New proxy for reconnection
1 January, 2005 by Gareth Chisham
Gareth Chisham describes a new method for remotely sensing reconnection in the magnetosphere. This article is based on his poster, which won a 2005 Rishbeth Prize.Our publications
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How isolated is Antarctica?
1 January, 2005 by Andrew Clarke, Dominic Hodgson, David Barnes
The traditional view of Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean as an isolated system is now being challenged by the recent discovery at the Antarctic Peninsula of adult spider crabs…Reconstructing the long-term aa index
1 January, 2005 by Mark Clilverd
The robustness of the aa geomagnetic index is of critical importance to the debate about the previously reported doubling of the solar coronal magnetic field in the last 100 years,…Modeling a large solar proton event in the southern polar atmosphere
1 January, 2005 by Mark Clilverd
We have modeled the effects of the Sodankylä Ion Chemistry model (SIC) electron density profiles on VLF propagation across the southern polar region during the first few days of the…Read more on Modeling a large solar proton event in the southern polar atmosphere
Effects of a simulated Martian UV flux on the cyanobacterium, Chroococcidiopsis sp. 029
1 January, 2005
Dried monolayers of Chroococcidiopsis sp. 029, a desiccation-tolerant, endolithic cyanobacterium, were exposed to a simulated martian-surface UV and visible light flux, which may also approximate to the worst-case scenario for…Read more on Effects of a simulated Martian UV flux on the cyanobacterium, Chroococcidiopsis sp. 029
Trends in body size across an environmental gradient: A differential response in scavenging and non-scavenging demersal deep-sea fish
1 January, 2005 by Martin Collins
Body size trends across environmental gradients are widely reported but poorly understood. Here, we investigate contrasting relationships between size (body mass) and depth in the scavenging and predatory demersal ichthyofauna…Opisthoteuthis borealis: a new species of cirrate octopod from Greenland waters
1 January, 2005 by Martin Collins
A new species of cirrate octopod, Opisthoteuthis borealis sp. nov. is described from specimens caught at depths of 957–1321 m off the coast of Greenland. Opisthoteuthis borealis sp. nov. is…Read more on Opisthoteuthis borealis: a new species of cirrate octopod from Greenland waters
Recent lepidopteran records from sub-Antarctic South Georgia
1 January, 2005 by Peter Convey
No Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) are known to be residents of South Georgia. This paper presents new records of three lepidopterans on the island. Two, Agrotis ipsilon (Noctuidae) and Plutella…Read more on Recent lepidopteran records from sub-Antarctic South Georgia
Exceptional tardigrade-dominated ecosystems in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica
1 January, 2005 by Peter Convey, Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
We describe a terrestrial faunal community including only Tardigrada and Rotifera, present on inland nunataks of Ellsworth Land, Antarctica (∼75°–77° S, 70°–73° W). The fauna is exceptional in its simplicity,…Read more on Exceptional tardigrade-dominated ecosystems in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) as a tool for identification of marine nematodes
1 January, 2005
Many phyla of marine invertebrates are difficult to identify using conventional morphological taxonomy. Larvae of a wider set of phyla are also difficult to identify as a result of conservation…Retreating glacier fronts on the Antarctic Peninsula over the past half-century
1 January, 2005 by Adrian Fox, David Vaughan
The continued retreat of ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula has been widely attributed to recent atmospheric warming, but there is little published work describing changes in glacier margin positions.…Read more on Retreating glacier fronts on the Antarctic Peninsula over the past half-century
The complete mitochondrial genome of the stomatopod crustacean Squilla mantis
1 January, 2005
Background Animal mitochondrial genomes are physically separate from the much larger nuclear genomes and have proven useful both for phylogenetic studies and for understanding genome evolution. Within the phylum Arthropoda…Read more on The complete mitochondrial genome of the stomatopod crustacean Squilla mantis
The scientific case for human space exploration
1 January, 2005
Ian Crawford and Charles Cockell report on a wide-ranging RAS Discussion Meeting putting the broad scientific case for people in space, at the Linnean Society on 10 December 2004. Despite…Read more on The scientific case for human space exploration
Global circumnavigations: tracking year-round ranges of nonbreeding albatrosses
1 January, 2005 by Janet Silk, Richard Phillips, Vsevolod Afanasyev
Although albatrosses are paradigms of oceanic specialization, their foraging areas and migration routes when not breeding remain essentially unknown. Our continuous remote tracking of 22 adult gray-headed albatrosses for over…Read more on Global circumnavigations: tracking year-round ranges of nonbreeding albatrosses
Radiative habitable zones in martian polar environments
1 January, 2005
The biologically damaging solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation (quantified by the DNA-weighted dose) reaches the martian surface in extremely high levels. Searching for potentially habitable UV-protected environments on Mars, we considered…Read more on Radiative habitable zones in martian polar environments
A new software suite for NO2 vertical profile retrieval from ground-based zenith-sky spectrometers
1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe
Here we present an operational method to improve accuracy and information content of ground-based measurements of stratospheric NO2. The motive is to improve the investigation of trends in NO2, and…Nesting behavior of the icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus at Bouvetøya Island, Southern Ocean
1 January, 2005
We describe in situ observations on nesting by the Scotia Sea (or blackfin) icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus (Lönnberg) that constitute the first substantive evidence of egg brooding and parental care by…Tectonic evolution of the west Scotia Sea
1 January, 2005
Joint inversion of isochron and flow line data from the flanks of the extinct West Scotia Ridge spreading center yields five reconstruction rotations for times between the inception of spreading…Raman spectroscopic detection of key biomarkers of cyanobacteria and lichen symbiosis in extreme Antarctic habitats: Evaluation for Mars Lander missions
1 January, 2005
With proposals that micro-miniaturised Raman spectrometers could soon be part of a suite of analytical instrumentation on the surface of Mars, it is critically important to examine the spectral information…Vanguard — a European robotic astrobiology-focussed Mars sub-surface mission proposal
1 January, 2005
We present a new European Mars mission proposal to build on the UK-led Beagle2 Mars mission and continue its astrobiology-focussed investigation of Mars. The small surface element to be delivered…Read more on Vanguard — a European robotic astrobiology-focussed Mars sub-surface mission proposal
The effect of vertical migration strategy on retention and dispersion in the Irish Sea during spring–summer
1 January, 2005 by Geraint Tarling
A biophysical model of the Irish Sea was produced to predict net horizontal movement of key taxa including small copepods (Acartia, Pseudocalanus), large copepod species (Calanus finmarchicus and C. helgolandicus),…Late Quaternary glacial history, flow dynamics and sedimentation along the eastern margin of the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet
1 January, 2005
Geological and geophysical data from the NE Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf are used to reconstruct the glacial history, flow-dynamics and sedimentation of the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS) along its…Three-dimensional model study of the Antarctic ozone hole in 2002 and comparison with 2000
1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe
An offline 3D chemical transport model (CTM) has been used to study the evolution of the Antarctic ozone hole during the sudden warming event of 2002 and to compare it…Subglacial imprints of early Gondwana break-up as identified from high resolution aerogeophysical data over western Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
1 January, 2005 by Fausto Ferraccioli, Philip Leat
Determining the location and geometry of possible subglacial rifts in western Dronning Maud Land is a key element to address processes leading to early Gondwana break-up. However, previous geophysical investigations…Tectonic and magmatic patterns in the Jutulstraumen rift (?) region, East Antarctica, as imaged by high-resolution aeromagnetic data
1 January, 2005 by Fausto Ferraccioli, Philip Leat, Teal Riley
The Jutulstraumen ice stream in western Dronning Maud Land may conceal a Jurassic continental rift. Delineating the geometry and the magmatic patterns of this inferred glaciated rift in East Antarctica…Age and tectonic significance of the Lassiter Coast Intrusive Suite, Eastern Ellsworth Land, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2005
Depleted mantle model ages derived from granitoids of the Lassiter Coast Intrusive Suite, sampled over a wide geographical area in eastern Ellsworth Land, Antarctica, cluster between 1000 Ma and 1200…Sm–Nd mineral ages and P–T constraints on the pre-Grampian high grade metamorphism of the Slishwood Division, north-west Ireland.
1 January, 2005
Granulite-facies metamorphism affecting the Slishwood Division was extreme. Three samples yielded P–T conditions of 15.8, 14, 14.9kbar at 810, 750 and 880°C, respectively. Four Sm–Nd mineral isochrons, defined by granulite-facies…Nematode-specific PCR primers for the 18S small subunit rRNA gene
1 January, 2005
A set of polymerase chain reaction primers were designed, which amplify a c. 1 kb fragment of the 18S ribosomal DNA gene, and are specific to the phylum Nematoda. These…Read more on Nematode-specific PCR primers for the 18S small subunit rRNA gene
The effects of global climate variability in pup production of Antarctic fur seals
1 January, 2005 by Eugene Murphy, Jaume Forcada, Philip Trathan
Climate variability has strong effects on marine ecosystems, with repercussions that range in scale from those that impact individuals to those that impact the entire food web. Climate-induced changes in…Read more on The effects of global climate variability in pup production of Antarctic fur seals
Stable isotopes reveal trophic segregation by sex and age in the southern giant petrel in two different food webs
1 January, 2005
We investigated trophic ecology variation among colonies as well as sex- and age-related differences in the diet of the southern giant petrel Macronectes giganteus, a long-lived seabird that is sexually…Observing the vertical branch of the mesospheric circulation at latitude 60°N using ground-based measurements of CO and H2O
1 January, 2005
In this report daily ground-based measurements of vertical profiles of CO and H2O from 2002 are used to trace the vertical movement of air caused by the seasonally varying mean…The retreat of Jones Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2005 by Adrian Fox, David Vaughan
In recent decades, several ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula have diminished in size as a result of climate warming. Using aerial photographic, satellite and survey data we document a…Read more on The retreat of Jones Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications
1 January, 2005 by Peter Convey
Alien microbes, fungi, plants and animals occur on most of the sub-Antarctic islands and some parts of the Antarctic continent. These have arrived over approximately the last two centuries, coincident…Read more on Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications
Reproductive biology and biochemical composition of the brooding echinoid Amphipneustes lorioli on the Antarctic continental shelf
1 January, 2005 by Andrew Clarke
The bathyal West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) shelf experiences intense seasonal variability in primary production, with summer phytoplankton blooms yielding intense pulse of phytodetritus to shelf sediments. Echinoderms form a conspicuous…A new species of Placopsis (Agyriaceae: Ascomycota) from Antarctica
1 January, 2005
Placopsis antarctica, which is apparently endemic to antarctic regions south of lat. 60°S (South Orkney Is, South Shetland Is and the Antarctic Peninsula), is described. Details of its morphology, anatomy,…Read more on A new species of Placopsis (Agyriaceae: Ascomycota) from Antarctica
Description of Vahlkampfia signyensis n. sp. (Heterolobosea), based on morphological, ultrastructural and molecular characteristics
1 January, 2005
Vahlkampfia signyensis n. sp. was isolated from two soil sites at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, maritime Antarctic. Trophozoites of the species had a typical vahlkampfiid morphology, showed eruptive movement…Calculation of pitch angle and energy diffusion coefficients with the PADIE code
1 January, 2005 by Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
We present a new computer code (PADIE) that calculates fully relativistic quasi-linear pitch angle and energy diffusion coefficients for resonant wave-particle interactions in a magnetized plasma. Unlike previous codes, the…Read more on Calculation of pitch angle and energy diffusion coefficients with the PADIE code
Do seasonal changes in metabolic rate facilitate changes in diving behaviour?
1 January, 2005
Macaroni penguins were implanted with data loggers to record heart rate (fH), abdominal temperature (Tab) and diving depth during their pre-moult trip (summer) and winter migration. The penguins showed substantial…Read more on Do seasonal changes in metabolic rate facilitate changes in diving behaviour?
Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins
1 January, 2005
Penguins are major consumers in the marine environment. However, like many top predators, very little information exists on their foraging behaviour outside the breeding season. We investigated the foraging behaviour…Read more on Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins
The climate of the future: clues from three million years ago
1 January, 2005
In the eighteenth century, James Hutton came up with a theory that revolutionized the science of geology, ‘The present is a key to the past’. But could the past also…Read more on The climate of the future: clues from three million years ago
Evidence for stasis in the regional wind pattern of the western Mediterranean since the mid-Pleistocene
1 January, 2005
Abstract not available for this article.Warmer tropics during the mid-Pliocene? Evidence from alkenone paleothermometry and a fully coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM
1 January, 2005
Traditional reconstructions of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) produced by the Pliocene Research Interpretations and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) Group indicate that mid-Pliocene surface ocean temperatures were unchanged or slightly cooler than modern…Seasonal variations in the horizontal wind structure from 0-100 km above Rothera station, Antarctica (67° S, 68° W)
1 January, 2005 by Jonathan Shanklin
A medium frequency spaced-antenna radar has been operating at Rothera station, Antarctica (67° S, 68° W) for two periods, between 1997-1998 and since 2002, measuring winds in the mesosphere and…Recruitment of mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) at South Georgia indicated by predator diets and its relationship with sea surface temperature
1 January, 2005 by Simeon Hill
The South Georgia population of mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) is exploited by both a fishery and predators, including gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua). Because considerable uncertainty surrounds recent estimates of stock…The sedimentary record of the last glaciation in the western Bellingshausen Sea (West Antarctica): Implications for the interpretation of diamictons in a polar-marine setting
1 January, 2005 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Upper Quaternary marine sediments recovered from the West Antarctic continental margin are characterized by a distinct lithological succession allowing the reconstruction of past environmental changes. Massive, homogenous diamictons were deposited…Errors in juvenile copepod growth rate estimates are widespread: problems with the Moult Rate method
1 January, 2005
The ‘Moult Rate’ (MR) method has been used widely to derive stage-specific growth rates in juvenile copepods. It is the most common field-based method. Unfortunately, the equation underlying the method…A 7000-year record of oribatid mite communities on a maritime-Antarctic island: responses to climate change
1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson, Peter Convey
We studied the fossil remains of the common Antarctic oribatid mites, Alaskozetes antarcticus and Halozetes belgicae, in sediment cores from two lakes in adjacent catchments on Signy Island, South Orkney…Late Quaternary climate-driven environmental change in the Larsemann Hills, east Antarctica, multi-proxy evidence from a lake sediment core
1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson
Little is known about the response of terrestrial East Antarctica to climate changes during the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Here we present a continuous sediment record from a lake in the…Late Pleistocene record of elevated UV radiation in an Antarctic lake
1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson
Elevated ultraviolet irradiance (UVR, 280–400 nm) damages DNA and induces reorganisation within biological communities at the Earth's surface. Southern high latitude aquatic ecosystems may be particularly susceptible because of low…Read more on Late Pleistocene record of elevated UV radiation in an Antarctic lake
Ascent exhalations of Antarctic fur seals: a behavioural adaptation for breath-hold diving?
1 January, 2005
Novel observations collected from video, acoustic and conductivity sensors showed that Antarctic fur seals consistently exhale during the last 50–85% of ascent from all dives (10–160 m, n>8000 dives from…Timescale for radiation belt electron acceleration by whistler mode chorus waves
1 January, 2005 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
Electron acceleration inside the Earth's magnetosphere is required to explain increases in the ∼MeV radiation belt electron flux during magnetically disturbed periods. Recent studies show that electron acceleration by whistler…Read more on Timescale for radiation belt electron acceleration by whistler mode chorus waves
Wave acceleration of electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts
1 January, 2005 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
The Van Allen radiation belts are two regions encircling the Earth in which energetic charged particles are trapped inside the Earth's magnetic field. Their properties vary according to solar activity…Read more on Wave acceleration of electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts
Metamorphosed palaeosols associated with Cretaceous fossil forests, Alexander Island, Antarctica
1 January, 2005
Fossil soils are present within mid-Cretaceous fluvial sediments of the Fossil Bluff Group, Alexander Island, Antarctica. The palaeosols contain in situ fossil trees and rooted plants. These palaeosols are typically…Gonad fatty acids and trophic interactions of the echinoid Psammechinus miliaris
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
Variation in gonadal somatic indices (GSI) and fatty acid signatures of 2 contrasting Scottish west coast populations of the echinoid Psammechinus miliaris were examined. P. miliaris was sampled from both…Read more on Gonad fatty acids and trophic interactions of the echinoid Psammechinus miliaris
Effect of Antarctic solar radiation on sewage bacteria viability
1 January, 2005 by Kevin Hughes
The majority of coastal Antarctic research stations discard untreated sewage waste into the near-shore marine environment. However, Antarctic solar conditions are unique, with ozone depletion increasing the proportion of potentially…Read more on Effect of Antarctic solar radiation on sewage bacteria viability
Alien fly populations established at two Antarctic research stations
1 January, 2005 by Kevin Hughes, Peter Convey
The populations of two non-native Dipterans have been established at two Antarctic research stations since at least 1998. Both belong to Sciaridae ("black fungus midge"), and have been determined to…Read more on Alien fly populations established at two Antarctic research stations
Mid-Jurassic age for the Botany Bay Group: implications for Weddell Sea Basin creation and southern hemisphere biostratigraphy
1 January, 2005
New U–Pb zircon ion-microprobe ages from the alluvial conglomerates and flood plain sediments of the Botany Bay Group demonstrate that sedimentation occurred at c. 167 Ma, coeval with rift-related silicic…Short-term effects of data-loggers on Cory’s shearwater (Calonectris diomedea)
1 January, 2005
We investigated the possible effects of a 12-g data-logger attached to a darvic ring on the performance of Coryrsquos shearwater (Calonectris diomedea, 600–850 g) from two different colonies in the…Read more on Short-term effects of data-loggers on Cory’s shearwater (Calonectris diomedea)
The methanesulfonic acid (MSA) record in a Svalbard ice core
1 January, 2005 by Robert Mulvaney
Svalbard ice cores have not yet been fully exploited for studies of climate and environmental conditions. In one recently drilled ice core from Lomonosovfonna, we have studied the methanesulfonic acid…Read more on The methanesulfonic acid (MSA) record in a Svalbard ice core
Observed tidal variation in the lower thermosphere through the 20th century and the possible implication of ozone depletion
1 January, 2005
Climatological change in the tides in the lower thermosphere has been estimated at five different latitudes using wavelet analysis of geomagnetic data series extending back to the beginning of the…Accumulation variability over a small area in east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, as determined from shallow firn cores and snow pits: some implications for ice-core records
1 January, 2005 by Robert Mulvaney
We investigate and quantify the variability of snow accumulation rate around a medium-depth firn core (160 m) drilled in east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica (75°00′S, 15°00′E; 3470 m h.a.e. (ellipsoidal…The 800 year long ion record from the Lomonosovfonna (Svalbard) ice core
1 January, 2005 by Robert Mulvaney
We present a high-resolution record of water-soluble ion chemistry from a 121 m ice core spanning about 800 years. The core is well dated to 2/3 depth using cycle counting…Read more on The 800 year long ion record from the Lomonosovfonna (Svalbard) ice core
Validation of ocean tide models around Antarctica using onshore GPS and gravity data
1 January, 2005 by Ed King
Ocean tide models around Antarctica are presently only sparsely tested against independent data. Ocean tide modeling errors, along with subsequent ocean tide loading (OTL) displacement modeling errors, alias into altimetry…Read more on Validation of ocean tide models around Antarctica using onshore GPS and gravity data
Primary production across the Scotia Sea in relation to the physico-chemical environment
1 January, 2005 by Sally Thorpe
During the austral summer of 2003, a large scale survey of the Scotia Sea was undertaken by the British Antarctic Survey as part of the Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems…Palaeomagnetic, 40Ar/39Ar, and stratigraphical correlation of Miocene–Pliocene basalts in the Brandy Bay area, James Ross Island, Antarctica
1 January, 2005
A revised stratigraphy of Cenozoic volcanic outcrops in the Brandy Bay area on James Ross Island is obtained by combining palaeomagnetic and stratigraphical anlysis with 40Ar/39Ar dating. The fieldwork was…Microhabitat diversity of Svalbard Bryozoa
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
Bryozoans are one of the major macrofaunal groups of the high polar regions. Here we present data on the nature of bryozoan assemblages in the Svalbard Archipelago sampled over 6…Role of sea ice in forcing the winter climate of Antarctica in a global climate model
1 January, 2005 by Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Two different experiments have been conducted using the Hadley Centre's atmosphere-only, global climate model to investigate the role of sea ice in forcing the Antarctic climate during the winter months.…Read more on Role of sea ice in forcing the winter climate of Antarctica in a global climate model
Thinking big – taking a large-scale approach to seabird bycatch
1 January, 2005
No abstract available for this article.Read more on Thinking big – taking a large-scale approach to seabird bycatch
Paleogene opening of Drake Passage
1 January, 2005
The timing of events leading to the earliest connection between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans at Drake Passage is controversial but important, because gateway opening probably had a profound effect…Modeling entrainment of sedimentary particles by wind and water: A generalized approach
1 January, 2005 by Hua Lu
For long-standing theoretical reasons, it is often asserted that the threshold shear stress for entrainment of sedimentary particles (τ*t = ρfu*2t, made dimensionless as A = ρfu*2t/((ρp − ρf)gd)) has…Read more on Modeling entrainment of sedimentary particles by wind and water: A generalized approach
Solar wind-magnetosphere coupling leading to relativistic electron energization during high-speed streams
1 January, 2005 by Richard Horne
Enhancements in relativistic electron fluxes in the outer radiation belt often occur following magnetic storms and have been suggested to result from resonant interactions with enhanced whistler-mode chorus emissions observed…Seasonal stratification and tidal current profiles along Ronne Ice Front
1 January, 2005 by Keith Makinson
Throughout much of the year a coastal polynya along Ronne Ice Front in the southern Weddell Sea is maintained by winds blowing from Ronne Ice Shelf and tidal divergence [Foldvik…Read more on Seasonal stratification and tidal current profiles along Ronne Ice Front
The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE): an overview
1 January, 2005 by Robert Mulvaney
From its original formulation in 1990 the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) has had as its primary aim the collection and interpretation of a continent-wide array of environmental parameters assembled…Read more on The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE): an overview
Tardigrade fauna of the South Sandwich Islands, maritime Antarctic
1 January, 2005 by Peter Convey, Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
The maritime Antarctic South Sandwich Islands are an isolated oceanic archipelago of volcanic origin lying between 56º18'S, 27º34'W and 59º27'S, 27º22'W. All the islands are of recent origin (maximum ages…Read more on Tardigrade fauna of the South Sandwich Islands, maritime Antarctic
Variability in hydrographic conditions to the east and northwest of South Georgia, 1996–2001
1 January, 2005 by Eugene Murphy, Michael Meredith, Philip Trathan, Sally Thorpe
Six years of high-resolution hydrographic data from the eastern and northwestern sides of South Georgia (southwest Atlantic) are used to study the changing circulation and water mass properties of the…Tardigrades of the Australian Antarctic: Hypsibius heardensis (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae: dujardini group) a new species from sub-Antarctic Heard Island
1 January, 2005 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
A new species, Hypsibius heardensis sp. nov. (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) is described from samples collected during the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) 1986-87 expedition to Heard Island, in the…Biogeological Raman spectroscopic studies of Antarctic lacustrine sediments
1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson
Analysis of lacustrine sediments is an accepted method for deciphering the palaeoenvironment of a lake's catchment area, as each strata of the sediment gives information about the rock type it…Read more on Biogeological Raman spectroscopic studies of Antarctic lacustrine sediments
Molecular detection and isolation from Antarctica of methylotrophic bacteria able to grow with methylated sulfur compounds
1 January, 2005 by David Pearce
This study is the first demonstration that a diverse facultatively methylotrophic microbiota exists in some Antarctic locations. PCR amplification of genes diagnostic for methylotrophs was carried out with bacterial DNA…Isolation and properties of methanesulfonate-degrading Afipia felis from Antarctica and comparison with other strains of A. felis
1 January, 2005 by David Pearce
Three novel strains of methylotrophic Afipia felis were isolated from several locations on Signy Island, Antarctica, and a fourth from estuary sediment from the River Douro, Portugal. They were identified…Daily otolith increment validation in larval mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari
1 January, 2005 by Mark Belchier, Simon Morley
Mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari, larvae were sampled by weekly plankton tows in Cumberland Bay South Georgia. The formation of daily growth increments in sagittal otoliths was validated from larvae sampled…Read more on Daily otolith increment validation in larval mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari
Evidence against an Antarctic stratospheric vortex split during the periods of pre-IGY temperature measurements
1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe
Historic upper-air observations from Antarctica are inspected to investigate the uniqueness of the vortex split in the Antarctic spring of 2002. No comprehensive meteorological observations are available prior to the…Sequential reduction of UV-B radiation in the field alters the pigmentation of an Antarctic leafy liverwort
1 January, 2005 by Helen Peat, Kevin Newsham, Paul Geissler
UV-B radiation (280–315 nm), incident on the leafy liverwort Cephaloziella varians growing at Rothera Point on the Western Antarctic Peninsula, was manipulated in late austral spring 1998 by screens consisting…Mackerel icefish size and age differences and long-term change at South Georgia and Shag Rocks
1 January, 2005
This study analysed the total length (LT)-frequency distribution of mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari at South Georgia and Shag Rocks from nine bottom trawl surveys at South Georgia and eight at…Flow dynamics and till genesis associated with a marine-based Antarctic palaeo-ice stream
1 January, 2005 by Claire Allen
Geophysical and geological data indicate that during the last glacial cycle a palaeo-ice stream drained the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS) through Marguerite Bay to the edge of the continental…Flow of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet on the continental margin of the Bellingshausen Sea at the Last Glacial Maximum
1 January, 2005 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Robert Larter
Geophysical data show that during the last glaciation the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) drained to the continental shelf edge of the Bellingshausen Sea through a cross-shelf bathymetric trough (Belgica…New microsatellite markers in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) derived from an enriched genomic library and sequence databases
1 January, 2005 by Melody Clark
Scophthalmus maximus is an important commercially aquaculture fish species. We tackle the search for new microsatellites using two different approaches: an enriched partial genomic library and a screening of all…Signatures of the nightside open–closed magnetic field-line boundary during moderately disturbed conditions and ionospheric substorms
1 January, 2005 by Michael Pinnock
The comparatively low latitude of the Tasman International Geospace Environment Radar (TIGER) (147.2°E, 43.4°S, geographic; −54.6°Λ), a Southern Hemisphere HF SuperDARN radar, facilitates the observation of extensive backscatter from decametre-scale…Interhemispheric asymmetries in the occurrence of magnetically conjugate sub-auroral polarisation streams
1 January, 2005 by Michael Pinnock
Earthward injections of energetic ions and electrons mark the onset of magnetospheric substorms. In the inner magnetosphere (L~4), the energetic ions drift westward and the electrons eastward, thereby enhancing the…First recorded eruption of Mount Belinda volcano (Montagu Island), South Sandwich Islands
1 January, 2005
The MODVOLC satellite monitoring system has revealed the first recorded eruption of Mount Belinda volcano, on Montagu Island in the remote South Sandwich Islands. Here we present some initial qualitative…The structure and stability of the bacterioplankton community in Antarctic freshwater lakes, subject to extremely rapid environmental change
1 January, 2005 by David Pearce
In this study, variation in the bacterioplankton community structure of three Antarctic lakes of different nutrient status, was determined in relation to physical and chemical gradients at depth and at…Significant changes in the bacterioplankton community structure of a maritime Antarctic freshwater lake following nutrient enrichment
1 January, 2005 by David Pearce, Kevin Newsham
Nutrient enrichment is known to increase bacterioplankton population density in a variety of Antarctic freshwater lakes. However, relatively little is known about the associated changes in species composition. In this…Prospects for survival in the Southern Ocean: vulnerability of benthic species to temperature change
1 January, 2005 by Lloyd Peck
Organisms have a limited number of responses that enhance survival in changing environments. They can: 1. Cope within existing physiological flexibility; 2. Adapt to changing conditions; or 3. Migrate to…Prospects for surviving climate change in Antarctic aquatic species
1 January, 2005 by Lloyd Peck
Maritime Antarctic freshwater habitats are amongst the fastest changing environments on Earth. Temperatures have risen around 1°C and ice cover has dramatically decreased in 15 years. Few animal species inhabit…Read more on Prospects for surviving climate change in Antarctic aquatic species
Responses to extreme seasonality in food supply: diet plasticity in Antarctic brachiopods
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes, Lloyd Peck
The ice gouged, shallow, polar seabed is a challenging place to live, but suspension feeders are particularly rich and abundant there. The extreme seasonality of food supply from phytoplankton at…Genomics: applications to Antarctic ecosystems
1 January, 2005 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark, Peter Convey
Biological research in Antarctica has made considerable progress in science over recent decades. As little as 50 years ago, there was scant knowledge even of the species inhabiting the region.…Limitation of size by hypoxia in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster
1 January, 2005 by Lloyd Peck
The size of an organism is of fundamental importance in all biological processes. It dictates many of the critical interactions and physical factors that delimit the envelope within which an…Read more on Limitation of size by hypoxia in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster