Showing 11923 items
1 January, 2003 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff
[1] Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the wavelength and temperature dependence of NO and NO2 release from Antarctic snow. This photochemically driven process has been observed during recent field…1 January, 2003 by Peter Convey
Over 300 species of insect (including Collembola) are recorded from Svalbard. These include 11 species of Lepidoptera, the majority of which are occasional summer immigrants (Coulson and Refseth 2003). Those…Read more on A high-Arctic population of Pyla fusca (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) on Svalbard?
1 January, 2003
[1] The baroclinic transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) above 3000 m through Drake Passage is 107.3 +/- 10.4 Sv and has been steady between 1975 and 2000. For…Read more on Transport and variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage
1 January, 2003
The Neptune Range of the Pensacola Mountains, East Antarctica, exposes a record of Early Palaeozoic to Early Mesozoic polyphase deformation along the former East Antarctic margin of Gondwana that is…1 January, 2003 by Teal Riley
Large mafic sills in the Ahlmannryggen region of western Dronning Maud Land were intruded into partially lithified sediments of the mid-Proterozoic Ritscherflya Supergroup. Clastic sedimentary dykes intruding the thick mafic…1 January, 2003 by Richard Phillips
Recent taxonomic revisions of the Wandering Albatross sensu lato has resulted in four separate species, the rarest of which is the Tristan Albatross (Diomedea dabbenena). We present the first detailed…1 January, 2003
Specimens of a late Bajocian to early Callovian isocrinid assigned to Pentacrinites cf. P. californicus (Clark), and specimens collected by Hikuroa in 1999–2000, are described as a new species of…1 January, 2003
Lichens in Antarctic habitats are subjected to environmental extremes, including UVB radiation, desiccation and low temperatures, as well as to rapid fluctuations in these. Lichens synthesise a variety of chemical…1 January, 2003 by Dominic Hodgson
The Fourier transform-Raman spectra of two lacustrine sediment cores from Antarctic sites are reported. The Lake Hoare specimens were predominantly calcium carbonate, quartz and β-carotene, with chlorophyll and calcium sulphate…1 January, 2003
Project Leader, Antarctic Astrobiology, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge 1946–2002 David Donaldson Wynn-Williams, born 16th July, 1946, in West Kirby, Cheshire, UK and Founding Editor of the International Journal of Astrobiology,…Read more on Guest editorial to special issue dedicated to David D. Wynn-Williams
1 January, 2003
The vital UV-protective and photosynthetic pigments of cyanobacteria and lichens (microbial symbioses) that dominate primary production in Antarctic desert ecosystems auto-fluoresce at short-wavelengths. A long wavelength (1064 nm) near infra-red…1 January, 2003
The FT-Raman and infrared vibrational spectra of some important lichen compounds from two metabolic pathways are characterised. Key biomolecular marker bands have been suggested for the spectroscopic identification of atranorin,…1 January, 2003
The Raman and infrared spectra of the UV-radiation protectant parietin extracted from Xanthorialichen species are reported and vibrational assignments made of key features which are important for the characterisation of…Read more on Molecular spectroscopic studies of lichen substances 1: parietin and emodin
1 January, 2003
The vital ultraviolet- (UV-) protective and photosynthetic pigments of cyanobacteria and lichens (microbial symbioses) that dominate primary production in Antarctic desert ecosystems auto-fluoresce at short wavelengths. We therefore use a…1 January, 2003
In this paper, in this edition of the Journal commemorating the life and work of David Wynn-Williams, we consider approaches to the astrobiological investigation of Mars. We provide a brief…Read more on Astrobiological instrumentation for Mars – the only way is down
1 January, 2003
In Part 1 of this paper, we presented a phased approach to the development of a Mars pole human-inhabited research station modelled on those in the terrestrial polar regions. To…Read more on The human exploration of the Martian poles Part 2 – support technologies
1 January, 2003
We provide a scientific rationale for the astrobiological investigation of Mars. We suggest that, given practical constraints, the most promising locations for the search for former life on Mars are…Read more on Why Raman spectroscopy on Mars? – a case of the right tool for the right job
1 January, 2003
Semi-continuous, linear accumulations of poorly-sorted debris are present on the surface of the remnant Larsen-A Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula. These accumulations form a complex of debris bands extending parallel to…Read more on Supraglacial debris along the front of the Larsen-A Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2003 by Mervyn Freeman
An extraordinary powering of the magnetosphere by the solar wind occurred in a 3-hour burst early on May 4 when the IMF was very intense and pointed south (≈-35 nT;…1 January, 2003 by Mervyn Freeman
We study large-scale magnetospheric disturbances elicited by the May4, 1998 high speed stream by modeling the Dst and studying records from 4 meridional magnetometer chains covering key local time sectors.…1 January, 2003 by David Pearce
The polar desert is one of the most extreme environments on Earth. Endolithic organisms can escape or mitigate the hazards of the polar desert by using the resources available in…1 January, 2003 by Mervyn Freeman
Two competing paradigms of the response of ionospheric convection to changes in the interplanetary magnetic field are synthesized into the common framework of the expanding-contracting polar cap (ECPC) model in…1 January, 2003
Bransfield Strait, a narrow active rift with three submarine basins, separates the South Shetland Islands from northern Antarctic Peninsula. Volcanism in Bransfield Strait commenced prior to 0.75 Ma and continues,…1 January, 2003
Heart rate (fH), abdominal temperature (Tab) and diving depth were measured in thirteen free-ranging breeding female macaroni penguins. Measurement of these variables allowed estimation of the mass-specific rate of oxygen…1 January, 2003 by Huw Griffiths, Alistair Crame, Katrin Linse
Databases and Geographical Information Systems are becoming increasingly popular tools for biogeographic analysis. The reliability of the analysis depends on the accuracy of the entered data and the ability to…1 January, 2003 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
Transmission of basal variability to a glacier surface is investigated using analytical models for a linearly viscous medium. The three-dimensional transient response of the surface to both bedrock undulations and…Read more on Transmission of basal variability to a glacier surface
1 January, 2003 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
The amplitude ratio between surface and bedrock topography has been predicted to depend strongly on the ratio of deformational velocity to mean basal sliding velocity. Observations made prior to and…1 January, 2003 by Lloyd Peck
Aquarium-based observations of the feeding behaviour of the Antarctic muricid gastropod Trophon longstaffi over a 3-year period revealed that individuals were capable of feeding on both bivalve (Laternula elliptica and…1 January, 2003 by Roger Worland, Peter Convey
The thermal preferences of Alaskozetes antarcticus (Acari, Cryptostigmata) and Cryptopygus antarcticus (Collembola, Isotomidae) were investigated over 6 h within a temperature gradient (−3 to +13 °C), under 100% relative humidity…1 January, 2003 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Two aspects of thermal coupling with bedrock are considered: the coupled time-dependent problem of co-evolving temperatures in lithosphere and ice; and the influence of basal topography on steady temperature distribution…Read more on Thermomechanical coupling of ice flow with the bedrock
1 January, 2003
We compiled a global data set of copepod in situ weight-specific fecundity and growth rates, together with measurements of their body weights, and the chlorophyll a and temperature of the…1 January, 2003
We study scaling in fluctuations of the geomagnetic indices (AE, AU, and AL) that provide a measure of magnetospheric activity and of the ϵ parameter which is a measure of…1 January, 2003 by Dominic Hodgson
With the exception of the diatoms, little is known of the extinction, colonization, and succession of marine floras during glacial cycles. Here we study both morphological and biochemical fossils in…1 January, 2003
Although mammalian mating systems are classically characterized in terms of male competition and polygyny, it is becoming increasingly apparent that alternative male strategies and female choice may play important roles.…1 January, 2003
Populations of the only two flowering plants native to the Antarctic have recently increased in number and size possibly due to climate warming. We have undertaken a preliminary study of…Read more on Populations of Antarctic hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica) show low genetic diversity
1 January, 2003 by Adrian Jenkins
We applied a modified version of the Miami isopycnic coordinate ocean general circulation model (MICOM) to the ocean cavity beneath the Ross Ice Shelf to investigate the circulation of ocean…Read more on Modelling the ocean circulation beneath the Ross Ice Shelf
1 January, 2003
Diving marine predators have been used to collect data on ocean temperature, but salinity measurements have not previously been incorporated into predator-borne data loggers. Here we present data on initial…Read more on Salinity sensors on seals: use of marine predators to carry CTD dataloggers
1 January, 2003 by Richard Horne
We investigate the pitch angle distributions of 0.15-1.58 MeV electrons observed during the 9-15 October 1990 storm measured by the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) spacecraft. This storm…1 January, 2003 by Richard Horne
There are two main theories for the origin of diffuse auroral electron precipitation: precipitation by electrostatic ECH waves and precipitation by whistler mode waves. Here we analyze a case event…1 January, 2003
Kongsfjorden and Krossfjorden are two ice-proximal fjords on the western coast of Spitsbergen which have been surveyed using multibeam bathymetry, sub-bottom profiling and gravity coring. Central and outer Kongsfjorden is…1 January, 2003 by Kevin Hughes
This study demonstrates for the first time that faecalcoliform bacteria can survive airborne transfer in Antarctica, but are unlikely to survive for prolonged periods following deposition due to environmental stresses.…Read more on Aerial dispersal and survival of sewage-derived faecal coliforms in Antarctica
1 January, 2003 by Kevin Hughes
Factors affecting fecal microorganism survival and distribution in the Antarctic marine environment include solar radiation, water salinity, temperature, sea ice conditions, and fecal input by humans and local wildlife populations.…1 January, 2003 by Kevin Hughes
The majority of coastal Antarctic stations release untreated sewage into the near-shore marine environment. This study examined bacterial reproduction within the temporary sewage-holding tanks of Rothera Research Station (Adelaide Island,…1 January, 2003 by Kevin Hughes
A novel endolithic microbial habitat is described from a climatically extreme site at Two Step Cliffs, Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula (71°54′S, 68°13′W). Small endolithic colonies (Read more on A novel Antarctic microbial endolithic community within gypsum crusts
1 January, 2003 by Kevin Hughes, Kevin Newsham
We tested the effects of solar radiation, and UV-B in particular, on the growth of Antarctic terrestrial fungi. The growth responses to solar radiation of five fungi, Geomyces pannorum, Phoma…Read more on Solar UV-B radiation inhibits the growth of Antarctic terrestrial fungi
1 January, 2003
Silurian and lower Devonian sedimentary successions are uncommon within the remnants of Gondwana. The Port Stephens Formation, the basal unit of the middle Palaeozoic West Falkland Group, presents a rare…1 January, 2003
The fish fauna of the continental shelf of the Southern Ocean is dominated by a single sub-order of Perciformes, the Notothenioidei, which have unusually large diameter skeletal muscle fibres. We…1 January, 2003
Allozyme variability was examined using starch-gel electrophoresis between sub-populations of Idotea chelipes over a small geographic distance (approx. 104 km), in lagoons within the Solent area (Fort Gilkicker Moat; Ashlett…1 January, 2003 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff
The summertime atmospheric boundary layer over the South Pole has recently been shown to be highly oxidizing, with greater concentrations of NO and OH than previously expected. The source of…1 January, 2003 by Martin Collins
A series of baited camera and trap experiments in the eastern Mediterranean Sea between 1500 and 4264 m depth attracted a variety of opportunistic scavengers, with species composition changing with…1 January, 2003 by Kevin Newsham
We molecularly assessed the ascomycetous fungal communities inhabiting the rhizoid environment of Cephaloziella varians, collected at Rothera Point on the western Antarctic Peninsula. The RFLP-phenotyped and cloned PCR products of…1 January, 2003 by Adrian Jenkins
Large rifts that open in Antarctic ice shelves are known to be filled by snow accumulations, ice shelf fragments, and sea ice. This work demonstrates how these rifts may also…Read more on A model of marine ice formation within Antarctic ice shelf rifts
1 January, 2003 by John King
Surface pressure measurements from instruments deployed on ice floes in the southern Bellingshausen Sea were used to assess the accuracy of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses in…Read more on Validation of ECMWF sea level pressure analyses over the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica
1 January, 2003 by Gareth Marshall, John King, John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Climate observations made since the mid twentieth century reveal that the Antarctic Peninsula is a region of extreme climate variability and change. The pattern of change is, however, both seasonally…1 January, 2003 by John King
The west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula is a region of extreme interannual variability in near-surface temperatures. Recently the region has also experienced more rapid warming than any other part…Read more on The spatial coherence of interannual temperature variations in the Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2003
Mackerel icefish have a widespread distribution in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sectors of the low-Antarctic region. Biological characteristics differ considerably between populations in the southern Scotia Arc and those…Read more on Shedding new light on the life cycle of mackerel icefish in the Southern Ocean
1 January, 2003
[1] Between 1996 and 1998, a concerted effort was made to study the deep open ocean convection in the Labrador Sea. Both in situ observations and numerical models were employed…Read more on The Labrador Sea Deep Convection Experiment data collection
1 January, 2003
Planetary wave activity at quasi 16-, 10- and 5-day periods has been compared at various altitudes through the middle and upper atmosphere over Halley (76degreesS, 27degreesW), Antarctica, during the austral…Read more on Simultaneous observations of planetary waves from 30 to 220 km
1 January, 2003 by Dominic Hodgson
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) damages most biota, yet little evidence exists for its long-term effects on natural ecosystems. We used paleoecological techniques at three low-elevation lakes to show that algal abundance…Read more on Climatic control of ultraviolet radiation effects on lakes
1 January, 2003
Paleolimnology provides information on the past chemical, physical and biological nature of water bodies. In polar regions, where global climatic changes can be exacerbated compared with lower latitudes, the science…Read more on Paleolimnology in the High Arctic – implications for the exploration of Mars
1 January, 2003
Photosynthetic activity of the moss Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske was investigated on Léonie Island (67°35'S, 68°20'W, Antarctic Peninsula) in response to short-term changes of UV-B radiation. The UV-environment of natural…1 January, 2003
In 2000 the UK started a Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) tagging program to investigate the spatial and temporal movement of fish and to validate otolith-based growth estimates. Approximately 2 260…1 January, 2003
Five populations of habitat-specific, morphologically distinct Algophagus mites (Astigmata: Algophagidae) were found to occur on the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward islands. Although these mites did not differ among themselves with respect…1 January, 2003 by Gareth Marshall
Several papers have described a significant trend toward the positive phase of the Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM) in recent decades. The SAM is the dominant mode of atmospheric variability…Read more on Trends in the Southern Annular Mode from observations and reanalyses
1 January, 2003 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Lecophagus antarcticus, described as a new species of predaceous Hyphomycete of rotifers and tardigrades, was collected from cyanobacterial mats and sediments at shallow lake margins on Signy Island, South Orkney…1 January, 2003 by Andrew Wood, Eugene Murphy, Jonathan Watkins, Sally Thorpe
Data from a variety of sources reveal a warm-core anticyclonic circulation above the Northwest Georgia Rise (NWGR), an similar to2000-m high bathymetric feature north of South Georgia. The sense of…Read more on An anticyclonic circulation above the Northwest Georgia Rise, Southern Ocean
1 January, 2003 by Eugene Murphy, Jonathan Watkins, Michael Meredith, Peter Ward, Sally Thorpe
[1] In December 2000 we conducted high-resolution hydrographic and towed undulator transects across the South Georgia shelf and into the deep waters of the Georgia Basin. The Southern Antarctic Circumpolar…1 January, 2003 by Richard Horne
[1] We perform a survey of the plasma wave and particle data from the CRRES satellite during 26 geomagnetically disturbed periods to investigate the viability of a local stochastic electron…1 January, 2003 by Richard Horne
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves which propagate at frequencies below the proton gyrofrequency can undergo cyclotron resonant interactions with relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt and cause pitch-angle scattering…1 January, 2003
The physiological condition and feeding activity of the dominant larval stages of Euphausia superba (calyptopis stage III, furcilia stages I and II) were investigated from February to March 2000 at…Read more on Feeding and energy budgets of larval Antarctic krill Euphausia superba in summer
1 January, 2003 by David Vaughan
Mapping surface air temperature in the Antarctic Peninsula region is made unusually difficult by: the scarcity of meteorological stations, strong climatic gradients and recent rapid regional warming. We have compiled…1 January, 2003
Data obtained from the MF radars situated at Davis, Syowa and Rothera in Antarctica are used to detect a nonmigrating component of the semidiurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower…Read more on Observations of a nonmigrating component of the semidiurnal tide over Antarctica
1 January, 2003 by David Vaughan
[1] Crevasses form in response to tensile stresses in glaciers and ice sheets. It has been widely assumed that crevasses initiate at, or near, the surface of the ice, from…Read more on Subsurface crevasse formation in glaciers and ice sheets
1 January, 2003 by Kevin Newsham
Changes to the radiative environment arising from stratospheric ozone (O3) depletion and subsequent associations between these changes and the pigmentation of the moss Andreaea regularis were measured in late austral…1 January, 2003 by Kevin Newsham
The composition of saprotrophic fungal communities on sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) leaf litters from a woodland at Cefnpennar in South Wales, UK, were analysed in late…1 January, 2003 by Adrian Jenkins, Keith Nicholls
We use new data from the southern Weddell Sea continental shelf to describe water mass conversion processes in a formation region for cold and dense precursors of Antarctic Bottom Water.…Read more on Water mass modification over the continental shelf north of Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
1 January, 2003
A record of Holocene hydrological changes has been produced from variations in oxygen-isotope composition (delta(18)O) preserved in freshwater lake sediments from maritime Antarctica. Small amounts (1 January, 2003
Schistidium is the richest moss genus in the Antarctic consisting of twelve species, one of which, S. deceptionense Ochyra, Bednarek-Ochyra, & Lewis Smith, is here described as new to science…1 January, 2003
Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd whole-rock data for granitoids and orthogneisses from the western part of the Sierras Septentrionales of the southern Buenos Aires province yield an errorchron of 2009 +/- 71…1 January, 2003
Small outcrops of the basement of the Deseado Massif, consisting of weathered, altered granitoids and their metasedimentary host rocks, were dated by the U-Pb zircon method using thermal ionization mass…Read more on Chronological study of the pre-Permian basement rocks of southern Patagonia
1 January, 2003 by David Pearce
The bacterioplankton community structure in Moss Lake, a maritime Antarctic oligotrophic lake, was determined with vertical depth in the water column, during the ice-free period on Signy Island in the…1 January, 2003 by David Pearce
The biodiversity of the pelagic bacterioplankton community of a maritime Antarctic freshwater lake was examined by cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent techniques to determine predominant bacterioplankton populations present. The culture-dependent techniques used…1 January, 2003 by David Pearce
This review seeks to highlight the potential importance of viruses in Antarctic ecosystems and describe the limited scope of Antarctic virus studies to date, including studies of marine, terrestrial and…1 January, 2003 by Lloyd Peck
The trend towards large size in marine animals with latitude, and the existence of giant marine species in polar regions have long been recognized, but remained enigmatic until a recent…Read more on Reduced oxygen at high altitude limits maximum size
1 January, 2003 by John Turner
Increasingly, output from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models is being used for real-time weather forecasts for the Antarctic and for Antarctic-related climate diagnostics studies. Evidence is presented that indicates that…Read more on Numerical weather prediction model performance over high southern latitudes
1 January, 2003 by Mervyn Freeman, Richard Horne
Vlasov simulations of the current-driven ion-acoustic instability produced in Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian (Lorentzian, kappa = 2) electron-ion plasma with number density 7 x 10(6) cm(-3), reduced mass ratio m(i)/m(e) =…Read more on Anomalous resistivity in non-Maxwellian plasmas
1 January, 2003 by Richard Phillips
The relative importance of genetic vs. environmental factors in determining the pattern of avian post-embryonic development is much debated. Previous cross-fostering of albatrosses suggested that although inter-specific variation in growth…Read more on Chick metabolic rate and growth in three species of albatross: a comparative study
1 January, 2003 by Richard Phillips
Recent studies have been equivocal in determining whether long-lived seabirds are able to respond to chick nutritional status and regulate provisioning rates accordingly. With some exceptions, albatrosses and petrels that…1 January, 2003 by Richard Phillips
Effects of deployment of miniaturized transmitters and loggers have been well studied in penguins, but much less so in flying seabirds. We examined the effects of satellite tag (platform terminal…Read more on Effects of satellite transmitters on albatrosses and petrels
1 January, 2003 by Eric Wolff
A record of the concentrations of Pb and Ba and the isotopic composition of Pb has been established for a remote, low accumulation site in the Atlantic sector of Antarctica…Read more on One hundred fifty-year record of lead isotopes in Antarctic snow from Coats Land
1 January, 2003 by Eugene Murphy
We develop and analyse a simple, two-compartment (chlorophyll and nitrate) model of the surface mixed layer of the ocean. The mixed-layer depth is modulated intermittently to simulate the effects of…Read more on Phytoplankton biomass and residual nitrate in the pelagic ecosystem
1 January, 2003
Cool temperate rainforests growing on the flanks of the Andes and along the Coastal Range in Valdivia (Chile) today provide the closest analogue for the fossil floras of Antarctica during…1 January, 2003
Over the past 70 years, three counts have been conducted on the Rockhopper Penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome) population on the Falkland Islands during the 1932/33, 1995/96 and 2000/01 breeding seasons. The…Read more on Re-evaluation of historical rockhopper penguin population data in the Falkland Islands
1 January, 2003 by Helen Peat, Lloyd Peck, Peter Convey
Polar lakes act as key early detectors of global change effects. Duration and thickness of snow and ice cover determines albedo, underwater light availability, thermal and chemical regimes and mixing…Read more on Ecological responses of maritime Antarctic lakes to regional climate change
1 January, 2003 by Eric Wolff
Size-segregated aerosol samples were collected with a cascade impactor at 2 week intervals for a year at the research station Halley, situated near the coast in the Weddell Sea region…Read more on A year-long record of size-segregated aerosol composition at Halley, Antarctica