Showing 11142 items
1 January, 2008 by Jaume Forcada, Philip Trathan
Goudier Island is located in the Palmer Archipelago, to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula; it is one of the most frequently visited tourist sites in Antarctica. A number of…1 January, 2008 by Jonathan Shanklin
The 2007 Antarctic ozone hole is reviewed from a variety of perspectives, making use of various Australian data and analyses. The 2007 ozone hole was relatively modest, particularly in comparison…1 January, 2008 by Kevin Newsham
The two native Antarctic vascular plant species, Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, were sampled from 15 points along a 1480 km latitudinal transect from South Georgia (54°S, 36°W) through to…1 January, 2008 by Andrew Orr, Gareth Marshall, John King
The large regional summer warming on the east coast of the northern Antarctic Peninsula (AP), which has taken place since the mid-1960s, has previously been proposed to be caused by…1 January, 2008
El Nino Southern Oscillation events have been associated with large fluctuations in seabird and landbird populations of the Galapagos Islands. We reveal different effects of climatic variation on the abundance…1 January, 2008 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
We present results from our three-dimensional (3-D) simulations using the Salammbô electron radiation belt physical model. We have run steady state and dynamic storm test case simulations to study the…1 January, 2008
The oceanic southern margin of Gondwana, from southern South America through South Africa, West Antarctica, New Zealand (in its pre break-up position), and Victoria Land to Eastern Australia is one…1 January, 2008 by David Vaughan
It is now almost 30 years since John Mercer (1978) first presented the idea that climate change could eventually cause a rapid deglaciation, or “collapse”, of a large part of…Read more on West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse – the fall and rise of a paradigm
1 January, 2008 by Andy Smith, David Vaughan, Hugh Corr, Hamish Pritchard
Rutford Ice Stream and Carlson Inlet are neighbouring glaciers in West Antarctica. Rutford Ice Stream flows at speeds greater than 350m a(-1), whereas Carlson Inlet, which has some similar dimensions…1 January, 2008
The potential impact of seawater acidification on the concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and the activity of the enzyme DMSP-lyase was investigated during a pelagic ecosystem CO2 enrichment…1 January, 2008 by Melody Clark
Marine scientists in Europe summarize their successes with genome technologies in the marine sciences and make a plea for a concerted international effort to raise greater public education for support.1 January, 2008 by Andrew Clarke, Michael Meredith
Internal waves and coastal upwelling have important roles in both physical oceanography and marine ecosystems, via processes such as mixing of water masses and transfer of heat and nutrients to…1 January, 2008
Despite being one of the most intensely studied habitat types worldwide, the intertidal region around Antarctica has received little more than superficial study. Despite this, the first detailed study of…1 January, 2008 by Claire Waluda, Huw Griffiths, Paul Rodhouse
Illex argentinus, the Argentine short-finned squid, is an important species within the Patagonian shelf ecosystem, where it supports a major multi-national fishery. The fishing fleet operating in this region is…Read more on Remotely-sensed spatial dynamics of the Illex argentinus fishery, Southwest Atlantic
1 January, 2008 by Richard Horne
Plasma wave observations on Voyager, Ulysses, and Galileo have shown that whistler-mode hiss at frequencies below one kHz is continuously present in the extended Io torus of Jupiter. Cyclotron resonant…1 January, 2008 by Michael Meredith, Zhaomin Wang
We investigate the representation of Southern Hemisphere subpolar gyres in 20 IPCC AR4 climate models. The models reproduce three southern subpolar gyres: the Weddell Gyre, Ross Gyre, and Australian-Antarctic Gyre,…Read more on Density-driven Southern Hemisphere subpolar gyres in coupled climate models
1 January, 2008 by Michael Meredith, Peter Ward
The earliest comprehensive plankton sampling programme in the Southern Ocean was 32 undertaken during the early part of last century by Discovery Investigations to gain a 33 greater scientific understanding…1 January, 2008 by Mervyn Freeman
The use of complexity-based approaches may help to advance our understanding of Earth as a system.1 January, 2008 by Alexander Tate
The distribution of metamorphic rocks in the Antarctic Peninsula region, new quantitative peak pressure-temperature data along the Antarctic Peninsula, and a literature review on the current knowledge of metamorphic conditions…Read more on Metamorphic rocks in the Antarctic Peninsula region
1 January, 2008 by Sally Thorpe
The blooms associated with South Georgia coincide with the largest predicted carbon sink in the Southern Ocean. A major injection of iron and silica is required to sustain them over…1 January, 2008 by Michael Meredith, Peter Ward
The Southern Ocean is known to have warmed considerably during the second half of the 20th century but there are few locations with data before the 1950s. In addition, assessments…1 January, 2008 by Rowan Whittle
More than 20 partial scolecodout Clusters were recovered from the Soom Shale Lagerstatte, South Africa. The specimens were found in association with chitinozoans, algae, conodont apparatuses and the enigmatic needle-like…1 January, 2008
Descent and spreading of high salinity water generated by salt rejection during sea ice formation in an Antarctic coastal polynya is studied using a hydrostatic, primitive equation three-dimensional ocean model…Read more on Generation of a buoyancy-driven coastal current by an Antarctic polynya
1 January, 2008 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff
Nitrate is frequently measured in ice cores, but its interpretation remains immature. Using daily snow surface concentrations of nitrate at Halley (Antarctica) for 2004 - 2005, we show that sharp…1 January, 2008 by Eric Wolff
The later parts of the Quaternary are of particular importance for assessing out ability to understand the future operation of the Earth because the main boundary conditions are similar to…Read more on The past 800 ka viewed through Antarctic ice cores
1 January, 2008 by Roger Worland, Peter Convey
Research into the ecophysiology of arthropod cold tolerance has largely focussed on those parts of the year and/or the life cycle in which cold stress is most likely to be…1 January, 2008 by Gareth Chisham
The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) network of HF coherent backscatter radars form a unique global diagnostic of large-scale ionospheric and magnetospheric dynamics in the northern and southern hemispheres.…1 January, 2008
Aim To determine patterns in diversity of a major Antarctic plant species, including relationships of Antarctic populations with those outside the Antarctic zone. Location Antarctic Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica, sub-Antarctic islands,…1 January, 2008 by David Barnes, Huw Griffiths
Aim To describe the distribution of biodiversity and endemism of bryozoans in southern temperate and polar waters. We hypothesized that we would find: (1) no strong latitudinal richness gradient; (2)…Read more on Biodiversity and biogeography of southern temperate and polar bryozoans
7 December, 2007 by Gareth Chisham, Mervyn Freeman
We present a detailed analysis of the spatial structure of the ionospheric plasma velocity in the nightside F-region ionosphere, poleward of the open-closed magnetic field line boundary (OCB), i.e. in…1 November, 2007 by John Turner, Simeon Hill
Fisheries scientists habitually consider uncertainty in parameter values, but often neglect uncertainty about model structure. The importance of this latter source of uncertainty is likely to increase with the greater…Read more on Model uncertainty in the ecosystem approach to fisheries
1 November, 2007
We present an analysis of a long-term archive of horizontal wind data derived from meteor wind observations from a SuperDARN radar at Halley, Antarctica (76S, 27W). Systematic differences between the…1 November, 2007
Spiracle and tracheal structure in the extant Ixodida is revised and shown to comprise 29 distinct component characters, some of which are common to all Anactinotrichida, while others are unique…1 October, 2007 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
During the Halloween Storm period (October–November 2003), a new Van Allen belt electron population was powerfully accelerated. The inner belt of electrons formed in this process decayed over a period…Read more on Low-altitude measurements of 2–6 MeV electron trapping lifetimes at 1.5 ≤ L ≤ 2.5
1 September, 2007 by Mark Clilverd
In this study we investigate periods of enhanced ionization in the mesosphere during Northern Hemisphere wintertime. Long-lasting ionization enhancements (days) are typically produced by solar proton events or by the…1 September, 2007 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
Local acceleration is required to explain electron flux increases in the outer Van Allen radiation belt during magnetic storms. Here we show that fast magnetosonic waves, detected by Cluster 3,…Read more on Electron acceleration in the Van Allen radiation belts by fast magnetosonic waves
1 August, 2007 by Nigel Meredith
Using ray tracing and suprathermal electron distributions from CRRES, the final propagation latitudes of typical chorus rays are calculated as a function of L, MLT, AE, and initial wave normal…Read more on Ray tracing of penetrating chorus and its implications for the radiation belts
1 August, 2007 by David Vaughan, Hugh Corr
Airborne radio echo sounding of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet over Pine Island Glacier was performed in the austral summer of 2004/2005 under the National Science Foundation's West Antarctic Ice…18 July, 2007 by Mark Clilverd, Tracy Moffat-Griffin
. In the polar atmosphere, significant chemical and ionization changes occur during solar proton events (SPE). The access of solar protons to this region is limited by the dynamically changing…Read more on Improved dynamic geomagnetic rigidity cutoff modeling: testing predictive accuracy
1 June, 2007 by Mark Clilverd
We report GOMOS nighttime observations of middle atmosphere NO2 and O-3 profiles during eight recent polar winters in the Arctic and Antarctic. The NO2 measurements are used to study the…Read more on Arctic and Antarctic polar winter NOx and energetic particle precipitation in 2002-2006
1 June, 2007 by Nigel Meredith
Wave-particle interactions lead to the loss of relativistic electrons from the outer radiation belt on timescales ranging from hours to weeks. For a fixed value of chorus wave amplitudes pitch-angle…1 April, 2007 by Mervyn Freeman
We re-examine whether substorms are triggered by solar wind fluctuations or an internal magnetospheric instability by comparing the statistical associations between substorm onsets and (1) an external trigger definition, (2)…1 March, 2007 by John King
We examine the sensitivity of the modelled climate of the third generation Hadley Centre climate model to changes in the parametrization of surface and boundary-layer fluxes under stable stratification. Replacing…1 March, 2007 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
This paper investigate the large mean sea level pressure errors in the HadCM3 atmosphere-ocean global climate model around Antarctica and finds them to be caused by the sea surface temperature…24 February, 2007 by Eric Wolff
Sea salt and mineral dust records as represented by Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations, respectively, in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores show pronounced glacial/interglacial variations. For the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)…1 February, 2007 by Eugene Murphy, Jonathan Watkins, Sally Thorpe
Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba Dana, has a heterogeneous circumpolar distribution in the Southern Ocean. Krill have a close association with sea ice which provides access to a critical food source…1 January, 2007
Following the PPARC programmatic review announced in the spring of last year, with its gloomy outlook for solar–terrestrial physics, three young scientists in the field mobilized the junior members of…1 January, 2007 by Richard Horne
Relativistic electrons in the outer Van Allen belt wreak havoc with satellites in geosynchronous orbit, but how they reach such high energies has been unclear. New data identify gyro-resonant wave-particle…Read more on Plasma astrophysics: Acceleration of killer electrons
1 January, 2007 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
Ice core records of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) from three sites around the Weddell Sea are investigated for their potential as sea ice proxies. It is found that the amount of…1 January, 2007 by Jaume Forcada
This paper presents baseline information on maternal behaviour and lactation in the Mediterranean monk seal, with particular focus on the age at which pups are weaned. The study was conducted…1 January, 2007
During recent cruises aboard RV Polarstern in the Antarctic Peninsula region, a new species of benthic octopodid was discovered whose generic affinities based on morphological characteristics were uncertain. Molecular sequence…Read more on A new species of Pareledone (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from Antarctic Peninsula Waters
1 January, 2007
We measured the photoformation of hydroxyl radical (OH) on snow grains at Summit, Greenland during the spring and summer. Midday rates of OH formation in the snow phase in the…Read more on Photoformation of hydroxyl radical on snow grains at Summit, Greenland
1 January, 2007
1-D profiles and time series from an idealised atmospheric boundary layer model are presented, which show agreement with boundary layer measurements of polar NOx. Diffusion models are increasingly being used…Read more on Behaviour of tracer diffusion in simple atmospheric boundary layer models
1 January, 2007 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck
Benthic communities living in shallow-shelf habitats in Antarctica (Read more on Climate change and invasibility of the Antarctic benthos
1 January, 2007 by Robert Mulvaney
Trends of carbon monoxide (CO) for the past 100 years are reported as derived from Antarctic firn drilling expeditions. Only one of 3 campaigns provided high quality results. The trend…1 January, 2007 by David Barnes
A decade has yielded much progress in understanding polar disturbance and community recovery—mainly through quantifying ice scour rates, other disturbance levels, larval abundance and diversity, colonization rates and response of…Read more on Disturbance, colonization and development of Antarctic benthic communities
1 January, 2007 by David Barnes
Hermit crabs are an obvious, common and abundant feature of global shallow water environments but almost nothing is known of their ecology at their extreme latitudinal ranges, the Arctic and…Read more on Richness, abundance and shell use of subarctic and arctic hermit crabs
1 January, 2007 by David Barnes, Katrin Linse
Climate is altering rapidly in parts of the Arctic and Antarctic but we know little about how marine organisms are responding to, or might respond to such changes. Knowledge of…Read more on Growth rate and its variability in erect Antarctic bryozoans
1 January, 2007 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
The direct record of Late Miocene–Early Pliocene Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet expansions from a previously published seismostratigraphic study of the outer shelf at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1097 is compared…1 January, 2007
We investigated the ability of four species of marine zooplankton to synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) during pulse-chase tracer experiments. Liposomes containing a deuterium labelled precursor fatty acid, D5-18:3n-3, were…1 January, 2007
Subglacial bed conditions exert a significant control on ice stream behavior and evolution, and can be characterized by determining bed roughness from FFT analysis of radar-imaged basal reflectors. Here we…1 January, 2007 by Michael Meredith, Sally Thorpe
Responses by marine top predators to environmental variability have previously been almost impossible to observe directly. Using novel, animal-mounted instruments simultaneously recording movements, diving behaviour and in-situ oceanographic properties, we…1 January, 2007 by Anna Jones, Howard Roscoe
OH and HO2 radical concentrations have been measured in the boundary layer of coastal Antarctica for a six-week period during the austral summer of 2005. The measurements were performed at…Read more on Observations of OH and HO2 radicals in coastal Antarctica
1 January, 2007
Eco-physiological variation and local adaptation are key issues in microbial ecology. Here, we investigated the thermal adaptation of 19 strains of the same Spumella morphospecies (Chrysophyceae, Heterokonta). In order to…1 January, 2007 by Peter Convey
Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems have poorly developed soils and currently experience one of the greatest rates of climate warming on the globe. We investigated the responsiveness of organic matter decomposition in…1 January, 2007 by Peter Convey
Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems are nutrient-poor and depend for their functioning in part on external nutrients. However, little is known about the relative importance of various sources. We measured external mineral…1 January, 2007 by Peter Convey
Antarctic soil ecosystems are amongst the most simplified on Earth and include only few soil arthropod species, generally believed to be opportunistic omnivorous feeders. Using stable isotopic analyses, we investigated…Read more on Food choice of Antarctic soil arthropods clarified by stable isotope signatures
1 January, 2007 by Peter Convey
Background: Antarctic terrestrial vegetation is subject to one of the most extreme climates on Earth. Currently, parts of Antarctica are one of the fastest warming regions on the planet. During…1 January, 2007 by Nigel Meredith
In the present paper, phase space density functions of the form f(v) = A N /v n are fitted to statistical distributions of suprathermal electron fluxes (E = 0.213–16.5 keV)…1 January, 2007 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck
The energetic cost of protein synthesis is thought to account for a significant proportion of total metabolism. However, attempts to estimate the energetic cost of synthesizing proteins have resulted in…1 January, 2007 by Robert Larter
Large-scale streamlined glacial landforms are identified in 11 areas of northwest Scotland, from the Isle of Skye in the south to the Butt of Lewis in the north. These ice-directional…1 January, 2007 by Katrin Linse
Our knowledge of the biodiversity of the Southern Ocean (SO) deep benthos is scarce. In this review, we describe the general biodiversity patterns of meio-, macro- and megafaunal taxa, based…Read more on The biodiversity of the deep Southern Ocean benthos
1 January, 2007 by Katrin Linse
Shallow marine benthic communities around Antarctica show high levels of endemism, gigantism, slow growth, longevity and late maturity, as well as adaptive radiations that have generated considerable biodiversity in some…Read more on First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea
1 January, 2007
The chironimid midge Eretmoptera murphyi has been introduced to Signy Island and has since become established at a single site. Viable propagules of a diverse range of micro-fungi were recovered…1 January, 2007
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers ST1 and ST2 were designed for the specific amplification of ribosomal DNA from Stropharia aurantiaca, and a nested PCR method was developed for the detection…1 January, 2007 by David Pearce, Peter Convey
Inland Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems and biodiversity are poorly understood in comparison with Antarctic coastal regions. Microorganisms, as primary colonists, are integral to Antarctic soil ecosystem development, essential for pedogenesis and…Read more on The cyanobacterial community of polygon soils at an inland Antarctic nunatak
1 January, 2007 by Lloyd Peck
Polar conditions (low and stable seawater temperature coupled with highly seasonal primary productivity) constrain reproduction in benthic invertebrates. The reproductive cycle of the common Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri was…1 January, 2007 by Lloyd Peck
The fish species Notothenia angustata inhabits temperate waters (10 °C), yet retains physiological traits that show it once existed at sub-zero temperatures. We determined the free-ranging activity, heart rate and…1 January, 2007
The growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), the largest human contributor to human-induced climate change, is increasing rapidly. Three processes contribute to this rapid increase. Two of these processes…1 January, 2007 by Melody Clark
Background: Duplicated genes are common in vertebrate genomes. Their persistence is assumed to be either a consequence of gain of novel function (neofunctionalisation) or partitioning of the function of the…Read more on Persistence of duplicated PAC1 receptors in the teleost, Sparus auratus
1 January, 2007
An interpretative modeling analysis is conducted to simulate the diurnal variations in OH and HO2 + RO2 observed at Summit, Greenland in 2003. The main goal is to assess the…1 January, 2007 by Geraint Tarling
Backscattering strength was estimated from 127 shipboard surveys with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) made during Drake Passage transits from 1999 to 2004. The backscattering strength is used to…1 January, 2007 by Gareth Chisham, Mervyn Freeman, Michael Pinnock
The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) has been operating as an international co-operative organisation for over 10 years. The network has now grown so that the fields of view…1 January, 2007 by Peter Convey
Antarctica and its surrounding islands lie at one extreme of global variation in diversity. Typically, these regions are characterized as being species poor and having simple food webs. Here, we…Read more on Spatial and temporal variability across life’s hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic
1 January, 2007
Geomagnetic pulsation in the Pc3–4 bands have been studied at high Antarctic latitudes during the local summer. The statistical relation between the occurrence probability of Pc3 and Pc4 pulsations and…1 January, 2007 by Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark
We describe the levels of natural arm damage in the Antarctic brittle star Ophionotus victoriae and the rate of arm regeneration over the period of 1 yr, as measured in…Read more on Delayed arm regeneration in the Antarctic brittlestar Ophionotus victoriae
1 January, 2007 by Michael Thorne, Roger Worland, Melody Clark
Background Ice, snow and temperatures of -14°C are conditions which most animals would find difficult, if not impossible, to survive in. However this exactly describes the Arctic winter, and the…1 January, 2007 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes, Huw Griffiths, Alistair Crame, Katrin Linse
The aim of this study was to use data for gastropod and bivalve molluscs to determine whether the fauna of the Southern Ocean is sufficiently well known to establish robust…