Showing 13481 items
1 January, 2006
Naturally occurring microbial communities are complex, with autotrophs and heterotrophs often similarly sized and impossible to separate by conventional size fractionation approaches. However, if it was possible to identify specific…1 January, 2006 by Andrew Clarke
Through functional analyses, integrative physiology is able to link molecular biology with ecology as well as evolutionary biology and is thereby expected to provide access to the evolution of molecular,…Read more on Trade-offs in thermal adaptation: the need for a molecular to ecological integration
1 January, 2006 by Lloyd Peck
Understanding thermal limits and the ability of species to cope with changing temperatures is crucial for a cause and effect understanding of climate effects on organisms and ecosystems. Data available…1 January, 2006 by Martin Collins
The oceanic abyss (depths greater than 3000 m), one of the largest environments on the planet, is characterized by absence of solar light, high pressures and remoteness from surface food…Read more on The absence of sharks from abyssal regions of the world’s oceans
1 January, 2006
A detailed record of late Pleistocene deglaciation followed by mid-Holocene ice shelf breakup and late Holocene re-growth is contained in continental shelf sediments in the northern Larsen area, northeast Antarctic…1 January, 2006 by Peter Convey
The molecular weight distributions and hydrolysable neutral sugar composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was investigated in four maritime Antarctic lakes on Signy Island of different trophic status; Heywood Lake…1 January, 2006
British Antarctic Survey director Chris Rapley (above) first conceived the idea of an International Polar Year back in early 2003. It has now grown into the world’s largest coordinated science…1 January, 2006 by Iain Staniland
The spatial and temporal variability in the fish component of the diet of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875)) in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean was examined…1 January, 2006
Observations from a novel autonomous Doppler sodar wind profiling system are described and analysed. These include the first continuous wintertime soundings of katabatic winds over Antarctica - a continent with…Read more on Profiles of katabatic flows in summer and winter over Coats Land, Antarctica
1 January, 2006 by Philip Leat, Teal Riley
A suite of mafic dykes from the Underberg region of southern KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) were intruded at 178 Ma, coincident in age with the major Okavango Dyke Swarm of Botswana,…Read more on Overlap of Karoo and Ferrar magma types in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
1 January, 2006 by David Vaughan, Hugh Corr
The East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) is the largest reservoir of ice on the planet by an order of magnitude. Compared with the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS), it is…Read more on Switch-off of a major enhanced ice flow unit in East Antarctica
1 January, 2006 by David Vaughan, Hugh Corr
Radio-echo sounding data are used to investigate bed roughness beneath the three enhanced-flow tributaries of Slessor Glacier, East Antarctica. Slow-moving inter-tributary areas are found to have rough beds, while the…Read more on Basal conditions beneath enhanced-flow tributaries of Slessor Glacier, East Antarctica
1 January, 2006 by Mark Clilverd
High altitude nuclear explosions (HANEs) and geomagnetic storms can produce large scale injections of relativistic particles into the inner radiation belts. It is recognised that these large increases in >1…Read more on The atmospheric implications of radiation belt remediation
1 January, 2006 by Mark Clilverd
Solar proton events (SPE) are major, though infrequent, space weather phenomena that can produce hazardous effects in the near-Earth space environment. A detailed understanding of their effects depends upon knowledge…Read more on Dynamic geomagnetic rigidity cutoff variations during a solar proton event
1 January, 2006 by Elaine Fitzcharles, Mark Belchier, Simon Morley
The genetic structure of Patagonian toothfish populations in the Atlantic and western Indian Ocean Sectors of the Southern Ocean (SO) were analysed using partial sequences of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA…1 January, 2006 by Gareth Marshall, Howard Roscoe, John King
Stratospheric change associated with the Antarctic ozone hole is clearly implicated in changing surface climate near 65°S in late summer, in both measurements and models, via downward propagation of height…1 January, 2006 by Howard Roscoe
The Brewer–Dobson circulation brings tropospheric air, accompanied by CFCs and greenhouse gases, into the stratosphere. Many models predict an increased circulation associated with an increase in greenhouse gases, such as…Read more on The Brewer–Dobson circulation in the stratosphere and mesosphere – Is there a trend?
1 January, 2006 by Howard Roscoe
The Royal Society expedition to Antarctica established a base at Halley Bay, in support of the International Geophysical Year of 1957–1958. Surface ozone was measured during 1958 only, using a…1 January, 2006 by Gareth Marshall
Precipitation delivery mechanisms for Dolleman Island (DI), located off the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, are investigated using reanalysis and back trajectory data. The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and…1 January, 2006 by Robert Larter
Seismic reflection profiles, bathymetric and magnetic data collected along and across the continental margin of the Bellingshausen Sea provide new constraints and interpretations of the oceanic basement structure and Cenozoic…1 January, 2006
The bivalve Adamussium colbecki is an endemic Antarctic pectinid that can be locally abundant in nearshore habitats, sometimes as the dominant species. However, its distribution around the Antarctic continent is…1 January, 2006
Approaches to describe gene regulation networks can be categorized by increasing detail, as network parts lists, network topology models, network control logic models or dynamic models. We discuss the current…1 January, 2006
We studied the diet of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, at five stations across the southwest Atlantic sector in summer 2003 by analyzing stomach content, fatty acids, and stable isotopes on…1 January, 2006 by Katrin Linse
Records of extant Monoplacophora are still scarce, often limited to single specimens or empty shells. Little is known about monoplacophoran diversity, distribution and biology. This study summarizes the present distributional…1 January, 2006
Satellite radar altimeters and scatterometers deployed over ice sheets experience backscatter from the surface and from within the snowpack, termed surface and volume backscatter respectively. In order to assess the…1 January, 2006 by Michael Meredith
This paper synthesizes our understanding of the Arctic's large-scale freshwater cycle. It combines terrestrial and oceanic observations with insights gained from the ERA-40 reanalysis and land surface and ice-ocean models.…1 January, 2006 by Fausto Ferraccioli
During the austral summer of 2001/02 five thousand line kilometres of airborne radio echo sounding and aeromagnetic data were collected in the region of three tributaries of Slessor Glacier, East…1 January, 2006 by Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
Observations of the relativistic electron flux increases during the first days of November, 2003 are compared to model simulations of two leading mechanisms for electron acceleration. It is demonstrated that…1 January, 2006 by Richard Horne
Whistler mode chorus emissions in the Earth's magnetosphere extend from the plasmapause to the boundary of trapping. Knowledge of the pitch angle and energy scattering rates is essential for accurate…Read more on Bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients for field-aligned chorus waves
1 January, 2006 by Keith Nicholls
In the period 1979–2003 the mass of “giant” icebergs (icebergs larger than 18.5 km in length) calving from Antarctica averaged 1089 ± 300 Gt yr−1 of ice, under half the…Read more on Contribution of giant icebergs to the Southern Ocean freshwater flux
1 January, 2006 by Adrian Jenkins
Model simulations of circulation and melting beneath Fimbulisen, Antarctica, obtained using an isopycnic coordinate ocean model, are presented. Model results compare well with available observations of currents and hydrography in…Read more on Modeling ocean processes below Fimbulisen, Antarctica
1 January, 2006
The hydraulic behaviour of meltwater during subglacial basaltic eruptions in temperate ice is of paramount importance in understanding the eruptive processes, lithofacies and architecture of the edifices formed. Hydraulics also…1 January, 2006
Terrestrial volcanism occurred extensively on Brabant Island, northern Antarctic Peninsula, during the Late Quaternary (< 200 ka; probably entirely Late Pleistocene). Two compositionally distinct volcanic sequences formed three large shield…1 January, 2006 by Peter Fretwell
Cape Purvis is a conspicuous promontory on southern Dundee Island. It forms a prominent mesa that contrasts with the smooth, shield-like (snow-covered) topography of the remainder of the island. The…1 January, 2006
New outcrops of Late Neogene sedimentary deposits discovered on James Ross and Vega islands, northern Antarctic Peninsula, are fossiliferous and contain mainly fragmented pectinids amongst other as yet unstudied biota.…1 January, 2006
Back in the mid-nineteenth century British explorer James Clark Ross took his ships, HMS Terror and HMS Erebus, farther south than anyone else had been. He now lends his name…1 January, 2006 by Peter Fretwell
A new approach to modelling patterns of glacio-isostatic land uplift during the Holocene in mainland Scotland, UK, is described. The approach is based upon altitude measurements at the inner margin…1 January, 2006 by Dominic Hodgson, James Smith, Stephen Roberts
George VI Ice Shelf is the largest ice shelf on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula and its northern margin marks the southern most latitudinal limit of recent ice…1 January, 2006
Soil samples from the summit of Coulman Island in northern Victoria Land, continental Antarctica (lat. 73o28'S, 169o45'E) were cultured and after nine weeks they have yeilded sterile shoots of a…1 January, 2006
Eruptions of Öræfajökull have produced mafic and silicic magmas, and have taken place in both glacial and interglacial periods. The geology of the volcano records the differing response of magmas…Read more on Subglacial and ice-contact volcanism at the Oraefajokull stratovolcano, Iceland
1 January, 2006
As part of a collaborative research program between British Antarctic Survey, U.K. and Utah State University, USA, all sky airglow images were recorded at Halley Station Antarctica (75.5 S, 26.7…Read more on A novel joint space-wavenumber analysis of an unusual Antarctic gravity wave event
1 January, 2006
This is the first study to use both molecular and fossil data to date the divergence of taxa within the coleoid cephalopods (octopus, squid, cuttlefish). A dataset including sequences from…Read more on Divergence time estimates for major cephalopod groups: evidence from multiple genes
1 January, 2006 by Howard Roscoe
A solar occultation sensor, the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer (ILAS)-II, measured 5890 vertical profiles of ozone concentrations in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere and of other species from January to…1 January, 2006
Fatty acid biomarker analyses of Cassidulina crassa, a dominant calcareous foraminieran at 55-m water depth in Arthur Harbor, Anvers Island (64°46′S, 64°04′W), Antarctica, revealed that this species responds rapidly to…1 January, 2006
Experimental trials were conducted onboard a stern trawler to identify the relative efficacy of three emerging mitigation measures (tori lines, warp scarer and Brady baffler) designed to reduce seabird mortality…1 January, 2006
A new Greenland Ice Core Chronology (GICC05) based on multi-parameter counting of annual layers has been obtained for the last 42 ka. Here we compare the glacial part of the…Read more on The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005, 15–42 ka. Part 2: comparison to other records
1 January, 2006 by Eugene Murphy, Geraint Tarling, Jonathan Watkins
The growth rates of postlarval krill (Euphausia superba) were measured across a wide range of environments in the Scotia Sea and around South Georgia using the Instantaneous Growth Rate (IGR)…1 January, 2006 by Dominic Hodgson
For the first time, the cyanobacterial diversity from microbial mats in lakes of Eastern Antarctica was investigated using microscopic and molecular approaches. The present study assessed the biogeographical distribution of…1 January, 2006 by Dominic Hodgson
We isolated 59 strains of cyanobacteria from the benthic microbial mats of 23 Antarctic lakes, from five locations in two regions, in order to characterize their morphological and genotypic diversity.…Read more on Polyphasic study of Antarctic cyanobacterial strains
1 January, 2006 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
This comment does not have an abstract1 January, 2006 by Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves are excited during the enhanced convective injection of plasmasheet ions into the inner magnetosphere. Waves grow rapidly near the magnetic equatorial plane reaching amplitudes up to…Read more on Interaction of EMIC waves with thermal plasma and radiation belt particles
1 January, 2006
A microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sewage-derived particulate organic matter (POM) on the food sources and diets of two species of intertidal benthic foraminifera, Ammonia beccarii…1 January, 2006 by Peter Ward
Physical ocean processes (ice-melt, island run-off and upwelling of nutrients) were hypothesised to affect the bacterioplankton composition in the surface mixed layer of the Scotia Sea during the austral summer…1 January, 2006 by Jaume Forcada
The effect of age, sex, nutritive condition and organochlorine concentration on blubber retinoid concentrations was examined in 74 common dolphins incidentally caught off northwestern Spain. Age and blubber lipid content…1 January, 2006 by Helen Peat, Philip Trathan
We used satellite telemetry methods to study macaroni penguins at South Georgia to determine how they ranged from their colonies during the early part of their breeding season at a…1 January, 2006
Models of snow processes in areas of possible large-scale change need to be site independent and physically based. Here, the accumulation and ablation of the seasonal snow cover beneath a…Read more on The radiative effect of a fir canopy on a snowpack
1 January, 2006 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
An assessment of mean atmospheric and oceanic data from a 100-year segment of a pre-industrial control run of version 3 of the Hadley Centre climate model is presented. The model…Read more on The performance of the Hadley Centre climate model (HADCM3) in high southern latitudes
1 January, 2006 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Steve Colwell, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
We report an undocumented major warming of the Antarctic winter troposphere that is larger than any previously identified regional tropospheric warming on Earth. This result has come to light through…Read more on Significant warming of the Antarctic winter troposphere
1 January, 2006 by David Vaughan
Long-term records from meteorological stations on the Antarctic Peninsula show strong rising trends in the annual duration of melting conditions. In each case, the trend is statistically significant and represents…1 January, 2006 by David Vaughan, Fausto Ferraccioli, Hugh Corr
Predictions about future changes in the Amundsen Sea sector of the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) have been hampered by poorly known subglacial topography. Extensive airborne survey has allowed us…1 January, 2006 by Howard Roscoe
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We present in this paper fifteen years measurements, from March 1991 to September 2005, of stratospheric NO2 vertical columns measured by a SAOZ zenith-sky visible spectrometer. The instrument spent…Read more on SAOZ measurements of stratospheric NO2 at Aberystwyth
1 January, 2006 by Richard Phillips
At St Kilda, Outer Hebrides, a large colony of great skuas Stercorarius skua feed extensively on one of the largest colonies of Leach’s storm-petrels Oceanodroma leucorhoa in Europe, but little…1 January, 2006
We report the composition of terrestrial, intertidal and shallow sublittoral faunal communities at sites around Rothera Research Station, Adelaide Island, Antarctic Peninsula. We examined primary hypotheses that the marine environment…Read more on Ecological contrasts across an Antarctic land-sea interface
1 January, 2006 by David Barnes, Roger Worland, Peter Convey
Recent studies have revealed a previously unanticipated level of biodiversity present in the Antarctic littoral. Here, we report research on the ecophysiological strategies adopted by intertidal species that permit them…1 January, 2006 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse
ABSTRACT: The Jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas has a short life span and is subject to rapid changes in population size. This species inhabits the Eastern Pacific, one of the…1 January, 2006 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse
Dosidicus gigas (the jumbo flying squid) supports a major fishery in the eastern Pacific Ocean and exhibits large fluctuations in abundance from year to year. The commercial fishery consists of…1 January, 2006 by Peter Ward, Sally Thorpe
Plankton community structure in the Scotia Sea was investigated during January/early February 2003 based on phytoplankton cell counts from 20 m depth and mesozooplankton counts from 0 to 400 m…Read more on Plankton community structure and variability in the Scotia Sea: austral summer 2003
1 January, 2006 by Geraint Tarling, Peter Ward
Mesozooplankton were sampled at shelf and oceanic stations close to South Georgia, South Atlantic during austral autumn 2004 with a Longhurst Hardy Plankton Recorder. Onshelf biomass ranged from 2.18 to…1 January, 2006 by Andrew Fleming, Jaume Forcada, Philip Trathan
Potentially some of the biggest gaps in our knowledge about the ecology of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) relate to juvenile animals. We investigated the at-sea distribution of five male…1 January, 2006 by Mark Belchier
The early ontogenetic stages of Paralomis spinosissima Birstein and Vinogradow, 1972, are described in detail and illustrated, with notes on morphological variability observed. Larval and early juvenile development was described…1 January, 2006 by David Barnes, Melody Clark
To begin to understand overall patterns and processes influencing marine populations, communities and ecosystems, it is important to determine the timing, duration, mode and dispersal of larvae. However, few studies…Read more on DNA barcoding: a molecular tool to identify Antarctic marine larvae
1 January, 2006
Meteoric water that interacted with minerals during retrogressive metamorphism and hydrothermalism in the late-stage of mountain building processes contains hydrogen and oxygen isotopes that are potential proxies for palaeoelevation reconstruction…1 January, 2006 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
The Upper Miocene (10.7–9.0 Ma) Battye Glacier Formation was deposited 250 km inland from the modern Amery Ice Shelf edge in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica. The composition of clay minerals…1 January, 2006
A continuum model describing sea ice as a layer of granulated thick ice, consisting of many rigid, brittle floes, intersected by long and narrow regions of thinner ice, known as…Read more on Anisotropic model for granulated sea ice dynamics
1 January, 2006
In polar oceans, seawater freezes to form a layer of sea ice of several metres thickness that can cover up to 8% of the Earth’s surface. The modelled sea ice…Read more on Modelling the rheology of sea ice as a collection of diamond-shaped floes
1 January, 2006 by Joanne Johnson
Asterozoans (Echinodermata) of Late Miocene age (6.02 ± 0.12 Ma) are preserved as external moulds in water-lain tuffs of the James Ross Island Volcanic Group (JRIVG), James Ross Island, Antarctic…Read more on Late Miocene asterozoans (Echinodermata) from the James Ross Island Volcanic Group
1 January, 2006
A study of the stable isotope composition (δ18O, δ13C) of biogenic (ostracod, mollusc) and authigenic carbonates in the Ballagan Formation, Lower Carboniferous of Scotland, coupled with evidence from sedimentology and…1 January, 2006
The detailed test morphology of the type suite of Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady) is illustrated for the first time since the species was identified in 1877. Fossil representatives of this species…1 January, 2006 by Gareth Marshall
The Antarctic contribution to sea-level rise has long been uncertain. While regional variability in ice dynamics has been revealed, a picture of mass changes throughout the continental ice sheet is…1 January, 2006 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
Sea ice and dust flux increased greatly in the Southern Ocean during the last glacial period. Palaeorecords provide contradictory evidence about marine productivity in this region, but beyond one glacial…1 January, 2006 by Michael Meredith
Sub-surface pressure (SSP) data from tide gauges at three bases on the Pacific coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, together with SSP information from a bottom pressure recorder deployed on the…1 January, 2006 by Roger Worland
1. Many arthropods depress the freezing point of their body fluids (supercool) to avoid freezing at subzero temperatures. This is normally a seasonal response and is achieved by the production…Read more on Supercooling point frequency distributions in Collembola are affected by moulting