent growth from fragments, and diversity of communities encrusting rocks (pebble through to boulder size) were examined from five…Ecology of subtropical hermit crabs in S.W. Madagascar: cluster structure and function
1 January, 2001 by Rod Arnold
The Madagascar coast (both) has a higher density and diversity of hermit crabs than is known from any other localiy in the western Indian Ocean. Of the 20 species occurring…Read more on Ecology of subtropical hermit crabs in S.W. Madagascar: cluster structure and function
A growth cline in encrusting benthos along a latitudinal gradient within Antarctic waters
1 January, 2001 by Rod Arnold
Growth and mortality of 3 species (Inversiula nutrix, Celleporella bougainvillei, Fenestrulina rugula) of encrusting bryozoans were examined from 5 Antarctic localities, along a latitudinal gradient. Typically, growth in marine invertebrates…Experimental studies on cold survival of enchytraeid cocoons
1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland, William Block
The effect of different culture methods, cold acclimation and desiccation on the supercooling point (SCP), the melting point (MP) of fluids and the quantity of water freezing (osmotically active water)…Read more on Experimental studies on cold survival of enchytraeid cocoons
Annual variation in great skua diets: the importance of commercial fisheries and predation on seabirds revealed by combining dietary analyses
1 January, 2001 by Richard Phillips
This study combines conventional dietary assessment with stable isotope techniques to describe Great Skua (Stercorarius skua) diet. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in feathers of Great Skua chicks collected…Initial observations of mesospheric winds using IDI radar measurements at the Bear Lake Observatory
1 January, 2001
The adaptation of Imaging Doppler Interferometry (IDI) to the dynasonde deployed at the Bear Lake Observatory (41.9°N, 111.4°W) in northeastern Utah enables the routine measurement of mesospheric dynamics. Influenced by…Provisioning rate and attendance patterns of wandering albatrosses at Bird Island, South Georgia
1 January, 2001
We investigated foraging behavior of Wandering Albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) breeding at South Georgia to assess how sex and season-specific foraging patterns relate to provisioning performance. We estimated Wandering Albatross chicks…Seasonal and long-term variation in body-water content of an Antarctic springtail – a response to climate change?
1 January, 2001 by Peter Convey, William Block
Body-water content of field-fresh samples of the springtail, Cryptopygus antarcticus Willem (Collembola, Isotomidae) was measured at monthly intervals over 11 years (1984–1995) at Signy Island, in the maritime Antarctic. A…Experimental studies of ice nucleation in an Antarctic springtail (Collembola, Isotomidae)
1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland, William Block
Ice nucleation was studied in field-fresh and acclimated (4°C without food for 11–20 days) samples of the springtail Cryptopygus antarcticus Willem (Collembola, Isotomidae) at Rothera Research Station, Adelaide Island on…Measurement of ocean temperatures using instruments carried by Antarctic fur seals
1 January, 2001 by Iain Staniland
The study aimed to test the utility of instruments deployed on marine mammals for measuring physical oceanographic variation and, using this method, to examine temperature variation in the coastal waters…Read more on Measurement of ocean temperatures using instruments carried by Antarctic fur seals
Monitoring a marine ecosystem using responses of upper trophic level predators
1 January, 2001
1 This study examined the changing status of the marine ecosystem at the island of South Georgia (Southern Ocean) using up to 27 variables measured over 22 years from three…Read more on Monitoring a marine ecosystem using responses of upper trophic level predators
Acoustic observations of jellyfish in the Namibian Benguela
1 January, 2001
Multi-frequency acoustic data (18, 38 and 120 kHz) were collected in conjunction with pelagic trawl sampling for gelatinous macrozooplankton during a cruise to the Namibian Benguela in September 1999. Sampling…Read more on Acoustic observations of jellyfish in the Namibian Benguela
Diving depths of northern gannets: acoustic observations of Sula bassana from an autonomous underwater vehicle
1 January, 2001
The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Autosub-1 made observations of the sea surface with an upward-looking echosounder during fish surveys in the vicinity of Shetland and Orkney (North Sea) in July…Seasonality of feeding and nutritional status during the austral winter in the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri
1 January, 2001 by Andrew Clarke
The seasonal pattern of food intake and tissue energy status was measured over a 2 year period for two populations of the common Antarctic echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri living on contrasting…The seasonal energetics of the Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica (King and Broderip) at Rothera Point, Adelaide Island
1 January, 2001
Seasonal changes in feeding activity, metabolic rate and major tissue energy concentrations of the infaunal bivalve Laternula elliptica were monitored over a 12 degrees month period in relation to phytoplankton…The relative influence of temperature and food on the metabolism of a marine invertebrate
1 January, 2001 by Andrew Clarke
Many benthic marine invertebrates exhibit a seasonal cycle in activities such as feeding, growth and reproduction. In temperate regions, this seasonality is typically correlated with coincident cycles in photoperiod, temperature…Seasonality of respiration and ammonium excretion in the Antarctic echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri
1 January, 2001 by Lloyd Peck
Oxygen consumption (MO2) and ammonium excretion rates were recorded monthly over 2 yr for the regular Antarctic echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri to investigate metabolic activity in relation to seasonal food limitation…Enhanced magma supply at the southern East Scotia Ridge: evidence for mantle flow around the subducting slab?
1 January, 2001
Bathymetric and seismic data show that the southernmost segment of the EastScotia Ridge (segment E9) is anomalous in its curved plan form, and in the presence of a large axial…Global relationships amongst black-browed and grey-headed albatrosses: analysis of population structure using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites
1 January, 2001
The population structure of black-browed (Thalassarche melanophris and T. impavida) and grey-headed (T. chrysostoma) albatrosses was examined using both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite analyses. mtDNA sequences from 73 black-browed…Recent aqueous environments in Martian impact craters: an astrobiological perspective
1 January, 2001
The discovery of gullies and debris aprons raises the question of the existence of aqueousenvironments on Mars in recent geological times and its astrobiological implications. Three cases of such environments…Read more on Recent aqueous environments in Martian impact craters: an astrobiological perspective
Early Oligocene Nothofagus from CRP-3, Antarctica: implications for the vegetation history
1 January, 2001
A single fossil leaf of Nothofagus from CRP-3 drillhole in the Victoria Land Basin provides further evidence for woody vegetation in the Tertiary of East Antarctica. The plicate vernation of…Cretaceous (Late Albian) coniferales of Alexander Island, Antarctica. 2. Leaves, reproductive structures and roots
1 January, 2001
Coniferous foliage from the Albian of AlexanderIsland, Antarctica, is assigned to the Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, and Taxodiaceae based on attached or associated fertile remains. Araucarian foliage represented by Araucaria alexandrensis sp.…The study of bulk plasma motions and associated electric fields in the plasmasphere by means of whistler-mode signals
1 January, 2001
Whistler-mode waves propagating to ground stations along geomagnetic-field-aligned paths provide powerful tools for investigating bulk motions of the magnetospheric plasma and thus the corresponding convection electric fields. Natural whistlers from…Involvement of the Argentine Precordillera terrane in the Famatinian mobile belt: U-Pb SHRIMP and metamorphic evidence from the Sierra de Pie de Palo
1 January, 2001
New data suggest that the eastern margin of the Argentine Precordillera terrane comprises Grenvillian basement and a sedimentary cover derived from it that were together affected by Middle Ordovician deformation…Evaluation of turbulent surface flux parameterizations for the stable surface layer over Halley, Antarctica
1 January, 2001 by John King
Calculated surface fluxes from seven surface layer parameterizations are verified against 45 months of observations from Halley, Antarctica, with a temporal resolution of 1 h. The surface layer parameterizations are…Study of volcano/ice interactions gains momentum
1 January, 2001
Observations of recent volcanic eruptions in Iceland and detailed studies of sub-glacially erupted deposits and the interaction of lava and pyroclastic flows with snow and ice have provided important new…Read more on Study of volcano/ice interactions gains momentum
Signatures of dual scaling regimes in a simple avalanche model for magnetospheric activity
1 January, 2001
Recently, the paradigm that the dynamic magnetosphere displays sandpile-type phenomenology has been advanced, in which energy dissipation is by means of avalanches which do not have an intrinsic scale. This…Avalanching and self organised criticality, a paradigm for geomagnetic activity?
1 January, 2001
The characterization of global energy storage and release in the coupled solar wind-magnetosphere system remains one of the fundamental problems of space physics. Recently, it has been realised that a…Read more on Avalanching and self organised criticality, a paradigm for geomagnetic activity?
The response of the HF radar spectral width boundary to a switch in the IMF By direction: ionospheric consequences of transient dayside reconnection?
1 January, 2001 by Gareth Chisham, Michael Pinnock
In the high-latitude dayside ionosphere, the movement of the HF radar spectral width boundary (SWB) provides a good proxy for the movement of the open-closed field line boundary around magnetic…Hydrothermal plumes above the East Scotia Ridge: an isolated high-latitude back-arc spreading centre
30 December, 2000
We have identified first evidence for the presence of submarine hydrothermal activity along the East Scotia Ridge an isolated back-arc spreading centre located at 55–60°S in the Atlantic sector of…Antarctic digital database, version 3.0. Database, manual and bibliography
1 July, 2000
Copyright © Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, 2000Read more on Antarctic digital database, version 3.0. Database, manual and bibliography
The temporal evolution of electron distributions and associated wave activity following substorm injections in the inner magnetosphere
1 June, 2000 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
The temporal evolution of electron distributions and associated wave activity following substorm injections in the inner magnetosphere are investigated using data from the CRRES satellite. Equatorial electron distributions and concomitant…Krill: biology, ecology and fisheries
1 January, 2000
Krill, or euphausiids, a group of immense importance in marine ecosystems, comprises over 80 species, most of which are planktonic. Krill are widespread with species to be found in all…Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of weighting regimes in reducing seabird by-catch in the longline toothfish fishery around South Georgia
1 January, 2000
A series of experiments was carried out in February 1999 at South Georgia (Subarea 48.3) to examine the effects of different weighting regimes on the incidental mortality of birds caught…Identification of the low-altitude cusp by Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radars: A physical explanation for the empirically derived signature
1 January, 2000 by Michael Pinnock
The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars are proving to be a very powerful experimental tool for exploring solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions. They measure the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the…Burrowing in the Antarctic anemone, Halcampoides sp., from Signy Island, Antarctica
1 January, 2000 by Lloyd Peck
Antarctic anemones of the genus Halcampoides inhabit low intertidal and shallow subtidal zones. They readily burrow into soft sediments following disturbance. The process of re-burying was recorded using time-lapse video…Read more on Burrowing in the Antarctic anemone, Halcampoides sp., from Signy Island, Antarctica
Zonal distribution and seasonal vertical migration of copepod assemblages in the Scotia Sea
1 January, 2000
Large, biomass-dominant Southern Ocean copepod species have been much studied, but small and mesopelagic species also play major rôles in these ecosystems. However, little is known of some basic aspects…Ammonium excretion by Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at South Georgia
1 January, 2000
Excretion by Antarctic krill Euphausia superba (hereafter ‘‘krill’’) is measured typically in small containers of filtered seawater for 12–24 h, which may cause a reduction of swimming, feeding, and metabolism.…Read more on Ammonium excretion by Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at South Georgia
A magnetotelluric model of the Mana Pools basin, northern Zimbabwe
1 January, 2000
The Mana Pools sedimentary basin lies within the Zambezi mobile belt in northern Zimbabwe. New and preexisting magnetotelluric data and the available seismic reflection data are used to constrain the…Read more on A magnetotelluric model of the Mana Pools basin, northern Zimbabwe