Found 14112 items
1 January, 2005 by Michael Pinnock
Earthward injections of energetic ions and electrons mark the onset of magnetospheric substorms. In the inner magnetosphere (L~4), the energetic ions drift westward and the electrons eastward, thereby enhancing the…1 January, 2005
The MODVOLC satellite monitoring system has revealed the first recorded eruption of Mount Belinda volcano, on Montagu Island in the remote South Sandwich Islands. Here we present some initial qualitative…1 January, 2005 by David Pearce
In this study, variation in the bacterioplankton community structure of three Antarctic lakes of different nutrient status, was determined in relation to physical and chemical gradients at depth and at…1 January, 2005 by David Pearce, Kevin Newsham
Nutrient enrichment is known to increase bacterioplankton population density in a variety of Antarctic freshwater lakes. However, relatively little is known about the associated changes in species composition. In this…1 January, 2005 by Lloyd Peck
Organisms have a limited number of responses that enhance survival in changing environments. They can: 1. Cope within existing physiological flexibility; 2. Adapt to changing conditions; or 3. Migrate to…1 January, 2005 by Lloyd Peck
Maritime Antarctic freshwater habitats are amongst the fastest changing environments on Earth. Temperatures have risen around 1°C and ice cover has dramatically decreased in 15 years. Few animal species inhabit…Read more on Prospects for surviving climate change in Antarctic aquatic species
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes, Lloyd Peck
The ice gouged, shallow, polar seabed is a challenging place to live, but suspension feeders are particularly rich and abundant there. The extreme seasonality of food supply from phytoplankton at…1 January, 2005 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark, Peter Convey
Biological research in Antarctica has made considerable progress in science over recent decades. As little as 50 years ago, there was scant knowledge even of the species inhabiting the region.…1 January, 2005 by Lloyd Peck
The size of an organism is of fundamental importance in all biological processes. It dictates many of the critical interactions and physical factors that delimit the envelope within which an…Read more on Limitation of size by hypoxia in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster
1 January, 2005 by Janet Silk, Richard Phillips
Foraging and provisioning strategies of the light-mantled sooty albatross (LMSA) Phoebetria palpebrata were studied during chick-rearing at Bird Island, South Georgia, in January to May 2003. Virtually all trips of…1 January, 2005 by Janet Silk, Richard Phillips, Vsevolod Afanasyev
Many birds show a surprising degree of intraspecific variability in migratory tendency and choice of wintering site. In this study, we tracked the seasonal movements of 35 nonbreeding Black-browed Albatrosses…1 January, 2005 by Geraint Tarling, Peter Ward
We investigated the relationship between nutritional condition (levels of specific fatty acids) and growth increment (percentage growth per intermoult period, percentage IMP-1) for Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) collected from the…Read more on Diatom fatty acid biomarkers indicate growth rates in Antarctic krill
1 January, 2005
Fossil wood is abundant throughout the Cretaceous and Tertiary sequences of the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. The fossil wood represents the remains of the vegetation that once grew at the…1 January, 2005
No abstract availableRead more on Exploring subglacial Antarctic lake environments
1 January, 2005 by Hamish Pritchard
We have measured the surface flow rate of the large east Greenland glacier, Sortebræ, through both the initiation and termination of a major surge using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) feature…1 January, 2005
The concept of the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007–2008 is of an intensive burst of internationally coordinated, interdisciplinary, scientific research and observations focused on the Earth's Polar Regions. The research…1 January, 2005
Continuous flow analysis (CFA) has become a popular measuring technique for obtaining high-resolution chemical ice core records due to an attractive combination of measuring speed and resolution. However, when analyzing…1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
Plankton samples collected in November 2002, February, May and August 2003 were used to examine seasonal variation in tidal exchange of zooplankton biomass, abundance and species composition between Lough Hyne…Read more on Tidal exchange of zooplankton between Lough Hyne and the adjacent coast
1 January, 2005 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
The influence of basal disturbances on the steady state surface topography and on surface velocities of glaciers and ice sheets is investigated numerically. This is done for finite amplitude basal…1 January, 2005 by Robert Mulvaney
Four halons (H-1301, H-1211, H-2402 and H-1202) have been measured in air samples collected from polar firn from Dome Concordia (Dome C), Antarctica, from Devon Island, Canada and the North…Read more on Trends of halon gases in polar firn air: implications for their emission distributions
1 January, 2005 by Eugene Murphy
The utility of upper-trophic-level species as ecosystem indicators is determined by our ability to relate changes in indices of their performance to changes at lower trophic levels. Such relationships were…1 January, 2005 by Jaume Forcada
Rates of pup production and causes of pup mortality, recorded in a designated study colony on Bird Island, South Georgia, from 1989 to 2003, were used to evaluate the factors…1 January, 2005 by Martin Collins, Simeon Hill
The mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari Lönnberg is an important component of the ecosystem at South Georgia. Its diet is dominated by Antarctic krill Euphausia superba; in turn, it is also…1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe
Eleven vertical profiles of stratospheric NO3 have been obtained since 1992 using the AMON and SALOMON balloon-borne UV-visible spectrometers. The measurements are compared to the SLIMCAT 3D model and calculations…1 January, 2005 by Andrew Clarke, Alistair Crame
Large-scale biogeographic patterns in marine systems are considerably less well documented and understood than those in terrestrial systems. Here, we synthesize recent evidence on latitudinal and bathymetric gradients of species…1 January, 2005 by Teal Riley
Teal Riley has been digging around in the geological record to find out more about what causes supervolcanoes to erupt.1 January, 2005 by Philip Leat, Teal Riley
A suite of dolerite dykes from the Ahlmannryggen region of western Dronning Maud Land (Antarctica) forms part of the much more extensive Karoo igneous province of southern Africa. The dyke…1 January, 2005 by Mark Clilverd
In this study we examine energetic electron precipitation fluxes driven by lightning, in order to determine the global distribution of energy deposited into the middle atmosphere. Previous studies using lightning-driven…1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe, Jonathan Shanklin, Steve Colwell
Many long-term monitoring sites in Antarctic regions, which deploy ground-based stratospheric remote sensors and fly radiosondes or ozonesondes on balloons, supported the Airborne Polar Experiment in September and October 1999.…Read more on Measurements from ground and balloons during APE-GAIA – A polar ozone library
1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe, Jonathan Shanklin, Steve Colwell
In late September 2002, the Antarctic ozone hole was seen to split into two parts, resulting in large increases in ozone at some stations and the potential for significant modification…1 January, 2005 by Mark Clilverd, Michael Rose
We describe a new polar mesosphere summer echo (PMSE) radar system implementation that uses a snow-buried antenna operated with the dynasonde at Halley, Antarctica (76°S), the highest southern latitude at…Read more on Polar mesosphere summer echo detection using a dynasonde
1 January, 2005
Approaches to modelling gene regulation networks can be categorized, according to increasing detail, as network parts lists, network topology models, network control logic models, or dynamic models. We discuss the…Read more on Modelling gene networks at different organisational levels
1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson
Cyanobacteria are the dominant phototrophs in Antarctic biota where they form conspicuous microbial mats at the bottom of lakes and ponds. In the frame of the OSTC project LAQUAN (EV/12/1B),…Read more on Which cyanobacterial genotypes are observed in microbial mats of Antarctic lakes?
1 January, 2005 by William Block
The encapsulation-dehydration cryopreservation protocol is critically dependent upon the evaporative desiccation step, which must optimise survival with the retention of glass stability on sample cooling and rewarming. Desiccation is usually…1 January, 2005 by Geraint Tarling, Jonathan Watkins, Peter Ward
Antarctic krill are often described as the major species in Southern Ocean food webs, but there have been no direct site-specific comparisons between their production and that of copepods that…1 January, 2005 by Geraint Tarling
1. Megaplanktivores such as filter-feeding sharks and baleen whales are at the apex of a short food chain (phytoplankton–zooplankton–vertebrate) and are sensitive indicators of sea-surface plankton availability. Even though they…1 January, 2005 by Andy Smith
No abstract available for this article. Text not available online.Read more on Exploring with explosions: looking beneath the Antarctic ice sheet with seismic surveys
1 January, 2005
Deception Island is one of the most volcanically active sites south of 60°S. Between 1967 and 1970 three major eruptions devastated large expanses of the landscape and its predominantly cryptogamic…Read more on The bryophyte flora of geothermal habitats on Deception Island, Antarctica
1 January, 2005
Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands is one of the most volcanically active sites south of 60°S. Between 1967 and 1970 three major eruptions devastated large expanses of the…1 January, 2005
A comparison is made of the bryophyte floras of two small maritime Antarctic islands lying at similar latitudes and with similar climates and glacial topographies, but differing markedly in their…Read more on Bryophyte diversity and ecology of two geologically contrasting Antarctic islands
1 January, 2005
Peltigera didactyla (With.) J. R. Laundon has a cosmopolitan distribution, but in the Antarctic it is very restricted and is nowhere common or abundant, occurring at a number of sites…1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson
A sediment core from Progress Lake, one of the oldest lacustrine sequences in East Antarctica, contains distinct zones dating from a previous interglacial (most likely Marine Isotope Stage 5e, c.…1 January, 2005 by Kevin Hughes
Aims: To identify native Antarctic bacteria capable of oil degradation at low temperatures. Methods and Results: Oil contaminated and pristine soils from Signy Island (South Orkney Islands, Antarctica) were examined…1 January, 2005 by Iain Staniland
We compared the use of fatty acid signature analysis with results from traditional faecal methods using milk samples and enemas concurrently collected from 8 female Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella…1 January, 2005 by Iain Staniland
1 January, 2005
The depletion of shallow-water fish stocks through overexploitation has led to increasing fishing pressure on deep-sea species. Poor knowledge of the biology of commercially valuable deep-water fish has led to…1 January, 2005 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Robert Larter
Environmental conditions fostering marine communities around Antarctica differ fundamentally from those in the rest of the world's oceans, particularly in terms of pronounced climatic fluctuations and extreme cold. Here, we…Read more on On the origin of Antarctic marine benthic community structure
1 January, 2005
One hundred years of geological research in and around Antarctica since Scott's Discovery expedition of 1901-1904 have seen the continent move from a great unknown at the margins of human…1 January, 2005 by Mark Clilverd
On 4 November 2003, the largest solar flare ever recorded saturated the GOES satellite X-ray detectors, making an assessment of its size difficult. However, VLF radio phase advances effectively recorded…Read more on Large solar flares and their ionospheric D region enhancements
1 January, 2005 by Richard Horne
Energetic electrons in the outer radiation belt can resonate with intense bursts of whistler-mode chorus emission leading to microburst precipitation into the atmosphere. The timescale for removal of outer zone…Read more on Timescale for MeV electron microburst loss during geomagnetic storms
1 January, 2005 by Sally Thorpe
A comparison between hydrographic observations and output from two realistically forced z-level global ocean circulation models (OCCAM and POCM_4C) in the Scotia Sea, South Atlantic, is described. The study region…1 January, 2005 by Fausto Ferraccioli
We present evidence for melting at the base of the ice that overlies Lake Concordia, an 800 km2 subglacial lake near Dome Concordia, East Antarctica, via a combination of glaciohydraulic…Read more on Influx of meltwater to subglacial Lake Concordia, East Antarctica
1 January, 2005 by Jaume Forcada
Here we assessed retinoids as biomarkers of contaminant exposure by studying whether the sex, age, lipid content and organochlorine concentrations of bottlenose dolphins induced variation in retinoid status and its…1 January, 2005 by John Turner
Abstract and full text of this article are not available online.Read more on Aspects of modern Antarctic meteorology and climatology
1 January, 2005 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Steve Colwell, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
The Reference Antarctic Data for Environmental Research (READER) project data set of monthly mean Antarctic near-surface temperature, mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) and wind speed has been used to investigate trends…Read more on Antarctic climate change during the last 50 years
1 January, 2005 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Steve Colwell, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
In situ observations of precipitation days (days when snow or rain was reported in routine synoptic observations) from Faraday/Vernadsky station on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula, and fields…1 January, 2005 by Mark Belchier
During the past decade, quantification of the pigment lipofuscin in the olfactory lobe cell masses (OLCM) has been successfully used for age determination of crustaceans. The aim of the current…1 January, 2005
The Lower Cambrian Pardailhan Formation of the Montagne Noire (Southern France) has yielded a diverse fossil assemblage including bivalved arthropods (the bradoriids Monceretia erisylvia gen. et sp. nov., Cambria danvizcainia…Read more on New Early Cambrian bivalved arthropods from southern France
1 January, 2005 by Philip Leat
The process of terrane accretion is vital to the understanding of the formation of continental crust. Accretionary orogens affect over half of the globe and have a distinctively different evolution…Read more on Terrane processes at the margins of Gondwana: introduction
1 January, 2005 by Philip Leat
A review of evidence for deformation and terrane accretion on the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic margins of Pangea and the mid-Cretaceous margins of the palaeo-Pacific ocean shows that deformation was global…1 January, 2005 by David Vaughan
No abstract available for this article.Read more on How does the Antarctic ice sheet affect sea level rise?
1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson
We present a relative sea-level (RSL) history, constrained by AMS radiocarbon-dated marine–freshwater transitions in isolation basins from a site adjacent to the Lambert Glacier, East Antarctica. The RSL data suggest…1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson
Late Holocene changes in the ultraviolet radiation (UVR) penetration in a lake in the Larsemann Hills (East Antarctica) were reconstructed using sediment core proxies based on fossil pigments (scytonemins and…1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
Mass mortality of echinoids is well documented, and has potentially profound effects on benthic communities. However, no study to date has quantitatively investigated how regular, predictable events such as winter…1 January, 2005 by Mark Clilverd
We have studied the short-term effect of the October–November 2003 series of solar proton events on the middle atmosphere. Using the proton flux measurements from the GOES–11 satellite as input,…1 January, 2005 by Roger Worland
Raman spectra have been obtained for extremophiles from several geological environments; selected examples have been taken from hot and cold deserts comprising psychrophiles, thermophiles and halophiles. The purpose of this…1 January, 2005
Historical perspectives have shown how several scientific disciplines have developed their Antarctic component over the last century. Antarctic science has changed from a secondary activity of privately organised expeditions by…Read more on Antarctica and the global jigsaw – a centennial perspective
1 January, 2005
We are embarked on a decade of celebrations of the national expeditions of what is now termed the Heroic Age. Exploring the Antarctic – the great unknown continent – a…Read more on Exploring Antarctica – a centennial perspective. (Editorial).
1 January, 2005
The joint inspection report by Australia, Peru and the United Kingdom, presented at the last ATCM in Stockholm, contained an unusual recommendation. On the basis of the science that they…1 January, 2005
Recently hearing Fred Singer from the USA lecture on what he perceives to be the uncritical ways in which global change has been attributed to anthropogenic effects reminded me of…1 January, 2005 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse
Dosidicus gigas (the Jumbo flying squid) supports a major fishery in the Eastern Pacific. The commercial fishery consists of a multinational jigging fleet, and the emission of light from these…1 January, 2005 by Jonathan Watkins, Michael Meredith, Peter Ward
During Austral summer 2001/02 the spatial distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities and associated production processes were investigated in waters to the north of the island of South Georgia. Nearest…1 January, 2005 by Mervyn Freeman
Mandelbrot introduced the concept of fractals to describe the non-Euclidean shape of many aspects of the natural world. In the time series context, he proposed the use of fractional Brownian…1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
Deployment of processed natural substrata is a common method of investigating early settlement and recruitment processes, but has been under-utilised as a multi-depth method for barnacle study and analysis. Replicate,…1 January, 2005
The Jurassic Latady Basin (southern Antarctic Peninsula) developed in a broad rift zone associated with the early stages of Gondwana extension. Early Jurassic sedimentation (~185 Ma) occurred in small, isolated…1 January, 2005 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Sea surface temperature (SST) estimates using the δ18O composition of fossil planktonic foraminifer calcite, within the time slice 3.12 to 3.05 Ma (Pliocene, Kaena Subchron – C2An1r) are assessed for…1 January, 2005 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
This study examines the efficacy of published δ18O data from the calcite of Late Miocene surface dwelling planktonic foraminifer shells, for sea surface temperature estimates for the pre-Quaternary. The data…1 January, 2005
The Ballagan Formation (Late Tournaisian–Early Viséan) of central Scotland yields an ostracod fauna of 14 species in ten genera, namely Beyrichiopsis, Cavellina, Glyptolichvinella, Glyptopleura, Knoxiella, Paraparchites, Sansabella, Shemonaella, Silenites and…1 January, 2005
The study of biological systems has been revolutionized by the use of genomic technologies. Most of the knowledge gathered over the last few years refers to terrestrial models. The study…1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation liquid chromatography/multistage mass spectrometry (APCI-LC/MSn) provides a rapid, on-line method for the assignment of individual bacteriophaeophorbide c and d methyl esters (BPMEs) in complex mixtures. The…1 January, 2005 by Eric Wolff
The models and concepts used to predict future climate are based on physical laws and information obtained from observations of the past. New paleoclimate records are crucial for a test…Read more on Modeling past atmospheric CO2: results of a challenge
1 January, 2005 by Eric Wolff
Studying ice chemistry may not sound very exciting - after all, isn't ice just frozen water? Almost true, but glaciers and ice sheets, along with snow, contain traces of everything…1 January, 2005 by Eric Wolff
Antarctic ice cores have become a unique and powerful resource for studies of climate change. They contain information on past climate, on forcing factors such as greenhouse gas concentrations, and…Read more on Understanding the past – climate history from Antarctica
1 January, 2005 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
Replicate ice cores have been drilled about 10 m apart for the top 790 m of the ice sheet at Dome C, Antarctica. This provides an opportunity to examine inter-core…1 January, 2005 by Roger Worland
Effects of 12 biotic and abiotic factors on the freezing point of the sub-Antarctic springtail, Tullbergia antarctica, were investigated. Repeated cooling of individual springtails five times resulted in very similar…Read more on Factors that influence freezing in the sub-Antarctic springtail Tullbergia antarctica
1 January, 2005
Albatrosses and petrels (Procellariiformes) are a group of pelagic seabird species that exhibit a wide range in body mass and some degree of sexual dimorphism (Warham 1990; Croxall 1995). Within…