Found 14112 items
1 January, 2002 by Eric Wolff
The composition of air near ground level is not necessarily representative of the troposphere as a whole. In particular in the Antarctic, stratification from the strong inversions often present and…Read more on Aerosol profiling using a tethered balloon in coastal Antarctica
1 January, 2002
Cordieritites and highly peraluminous granites within the El Pilón granite complex, Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina, were emplaced during a medium-P, high-T metamorphic event during the initial decompression of a Cambrian orogen…1 January, 2002
Twelve sedimentary mounds are identified on the upper continental rise of the Pacific Margin of the Antarctic Peninsula. All these mounds are produced by a varying degree of interaction of…Read more on Sediment drifts and deep-sea channel systems, Antarctic Peninsula Pacific Margin
1 January, 2002 by Eugene Murphy
Understanding the demographics of Antarctic krill over large scales may be complicated by regional differences in the processes that govern population structure. The influence of regional differences in growth and…1 January, 2002
The growth rates of Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups estimated from weighing cross-sections of the population were compared with measured/ inferred changes in the availability of their main prey…Read more on Growth rates of Antarctic fur seals as indices of environmental conditions
1 January, 2002
The surface climatology of Coats Land, Antarctica, is described through observations from automatic weather stations, from Halley station, from upper air soundings and from satellite remote sensing. Coats Land consists…Read more on The surface climatology of an ordinary katabatic wind regime in Coats Land, Antarctica
1 January, 2002
Comparisons are made between a time series of meteorological surface layer observational data taken on board the R/V Knorr, and model analysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather…1 January, 2002 by Alistair Crame
The GustavGroup of the James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula, forms part of a major Southern Hemisphere Cretaceous reference section. Palynological data, chiefly from dinoflagellate cysts, integrated with macrofaunal evidence and…1 January, 2002 by David Vaughan
Recent satellite investigations revealed that in the 1990s the grounding line of Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers, West Antarctica, retreated several km, the ice surface on the interior of the…Read more on Acceleration of Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers, West Antarctica
1 January, 2002
We have investigated the fracture of Antarctic shelf ice core using two fracture mechanics test methods: the chevron-notched short-rod specimen loaded in tension and the chevron-notched round-bar specimen loaded in…1 January, 2002 by Mark Clilverd
We examine the electron density profile expected in the lower ionosphere due to a 0.2-s whistler-induced electron precipitation (WEP) burst with experimentally determined properties. The ionization rate in the lower…Read more on D region reflection height modification by whistler-induced electron precipitation
1 January, 2002
Lichens from the genus Umbilicaria were collected across a 5,000-km transect through Antarctica and investigated for DNA sequence polymorphism in a region of 480–660 bp of the nuclear internal transcribed…1 January, 2002 by Howard Roscoe
Measurements of trace gases by remote sensors which observe the atmospheric limb have a natural verticalresolution of 2–. With a typical field of view this becomes 3–. Oversampling, combined with…1 January, 2002 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
A compilation of nitrate (NO(3)(-)) data from Greenland has shown that recent NO(3)(-) concentrations reveal a temperature dependence similar to that seen in Antarctica. Except for sites with very low…1 January, 2002
Cyanobacteria blooms are common in the Baltic Sea and are considered to be a poor food source and sometimes toxic to zooplankton. Most experiments demonstrating harmful effects have been short-term…1 January, 2002
Airglow emission observations by the wind imaging interferometer (WINDII) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite and three optical ground-based stations previously revealed a “springtimetransition” in atomic oxygen. The transition is…Read more on Springtime transition in upper mesospheric temperature in the northern hemisphere
1 January, 2002 by Peter Ward
Measurements of egg production rates (EPR) and growth of the early stages of 2 of the Southern Ocean biomass dominant copepods, Calanoides acutus and Rhincalanus gigas, were made over the…1 January, 2002
A short-lived eruption of basaltic andesite to andesite on Deception Island in 1969 occurred from a series of fissures underneath a glacier. The glacier was thin (c. 100 m) and…1 January, 2002 by Mervyn Freeman
A superposed epoch analysis of 100–300 substorms is performed to determine the median size and shape of the substorm-associated VLF chorus, magnetic bay, and Pi2 pulsation burst observed at the…1 January, 2002 by Andy Smith
Bakaninbreen is a polythermal glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, that last surged between 1985 and 1995. Seismic reflection data were acquired during early quiescence in spring 1998, just upstream of…1 January, 2002 by Peter Convey
Contrary to the generally accepted hypothesis that bryophyte fertility decreases with increasing latitude and therefore climatic severity, a detailed study of bryophyte reproductive strategies at sites in the southern maritime…Read more on Enhanced sexual reproduction in bryophytes at high latitudes in the maritime Antarctic
1 January, 2002 by Dominic Hodgson
Fossil pigments were identified in a sediment core from Kirisjes Pond, a small lake in the Larsemann Hills, east Antarctica, using reversed-phase HPLC and LC–MS/MS. Chlorophyll a- and b-derived components…Read more on Sedimentary pigments as markers for environmental change in an Antarctic lake
1 January, 2002
The analysis of pinniped scats has been used to quantify their diet, using prey remains to identify species and to estimate the numbers and sizes of prey consumed. There are,…1 January, 2002
This paper provides both an introduction to and summary for the Atlas of Contourite Systems that has been compiled as part of the International Geological Correlation Project - IGCP 432.…Read more on Bottom curents, contourites and deep-sea sediment drifts: current state-of-the-art
1 January, 2002 by Richard Horne
[1] Relativistic (> 1 MeV) 'killer electrons' are frequently generated in the Earth's inner magnetosphere during the recovery phase of a typical magnetic storm. We test the hypothesis that the…1 January, 2002
The vertical migration of Calanus finmarchicus and krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica and Thysanoessa raschii) was monitored during the summer of 1999 in the Clyde Sea using a combination of acoustic and…1 January, 2002 by Sally Thorpe
SouthGeorgia (∼54°S, 37°W) is an island in the eastern Scotia Sea, South Atlantic that lies in the path of the AntarcticCircumpolarCurrent (ACC). The southern ACC front (SACCF), one of three…Read more on Variability of the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current front north of South Georgia
1 January, 2002
The Cape Melville Formation (CMF), exposed on southeastern King George Island, South Shetland Islands, provides rare evidence of extensive earliest Miocene glaciation in the Antarctic Peninsula region. The formation records…1 January, 2002
The middle to late Oligocene Polonez Cove Formation, exposed on south-eastern King George Island, South Shetland Islands, provides rare evidence of mid-Cenozoic West Antarctic cryosphere evolution. A revised lithostratigraphy and…1 January, 2002 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Robert Mulvaney, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Measurements from ice cores and snow pits collected over the last 50 years are used to examine how net surface mass balance varies across the Antarctic Peninsula to give the…Read more on Spatial variability of Antarctic Peninsula net surface mass balance
1 January, 2002 by Robert Larter
The first swath bathymetry and side-scan sonar imagery from the South Sandwich forearc reveals detailed seafloor morphology, tectonic fabric, and sedimentary features in an area where plate convergence is approximately…1 January, 2002 by Robert Larter
We present the first multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection line that crosses the South Sandwich Trench, South Sandwich island arc, and East Scotia Sea backarc basin. The line is used in…1 January, 2002
Ar–Ar dating of high-strain ductile mylonites of the Eastern Palmer Land Shear Zone in the southern Antarctic Peninsula indicates that reverse movement on the shear zone occurred in late Early…1 January, 2002
New structural and age data suggest that West Gondwana may have been at lower palaeolatitudes than previously interpreted from Albian sequences in Gondwana marginal suspect terranes. The Palmer Land event,…1 January, 2002 by David Vaughan
Complete collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) would raise global sea level by around 5 m, but whether collapse is likely, or even possible, has been `glaciology's grand…Read more on Risk estimation of collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet
1 January, 2002 by Martin Collins
Cirrate octopods are conspicuous members of the benthopelagic and bathypelagic communities and include some of the largest invertebrates of the deep-sea. Although they have often been considered to be rare…Read more on Systematics, ecology and biology of cirrate octopods: a workshop report
1 January, 2002 by Michael Pinnock
During a period of extremely quiet solar wind conditions from 8 to 10 March 1997, strong activity was observed by the Southern Hemisphere Auroral Radar Experiment Super Dual Auroral Radar…1 January, 2002 by Dominic Hodgson
The authenticity of hydroxychlorophyllderivatives in sediments has been verified by subjecting pure chlorophyll preparations to the extraction method used for sediments. Model studies of chlorophyll autoxidation reveal hydroxychlorophyll as the…Read more on Origin and significance of 13(2)-hydroxychlorophyll derivatives in sediments
1 January, 2002 by Peter Convey
There is now ample evidence of the ecological impacts of recent climate change, from polar terrestrial to tropical marine environments. The responses of both flora and fauna span an array…1 January, 2002 by Eugene Murphy, Jonathan Watkins, Michael Meredith, Peter Ward, Sally Thorpe
The coupling of physics and biology was examined along a 160 km long transect running out from the north coast of South Georgia Island and crossing the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar…1 January, 2002 by Mervyn Freeman, Richard Horne
Analytical estimates of resistivity due to electrostatic current-driven ion-acoustic waves are compared with Vlasov simulation results. Particular attention is given to the case of similar ion and electron temperatures that…Read more on Ion-acoustic resistivity in plasmas with similar ion and electron temperatures
1 January, 2002 by Anna Jones
NO, NOy (total reactive nitrogen oxides), gaseous HNO3, and particulate nitrate (p-NO3−) were measured at Neumayer Station from February 1999 to January 2000. In addition, during February 1999, the NOy…Read more on Seasonality of reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) at Neumayer Station, Antarctica
1 January, 2002
Hydrothermal alteration in volcanic arcs occurs in many settings and may involve magmatic, marine, lacustrine or groundwaters, driven by magmatic, tectonic or thermal events. King George Island, part of the…1 January, 2002
An expanded Oligocene-Miocene boundary interval recovered in the Cape Roberts Project CRP-2A core from beneath the Ross Sea, Antarctica, has yielded a high-resolution integrated chrono stratigraphy that has, in turn,…1 January, 2002
The routine use of spectrophotometry on the sediment surfaces of archive halves of each section during the onboard sedimentological core description process is a great stride toward development of real-time…1 January, 2002 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
The area west of the Antarctic Peninsula is a key region for studying and understanding the history of glaciation in the southern high latitudes during the Neogene with respect to…1 January, 2002 by Andrew Clarke, Peter Ward
Diversity and structure of copepod assemblages were investigated using 259 WP2 zooplankton samples collected from the top 200 m of the Atlantic Ocean between 60°N and 63°S. Whilst richness at…1 January, 2002
This paper describes a unique record of glacier flow instability for East Greenland during the Little Ice Age. Trace metal analysis of sediment cores collected during 1998 from the Noret…1 January, 2002
Solar radiation is the primary energy source for surface planetary life, so that pigments are fundamental components of any surface-dwelling organism. They may therefore have evolved in some form on…1 January, 2002
The launch of a new journal is appropriately like a space mission. It is the result of a scientific need, the inspiration of a group of committed scientists and technologists,…Read more on Editorial: The International Journal of Astrobiology
1 January, 2002 by Paul Rodhouse
The cephalopod component of the diet of Patagonian toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides, around South Georgia was analysed from stomach contents collected between March and May 2000. Cephalopods occurred in 7% of…1 January, 2002 by Paul Rodhouse
In Southwest Atlantic waters, the short-finned squid Illex argentinus is distributed along the Patagonian shelf and slope, from approximately 22° to 54°S ( Haimovici et al., 1998). I. argentinus has…1 January, 2002
Latitudinal and diurnal distributions of spectral power and spatial coherency parameters of the geomagnetic variations in the Pc5-6 (1–6 mHz) frequency range are analyzed using data of magnetometer stations in…1 January, 2002 by Martin Collins
The scavenging megafauna of the South Georgia and Shag Rocks slope in the south-west Atlantic (625-15 19 m) were investigated using autonomous baited camera systems. Two surveys were conducted: the…Read more on Scavenging by megabenthos and demersal fish on the South Georgia slope
1 January, 2002 by John King
Practically oriented flux-calculation techniques based on correction functions to the neutral drag and heat/mass transfer coefficients are further developed. In the traditional formulation, the correction functions depend only on the…1 January, 2002 by Robert Mulvaney
A medium-length ice core was drilled at the ice divide on the Lomonosovfonna plateau (1230 m a.s.l.),Svalbard, in May1997.As part of this project, temperature measurements were performed in the 120…1 January, 2002
Geophysical data from the Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf reveal streamlined subglacial bedforms in a cross-shelf trough. Bedforms exhibit progressive elongation with distance along the trough, and record flow of a…1 January, 2002
Geological evidence indicates that sediment reworking is common around the continental margins and abyssal depths of the Norwegian-Greenland Sea, a high-latitude setting with glacier-influenced margins. Detailed analysis of 22 cores…1 January, 2002
Operation Chastise, more often known as the ‘Dambusters raids’, was one of the most audacious aerial military operations of the Second World War, in that it made use of operationally…Read more on The science and scientific legacy of Operation Chastise
1 December, 2001
Unlike previous missions to the magnetotail (IMP 6, ISEE 1, ISEE 3, and Geotail), which effectively made observations in the lobe at a single downtail distance, the Cassini Earth swingby…1 December, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
It has been suggested that quasi-electrostatic electric fields from thunderclouds might produce whistler ducts by driving plasma interchange of geomagnetic flux tubes. Using lightning activity as a proxy for the…Read more on Investigating the possible association between thunderclouds and plasmaspheric ducts
1 December, 2001 by Gareth Chisham, Mervyn Freeman, Michael Pinnock
This paper sets out a critical test of the antiparallel merging hypothesis. For the conflicting theories of antiparallel and subsolar reconnection, we model the location of reconnection regions on the…Read more on An ionospheric convection signature of antiparallel reconnection
1 December, 2001 by Mervyn Freeman
Auroral spirals are the largest vortex structures that appear in auroral arcs. Their diameters vary from tens to hundreds of kilometers. We have collected an all-sky camera data set of…1 December, 2001
On August 18, 1999, Cassini flew by the Earth on its way to Saturn. The Cassini Earth swing-by was the fastest traversal of the Earth's magnetosphere to date. The spacecraft…1 October, 2001 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Ice‐sheet flows can be channelled by perturbations in the basal topography or in the sliding coefficient. These lead to spatial variation in the steady profile, the flux and the dissipative…Read more on Influence of channelling on heating in ice-sheet flows
15 September, 2001 by Keith Nicholls
This is the first large-scale modeling study of iceberg trajectories and melt rates in the Southern Ocean. An iceberg model was seeded with climatological iceberg calving rates based on a…Read more on Iceberg trajectory modeling and meltwater injection in the Southern Ocean
1 September, 2001 by Robert Mulvaney
The atmospheric trend of methane isotopic ratios since the mid-20th century has been reconstructed from Antarctic firn air. High volume air samples were extracted at several depth levels at two…31 July, 2001
A considerable fraction of the solar wind energy that crosses the magnetopause ends up in the high-latitude thermo sphere-io no sphere system as a result of Joule heating, the consequences…Read more on The variability of Joule heating and its effects on the ionosphere and thermosphere
1 July, 2001 by Mai Mai Lam
This paper tests the Araki [1994] computational model of the Earth-ionosphere system during geomagnetic sudden commencement (sc). In particular, we test the model's ability to predict the signs of the…Read more on A case study test of Araki’s physical model of geomagnetic sudden commencement
1 July, 2001 by Richard Horne
Intense interest currently exists in determining the roles played by various wave-particle interactions in the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies during/following geomagnetic storms. Here we present a survey of…15 June, 2001 by Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
We have made oceanographic measurements at two sites beneath the southern Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. Hot-water drilled access holes were made during January 1999, allowing conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiling and the deployment…10 June, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins, Andy Smith, David Vaughan, Hugh Corr, Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Measurements of ice thickness on the Antarctic ice sheet collected during surveys undertaken over the past 50 years have been brought together into a single database. From these data, a…Read more on BEDMAP: A new ice thickness and subglacial topographic model of Antarctica
1 June, 2001 by Peter Kirsch
Results from an intercomparison campaign of ultraviolet spectroradiometers that was organized at Nea Michaniona, Greece July, 1–13 1997, are presented. Nineteen instrument systems from 15 different countries took part and…Read more on SUSPEN intercomparison of ultraviolet spectroradiometers
1 June, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins, Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
We use an ice‐sheet model to show that (i) margins of marine ice‐sheets can be expected to be frozen to the bed, except where ice‐streams discharge; (ii) 20–50km retreats induced…Read more on Centurial‐millenial ice‐rafted debris pulses from ablating marine ice sheets
27 May, 2001 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
In polar regions, satellite microwave radiometry has not been successful in measuring the total water vapor (TWV) in the atmosphere. The difficulties faced in these regions arise from the very…1 April, 2001 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff
It has been shown that NOx is produced photochemically within the snowpack of polar regions. If emitted to the atmosphere, this process could be a major source of NOx in…Read more on Measurements of NOx emissions from the Antarctic snowpack
1 April, 2001 by Michael Meredith
Two hydrographic and δ18O transects across Fram Strait (Aug–Sept 1997, 1998) are used to examine freshwater contributions to the East Greenland Current (EGC). The EGC featured up to ∼16% meteoric…Read more on Freshwater fluxes through the western Fram Strait