Showing 11923 items
1 January, 2006 by Roger Worland
1. Many arthropods depress the freezing point of their body fluids (supercool) to avoid freezing at subzero temperatures. This is normally a seasonal response and is achieved by the production…Read more on Supercooling point frequency distributions in Collembola are affected by moulting
1 January, 2006
Abstract The distribution of many cephalopod, crustacean and fish species in the Southern Ocean, and adjacent waters, is poorly known, particularly during times of the year when research surveys are…1 January, 2006
We obtained growth rates of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus at different locations across the North Atlantic between May 1998 and June 2004. Animals were incubated for 2–9 days and fed…1 January, 2006 by Martin Collins
In summer 2003, the usually small directed fishery for the squid Loligo forbesi in the Moray Firth off the northeast coast of Scotland (UK) generated unusually high catches. This fishery,…1 January, 2006 by Lloyd Peck
To determine whether neuronal function in Antarctic crustaceans is adapted to the low and narrow range of temperatures at which these animals live, we have compared conduction velocities in the…1 January, 2006 by Lloyd Peck
Antarctic marine invertebrates live in a cold, thermally stable environment and cannot tolerate large changes in body temperature (i.e. they are stenothermal). Their temperate relatives, by contrast, are eurythermal, living…1 January, 2006
In April 2001, a major atmospheric dustfall event occurred in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon Territory, Canada. Field samples were collected and analyzed for particle size, mineralogy, chemical composition and…Read more on Asian dustfall in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada
16 December, 2005
Review of the film March of the Penguins1 December, 2005
Temperature observations between 20 and 120 km from the SABER instrument on the TIMED spacecraft are used to investigate the nature of planetary wave activity during the 60 days prior…11 November, 2005 by Nigel Meredith
The dynamic behaviour of the outer electron radiation belt makes this area of geo-space a candidate for the concept of self-organized criticality. It is shown here that frequency distributions of…1 November, 2005
Wind measurements from a series of atmospheric radars located around Antarctica have been used to characterize the mesospheric planetary-wave field during the winter of 2002. Combining winds from the medium-frequency…Read more on Mesospheric planetary waves over Antarctica during 2002
1 October, 2005 by John King, Michael Meredith
The climate of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is the most rapidly changing in the Southern Hemisphere, with a rise in atmospheric temperature of nearly 3°C since 1951 and associated…1 October, 2005 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
We present the first simulation results for electrons in the outer radiation belt near geosynchronous orbit, where radial diffusion and resonant interactions with whistler-mode chorus outside the plasmasphere are taken…1 June, 2005
Hydroxyl airglow temperatures measured over Davis station, Antarctica (68°S, 78°E) in 2002 are compared to an 8-year climatological mean. The 2002 winter average temperature was 5.1 ± 0.8K warmer than…Read more on Anomalous winter hydroxyl temperatures at 69°S during 2002 in a multiyear context
1 May, 2005
Simultaneous iron resonance lidar density profiles, OH intensity images and MF-radar wind measurements have been used to determine the horizontal and vertical components of high-frequency (1 May, 2005
We used temperature data from the Sounding of the Atmosphere with Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) on the the NASA TIMED satellite to quantify the connection between temperatures in the stratosphere…11 April, 2005 by Eric Wolff
Ice cores have provided many of the key pieces of evidence about past changes in climate and in forcing factors for climate. In particular, the core from Vostok (Antarctica) shows…Read more on The European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica
1 April, 2005
The sea ice fraction in the interior of the pack, especially in winter, is important for climate studies and for validation of sea ice models. When ice concentration is high,…Read more on Sea ice concentrations in the Weddell Sea: A comparison of SSM/I, ULS, and GCM data
1 April, 2005 by David Vaughan, Hamish Pritchard, John Turner
Satellite radar interferometry data from 1995 to 2004, and airborne ice thickness data from 2002, reveal that the glaciers flowing into former Wordie Ice Shelf, West Antarctic Peninsula, discharge 6.8…30 March, 2005 by Gareth Chisham, Mervyn Freeman
Determining reliable proxies for the ionospheric signature of the open-closed field line boundary (OCB) is crucial for making accurate ionospheric measurements of many magnetospheric processes (e.g. magnetic reconnection). This study…30 March, 2005
When the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) encounters the Earth's magnetosphere, it is compressed and distorted. This distortion is known as draping, and plays an important role in the interaction between…Read more on A multi-spacecraft survey of magnetic field line draping in the dayside magnetosheath
1 March, 2005 by Mark Clilverd, Michael Rose
Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) are a pointer to summer mesospheric conditions and have fuelled the debate over temperature differences between the Antarctic and Arctic mesopause regions. However few PMSE…Read more on Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) at Halley (76°S, 27°W), Antarctica
1 February, 2005 by Mervyn Freeman
Simple laminar flow models of the magnetosheath plasma lead to predictions of large-scale reconnection structures on the dayside magnetopause. There is observational evidence from the ionosphere that such structures exist.…Read more on Fractal reconnection structures on the magnetopause
1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe
No abstract available for this article.Read more on The 2002 split ozone hole – the wave of the century?
1 January, 2005
Helicolenus dactylopterus is an Atlantic benthopelagic fish species inhabiting high-energy habitats on continental slopes, seamounts and islands. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial control region (D-loop) and cytochrome b (cyt b)…1 January, 2005 by Claire Allen
We present a high-resolution paleoceanographic record of deglaciation based on diatom assemblages from a core located just south of the Polar Front in the southwest Atlantic. Core KC073 is from…1 January, 2005
Small anomalies in ice-shelf surface temperature correlate with measured microtopography. Clear-sky thermal infrared (TIR) images of the Brunt Ice Shelf, Antarctica, frequently show persistent patterns of anomalous snow surface temperatures.…Read more on Ice-shelf microtopography observed using satellite thermal imagery
1 January, 2005
An autonomous Doppler sodar wind profiling system has been designed, built, tested, and then deployed for 2 years at a remote site in Coats Land, Antarctica. The system is designed…Read more on An autonomous Doppler Sodar wind profiling system
1 January, 2005
The upper Ordovician succession of Jordan was located ~60°S, less than 100 km from the Hirnantian ice sheet margin. New graptolite dates indicate glaciation ended in Jordan in the late…1 January, 2005 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
The sensitivity of Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland, to perturbations in equilibrium line altitude (ELA) is analyzed by performing a series of model experiments using a shallow ice approximation (SIA) flow…1 January, 2005 by Lloyd Peck
The escape swimming performance of the Antarctic scallop, Adamussium colbecki, was measured in animals acclimated for 6 weeks to –1, 0 or 2°C and tested at –1.5 to +1.5°C. Clap…1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
Body size in animals varies with many parameters, amongst them taxonomic affiliation, lifestyle and ambient environment oxygen levels. Size has considerable implication to possibilities for animals; for example, parasites need…Read more on Body and resource size at the land–sea interface
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes, Peter Milner, Peter Milner
Organisms have travelled the Atlantic Ocean as neuston and have rafted on natural marine debris for millions of years. Shipping increased opportunities for marine organism travel mere thousands of years…1 January, 2005 by David Barnes, Lloyd Peck
The physiology of many organisms in many places varies with seasonality of environment characteristics. Polar marine environments are amongst the least and most seasonal. For example, sea temperature varies byRead more on Extremes of metabolic strategy in Antarctic Bryozoa
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
The Scotia Arc links Patagonia to the Antarctic Peninsula. This island chain has changed considerably since Antarctica’s geographic and thermal isolation from other land and water masses. Now its rates…1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
A generation of people have now grown up thinking that shorelines strewn with anthropogenic artefacts is normal. Yet this pehnomenon is just a few decades old and aesthetics and beach…Read more on Remote islands reveal rapid rise of Southern Hemisphere sea debris
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes, Peter Convey
High southern latitude island environments are unusual in having relatively low or, in some cases, no non-indigenous species (NIS). Here we describe the accidental transport and survivorship of moths (Lepidoptera,…Read more on Odyssey of stow-away noctuid moths to southern polar islands
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
Polar shores probably represent the most dynamic and extremely disturbed environments on the globe. Nevertheless intense battles amongst sessile organisms for space are commonplace on hard substrata, mainly between fast-growing…Read more on Bipolar patterns of intraspecific competition in bryozoans
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
High polar communities tend to be young because of the frequent and intense impact of ice (scour), so colonisation patterns are particularly important. Yet, despite a wealth of studies at…Read more on Low colonisation on artificial substrata in arctic Spitsbergen
1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson, James Smith
This paper presents preliminary relative sea level curves for the Marguerite Bay region and for the South Shetland Islands. The Marguerite Bay curve is constrained by both new and previously…1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson, Stephen Roberts
The recent collapse of several Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves has been linked to rapid regional atmospheric warming during the twentieth century. New high-resolution lake sediment records of Holocene ice-shelf behavior…Read more on Early Holocene retreat of the George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2005 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
An updated compilation of published and new data of major-ion (Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Na, NO3, SO4) and methylsulfonate (MS) concentrations in snow from 520 Antarctic sites is provided by…1 January, 2005
Small metazoans such as marine nematodes are increasingly identified using both molecular and morphological techniques. Formalin is the preferred fixative for morphological analysis but specimens become unsuitable for molecular study…1 January, 2005 by Robert Larter
The risks posed by a range of acoustic scientific instruments were assessed by the construction of matrices of scale and likelihood. We recognized six levels of impact ranging from none…1 January, 2005
We review current knowledge and understanding of the biology and ecology of the calanoid copepod Calanus helgolandicus in European waters, as well as provide a collaborative synthesis of data from…Read more on An overview of Calanus helgolandicus ecology in European waters
1 January, 2005
Non-destructive photographic techniques are valuable for surveying benthic epifauna in sensitive areas. Inherent in these techniques, however, are selectivity biases related to the scale at which surveys are conducted. Such…1 January, 2005
Recruitment is a principal factor determining the establishment, diversity and persistence of assemblages in marine benthic ecosystems. Despite considerable research in temperate and tropical latitudes, however, almost nothing is known…Read more on Seasonality of recruitment in Antarctic sessile marine benthos
1 January, 2005 by David Pearce, Melody Clark
A monophialidic species of Paecilomyces was isolated from the Antarctic springtail Cryptopygus antarcticus in the peninsular Antarctic. The fungus emerged through the carapace of dead arthropods during incubation at 4oC,…1 January, 2005
Molecular data has been used in fungal systematics since the 1970s, and its rate of incorporation has increased significantly in recent years. In phylogeny molecular data has already been used…Read more on The impact of molecular data in fungal systematics
1 January, 2005
The copepod Boeckella poppei is a major species in high latitude lakes of the Southern Hemisphere. In such lakes the reduced diversity of metazoans contrasts with a rich microbial assemblage,…1 January, 2005
New collections of plant material from the Merrick and Sweeney Mountains provide further evidence of Jurassic floral diversity in the Antarctic Peninsula. Eighteen taxa are recognised, including sphenophytes (Equisetum), ferns…Read more on Macrofossil floras of the Latady Basin, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2005
Six new records of ferns from the late Albian flora of Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula, provide further evidence for a widespread Cretaceous Austral flora. Phyllopteroides antarctica sp. nov. is the…1 January, 2005
Based on the temporal distribution, abundance, and taxonomic composition of wood floras, four phases of vegetation development are recognized through the Cretaceous to Early Tertiary of the Antarctic Peninsula: (1)…1 January, 2005
Araucarian conifers are an important component of Cretaceous through Paleogene floras in the Antarctic Pensinsula. A well-preserved Eocene petrified trunk from Seymour Island, Antarctica reveals the growth form and bark…1 January, 2005 by Melody Clark
Twenty-one members of the secretin family (family 2) of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were identified via directed cloning and data-mining of the Fugu Genome Consortium database, representing the most comprehensive description…Read more on The secretin G-protein-coupled receptor family: teleost receptors
1 January, 2005
Empirical determination of the scaling properties and exponents of time series presents a formidable challenge in testing, and developing, a theoretical understanding of turbulence and other out-of-equilibrium phenomena. We discuss…1 January, 2005
Recently, Portelli et al (2003), Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 104501 have semi-numerically obtained a functional form of the probability distribution of fluctuations in the total energy flow in a model…1 January, 2005 by Gareth Chisham, Mai Mai Lam, Mervyn Freeman
The open-closed magnetic field line boundary (OCB) is best measured at the foot points of the boundary in the Earth's ionosphere where continuous and extensive spatiotemporal measurements can be made.…1 January, 2005 by Gareth Chisham, Mervyn Freeman
Determining reliable proxies for the ionospheric signature of the open-closed field line boundary (OCB) is crucial for making accurate measurements of magnetic reconnection. This study compares the latitudes of spectral…1 January, 2005 by Gareth Chisham
Gareth Chisham describes a new method for remotely sensing reconnection in the magnetosphere. This article is based on his poster, which won a 2005 Rishbeth Prize.1 January, 2005 by Andrew Clarke, Dominic Hodgson, David Barnes
The traditional view of Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean as an isolated system is now being challenged by the recent discovery at the Antarctic Peninsula of adult spider crabs…1 January, 2005 by Mark Clilverd
The robustness of the aa geomagnetic index is of critical importance to the debate about the previously reported doubling of the solar coronal magnetic field in the last 100 years,…1 January, 2005 by Mark Clilverd
We have modeled the effects of the Sodankylä Ion Chemistry model (SIC) electron density profiles on VLF propagation across the southern polar region during the first few days of the…Read more on Modeling a large solar proton event in the southern polar atmosphere
1 January, 2005
Dried monolayers of Chroococcidiopsis sp. 029, a desiccation-tolerant, endolithic cyanobacterium, were exposed to a simulated martian-surface UV and visible light flux, which may also approximate to the worst-case scenario for…Read more on Effects of a simulated Martian UV flux on the cyanobacterium, Chroococcidiopsis sp. 029
1 January, 2005 by Martin Collins
Body size trends across environmental gradients are widely reported but poorly understood. Here, we investigate contrasting relationships between size (body mass) and depth in the scavenging and predatory demersal ichthyofauna…1 January, 2005 by Martin Collins
A new species of cirrate octopod, Opisthoteuthis borealis sp. nov. is described from specimens caught at depths of 957–1321 m off the coast of Greenland. Opisthoteuthis borealis sp. nov. is…Read more on Opisthoteuthis borealis: a new species of cirrate octopod from Greenland waters
1 January, 2005 by Peter Convey
No Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) are known to be residents of South Georgia. This paper presents new records of three lepidopterans on the island. Two, Agrotis ipsilon (Noctuidae) and Plutella…Read more on Recent lepidopteran records from sub-Antarctic South Georgia
1 January, 2005 by Peter Convey, Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
We describe a terrestrial faunal community including only Tardigrada and Rotifera, present on inland nunataks of Ellsworth Land, Antarctica (∼75°–77° S, 70°–73° W). The fauna is exceptional in its simplicity,…Read more on Exceptional tardigrade-dominated ecosystems in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica
1 January, 2005
Many phyla of marine invertebrates are difficult to identify using conventional morphological taxonomy. Larvae of a wider set of phyla are also difficult to identify as a result of conservation…1 January, 2005 by Adrian Fox, David Vaughan
The continued retreat of ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula has been widely attributed to recent atmospheric warming, but there is little published work describing changes in glacier margin positions.…Read more on Retreating glacier fronts on the Antarctic Peninsula over the past half-century
1 January, 2005
Background Animal mitochondrial genomes are physically separate from the much larger nuclear genomes and have proven useful both for phylogenetic studies and for understanding genome evolution. Within the phylum Arthropoda…Read more on The complete mitochondrial genome of the stomatopod crustacean Squilla mantis
1 January, 2005
Ian Crawford and Charles Cockell report on a wide-ranging RAS Discussion Meeting putting the broad scientific case for people in space, at the Linnean Society on 10 December 2004. Despite…Read more on The scientific case for human space exploration
1 January, 2005 by Janet Silk, Richard Phillips, Vsevolod Afanasyev
Although albatrosses are paradigms of oceanic specialization, their foraging areas and migration routes when not breeding remain essentially unknown. Our continuous remote tracking of 22 adult gray-headed albatrosses for over…Read more on Global circumnavigations: tracking year-round ranges of nonbreeding albatrosses
1 January, 2005
The biologically damaging solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation (quantified by the DNA-weighted dose) reaches the martian surface in extremely high levels. Searching for potentially habitable UV-protected environments on Mars, we considered…Read more on Radiative habitable zones in martian polar environments
1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe
Here we present an operational method to improve accuracy and information content of ground-based measurements of stratospheric NO2. The motive is to improve the investigation of trends in NO2, and…1 January, 2005
We describe in situ observations on nesting by the Scotia Sea (or blackfin) icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus (Lönnberg) that constitute the first substantive evidence of egg brooding and parental care by…1 January, 2005
Joint inversion of isochron and flow line data from the flanks of the extinct West Scotia Ridge spreading center yields five reconstruction rotations for times between the inception of spreading…1 January, 2005
With proposals that micro-miniaturised Raman spectrometers could soon be part of a suite of analytical instrumentation on the surface of Mars, it is critically important to examine the spectral information…1 January, 2005
We present a new European Mars mission proposal to build on the UK-led Beagle2 Mars mission and continue its astrobiology-focussed investigation of Mars. The small surface element to be delivered…Read more on Vanguard — a European robotic astrobiology-focussed Mars sub-surface mission proposal
1 January, 2005 by Geraint Tarling
A biophysical model of the Irish Sea was produced to predict net horizontal movement of key taxa including small copepods (Acartia, Pseudocalanus), large copepod species (Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus),…1 January, 2005
Geological and geophysical data from the NE Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf are used to reconstruct the glacial history, flow-dynamics and sedimentation of the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS) along its…1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe
An offline 3D chemical transport model (CTM) has been used to study the evolution of the Antarctic ozone hole during the sudden warming event of 2002 and to compare it…1 January, 2005 by Fausto Ferraccioli, Philip Leat
Determining the location and geometry of possible subglacial rifts in western Dronning Maud Land is a key element to address processes leading to early Gondwana break-up. However, previous geophysical investigations…1 January, 2005 by Fausto Ferraccioli, Philip Leat, Teal Riley
The Jutulstraumen ice stream in western Dronning Maud Land may conceal a Jurassic continental rift. Delineating the geometry and the magmatic patterns of this inferred glaciated rift in East Antarctica…1 January, 2005
Depleted mantle model ages derived from granitoids of the Lassiter Coast Intrusive Suite, sampled over a wide geographical area in eastern Ellsworth Land, Antarctica, cluster between 1000 Ma and 1200…1 January, 2005
Granulite-facies metamorphism affecting the Slishwood Division was extreme. Three samples yielded P–T conditions of 15.8, 14, 14.9kbar at 810, 750 and 880°C, respectively. Four Sm–Nd mineral isochrons, defined by granulite-facies…1 January, 2005
A set of polymerase chain reaction primers were designed, which amplify a c. 1 kb fragment of the 18S ribosomal DNA gene, and are specific to the phylum Nematoda. These…Read more on Nematode-specific PCR primers for the 18S small subunit rRNA gene
1 January, 2005 by Eugene Murphy, Jaume Forcada, Philip Trathan
Climate variability has strong effects on marine ecosystems, with repercussions that range in scale from those that impact individuals to those that impact the entire food web. Climate-induced changes in…Read more on The effects of global climate variability in pup production of Antarctic fur seals
1 January, 2005
We investigated trophic ecology variation among colonies as well as sex- and age-related differences in the diet of the southern giant petrel Macronectes giganteus, a long-lived seabird that is sexually…1 January, 2005
In this report daily ground-based measurements of vertical profiles of CO and H2O from 2002 are used to trace the vertical movement of air caused by the seasonally varying mean…1 January, 2005 by Adrian Fox, David Vaughan
In recent decades, several ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula have diminished in size as a result of climate warming. Using aerial photographic, satellite and survey data we document a…Read more on The retreat of Jones Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2005 by Peter Convey
Alien microbes, fungi, plants and animals occur on most of the sub-Antarctic islands and some parts of the Antarctic continent. These have arrived over approximately the last two centuries, coincident…Read more on Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications
1 January, 2005 by Andrew Clarke
The bathyal West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) shelf experiences intense seasonal variability in primary production, with summer phytoplankton blooms yielding intense pulse of phytodetritus to shelf sediments. Echinoderms form a conspicuous…1 January, 2005
Placopsis antarctica, which is apparently endemic to antarctic regions south of lat. 60°S (South Orkney Is, South Shetland Is and the Antarctic Peninsula), is described. Details of its morphology, anatomy,…Read more on A new species of Placopsis (Agyriaceae: Ascomycota) from Antarctica
1 January, 2005
Vahlkampfia signyensis n. sp. was isolated from two soil sites at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctic. Trophozoites of the species had a typical vahlkampfiid morphology, showed eruptive movement…1 January, 2005 by Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
We present a new computer code (PADIE) that calculates fully relativistic quasi-linear pitch angle and energy diffusion coefficients for resonant wave-particle interactions in a magnetized plasma. Unlike previous codes, the…Read more on Calculation of pitch angle and energy diffusion coefficients with the PADIE code
1 January, 2005
Macaroni penguins were implanted with data loggers to record heart rate (fH), abdominal temperature (Tab) and diving depth during their pre-moult trip (summer) and winter migration. The penguins showed substantial…Read more on Do seasonal changes in metabolic rate facilitate changes in diving behaviour?