Our publications

Substorm ‐ Ring Current Coupling: A comparison of isolated and compound substorms

Publication 1 August, 2019

Read more on Substorm ‐ Ring Current Coupling: A comparison of isolated and compound substorms

What effect do substorms have on the content of the radiation belts?

Publication 1 July, 2016

Read more on What effect do substorms have on the content of the radiation belts?

Extreme Birkeland Currents Are More Likely During Geomagnetic Storms on the Dayside of the Earth

Publication 12 December, 2023

Read more on Extreme Birkeland Currents Are More Likely During Geomagnetic Storms on the Dayside of the Earth

Prediction of relativistic electron flux at geostationary orbit following storms: Multiple regression analysis

Publication 1 September, 2014

Read more on Prediction of relativistic electron flux at geostationary orbit following storms: Multiple regression analysis

Cross-L* coherence of the outer radiation belt during 2 storms and the role of the plasmapause

Publication 1 October, 2021

Read more on Cross-L* coherence of the outer radiation belt during 2 storms and the role of the plasmapause

Spatial distributions of nitric oxide in the Antarctic winter‐time middle atmosphere during geomagnetic storms

Publication 6 July, 2020

Read more on Spatial distributions of nitric oxide in the Antarctic winter‐time middle atmosphere during geomagnetic storms

Profound change of the near-Earth radiation environment caused by solar superstorms

Publication 1 January, 2011

Read more on Profound change of the near-Earth radiation environment caused by solar superstorms

Specification of the near-Earth space environment with SHIELDS

Publication 1 October, 2018

Read more on Specification of the near-Earth space environment with SHIELDS

Energetic electron precipitation during high-speed solar wind stream driven storms

Publication 1 May, 2011

Read more on Energetic electron precipitation during high-speed solar wind stream driven storms

Long term geomagnetically induced current observations from New Zealand: peak current estimates for extreme geomagnetic storms

Publication 13 October, 2017

Read more on Long term geomagnetically induced current observations from New Zealand: peak current estimates for extreme geomagnetic storms

Seasonal and temporal variations of field-aligned currents and ground magnetic deflections during substorms

Publication 1 April, 2018

Read more on Seasonal and temporal variations of field-aligned currents and ground magnetic deflections during substorms

ULF wave driven radial diffusion during geomagnetic storms: A statistical analysis of Van Allen Probes observations

Publication 1 April, 2021

Read more on ULF wave driven radial diffusion during geomagnetic storms: A statistical analysis of Van Allen Probes observations

Statistical comparison of electron loss and enhancement in the outer radiation belt during storms

Publication 1 May, 2022

Read more on Statistical comparison of electron loss and enhancement in the outer radiation belt during storms

Modeling the geomagnetic response to the September 2017 space weather event over Fennoscandia using the Space Weather Modeling Framework: Studying the impacts of spatial resolution

Publication 26 May, 2021

Read more on Modeling the geomagnetic response to the September 2017 space weather event over Fennoscandia using the Space Weather Modeling Framework: Studying the impacts of spatial resolution

Signatures of the nightside open–closed magnetic field-line boundary during moderately disturbed conditions and ionospheric substorms

Publication 1 January, 2005

Read more on Signatures of the nightside open–closed magnetic field-line boundary during moderately disturbed conditions and ionospheric substorms

A minimal substorm model that explains the observed statistical distribution of times between substorms

Publication 1 January, 2004

Read more on A minimal substorm model that explains the observed statistical distribution of times between substorms

The contribution of wave-particle interactions to electron loss and acceleration in the Earth’s radiation belts during geomagnetic storms

Publication 1 January, 2002

Read more on The contribution of wave-particle interactions to electron loss and acceleration in the Earth’s radiation belts during geomagnetic storms

Energization of the ring current by substorms

Publication 1 October, 2018

Read more on Energization of the ring current by substorms

Characteristics of precipitating energetic electron fluxes relative to the plasmapause during geomagnetic storms

Publication 1 November, 2014

Read more on Characteristics of precipitating energetic electron fluxes relative to the plasmapause during geomagnetic storms

Observations of nitric oxide in the Antarctic middle atmosphere during recurrent geomagnetic storms

Publication 1 December, 2013

Read more on Observations of nitric oxide in the Antarctic middle atmosphere during recurrent geomagnetic storms

Comparison of multiple and logistic regression analyses of relativistic electron flux enhancement at geosynchronous orbit following storms

Publication 26 December, 2019

Read more on Comparison of multiple and logistic regression analyses of relativistic electron flux enhancement at geosynchronous orbit following storms

Examining local time variations in the gains and losses of open magnetic flux during substorms

Publication 16 April, 2020

Read more on Examining local time variations in the gains and losses of open magnetic flux during substorms

Modeling Field Line Curvature Scattering Loss of 1–10 MeV Protons During Geomagnetic Storms

Publication 23 April, 2024

Read more on Modeling Field Line Curvature Scattering Loss of 1–10 MeV Protons During Geomagnetic Storms

Antarctica and climate change

Publication 30 June, 2022

…lower latitudes, and cooling by radiating heat out towards space. These atmospheric changes have affected the Southern Ocean, which, since the mid 20th century, has seen a warming and freshening…

Read more on Antarctica and climate change

Spacecraft surface charging induced by severe environments at geosynchronous orbit

Publication 1 January, 2018

Read more on Spacecraft surface charging induced by severe environments at geosynchronous orbit

Phase space density analysis of the outer radiation belt energetic electron dynamics

Publication 1 January, 2006

Read more on Phase space density analysis of the outer radiation belt energetic electron dynamics

A re-examination of latitudinal limits of substorm-produced energetic electron precipitation

Publication 1 October, 2013

Read more on A re-examination of latitudinal limits of substorm-produced energetic electron precipitation

The contribution of compressional magnetic pumping to the energization of the Earth’s outer electron radiation belt during high-speed-stream-driven storms

Publication 13 November, 2017

Read more on The contribution of compressional magnetic pumping to the energization of the Earth’s outer electron radiation belt during high-speed-stream-driven storms

Modelling the response of the thermosphere and ionosphere to geomagnetic storms: Effects of a mid-latitude heat source

Publication 1 January, 1990

Read more on Modelling the response of the thermosphere and ionosphere to geomagnetic storms: Effects of a mid-latitude heat source

Average diurnal and seasonal profiles of ionospheric storms

Publication 1 January, 1989

Read more on Average diurnal and seasonal profiles of ionospheric storms

The influence of substorms on extreme rates of change of the surface horizontal magnetic field in the United Kingdom

Publication 17 June, 2019

Read more on The influence of substorms on extreme rates of change of the surface horizontal magnetic field in the United Kingdom

A risk assessment framework for the socio-economic impacts of electricity transmission infrastructure failure due to space weather: an application to the United Kingdom

Publication 8 November, 2019

Read more on A risk assessment framework for the socio-economic impacts of electricity transmission infrastructure failure due to space weather: an application to the United Kingdom

Remote sensing space weather events: Antarctic-Arctic radiation-belt (Dynamic) Deposition-VLF Atmospheric Research Konsortium network

Publication 1 January, 2009

Read more on Remote sensing space weather events: Antarctic-Arctic radiation-belt (Dynamic) Deposition-VLF Atmospheric Research Konsortium network

A superposed epoch analysis of auroral evolution during substorm growth, onset and recovery: open magnetic flux control of substorm intensity

Publication 11 February, 2009

Read more on A superposed epoch analysis of auroral evolution during substorm growth, onset and recovery: open magnetic flux control of substorm intensity

Magnetic storm effects on the mid-latitude plasmasphere

Publication 1 July, 1991

Read more on Magnetic storm effects on the mid-latitude plasmasphere

Implementing an Operational Cloud‐Based Now‐ and Forecasting System for Space Weather Ground Effects in the UK

Publication 15 May, 2025

Read more on Implementing an Operational Cloud‐Based Now‐ and Forecasting System for Space Weather Ground Effects in the UK

Review of the August 1972 and March 1989 (Allen) Space Weather Events: Can We Learn Anything New From Them?

Publication 17 July, 2024

Read more on Review of the August 1972 and March 1989 (Allen) Space Weather Events: Can We Learn Anything New From Them?

A superposed epoch investigation of the relation between magnetospheric solar wind driving and substorm dynamics with geosynchronous particle injection signatures

Publication 27 January, 2011

Read more on A superposed epoch investigation of the relation between magnetospheric solar wind driving and substorm dynamics with geosynchronous particle injection signatures

Determining the spectra of radiation belt electron losses: Fitting DEMETER electron flux observations for typical and storm times

Publication 9 December, 2013

Read more on Determining the spectra of radiation belt electron losses: Fitting DEMETER electron flux observations for typical and storm times

Examination of radiation belt dynamics during substorm clusters: Activity drivers and dependencies of trapped flux enhancements

Publication 6 January, 2022

Read more on Examination of radiation belt dynamics during substorm clusters: Activity drivers and dependencies of trapped flux enhancements

On the Association of Substorm Identification Methods

Publication 15 September, 2024

Read more on On the Association of Substorm Identification Methods

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave modeling during the geospace environment modeling challenge event

Publication 28 April, 2014

Read more on Electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave modeling during the geospace environment modeling challenge event

Strong Relativistic Electron Flux Events in GPS orbit

Publication 7 December, 2024

Read more on Strong Relativistic Electron Flux Events in GPS orbit

Mechanisms for the acceleration of radiation belt electrons

Publication 1 January, 2006

Read more on Mechanisms for the acceleration of radiation belt electrons

Interhemispheric asymmetries in the occurrence of magnetically conjugate sub-auroral polarisation streams

Publication 1 January, 2005

Read more on Interhemispheric asymmetries in the occurrence of magnetically conjugate sub-auroral polarisation streams

Satellite Experiments Simultaneous with Antarctic Measurements (SESAME)

Publication 1 February, 1995

Read more on Satellite Experiments Simultaneous with Antarctic Measurements (SESAME)

A distributed lag-autoregressive model of geostationary relativistic electron fluxes: comparing the influences of waves, seed and source electrons, and solar wind inputs

Publication 1 May, 2018

Read more on A distributed lag-autoregressive model of geostationary relativistic electron fluxes: comparing the influences of waves, seed and source electrons, and solar wind inputs

Geomagnetically induced current model in New Zealand across multiple disturbances: Validation and extension to non‐monitored transformers

Publication 18 February, 2022

Read more on Geomagnetically induced current model in New Zealand across multiple disturbances: Validation and extension to non‐monitored transformers

An attempt to locate substorm onsets using Pi1 signatures

Publication 1 January, 2007

Read more on An attempt to locate substorm onsets using Pi1 signatures

Substorm driven chorus waves: Decay timescales and implications for pulsating aurora

Publication 7 January, 2024

Read more on Substorm driven chorus waves: Decay timescales and implications for pulsating aurora

Separating DP1 and DP2 Current Pattern Contributions to Substorm‐Like Intensifications in SML

Publication 26 April, 2025

Read more on Separating DP1 and DP2 Current Pattern Contributions to Substorm‐Like Intensifications in SML

Estimating the frequency of extremely energetic solar events, based on solar, stellar, lunar, and terrestrial records

Publication 9 August, 2012

Read more on Estimating the frequency of extremely energetic solar events, based on solar, stellar, lunar, and terrestrial records

On the occurrence of auroral westward flow channels and substorm phase

Publication 1 January, 2006

Read more on On the occurrence of auroral westward flow channels and substorm phase

VLF, magnetic and Pi2 substorm signatures

Publication 1 January, 2000

Read more on VLF, magnetic and Pi2 substorm signatures

Nature’s Grand Experiment: Linkage between magnetospheric convection and the radiation belts

Publication 1 January, 2016

Read more on Nature’s Grand Experiment: Linkage between magnetospheric convection and the radiation belts

Observations and modelling of increased nitric oxide in the Antarctic polar middle atmosphere associated with geomagnetic storm driven energetic electron precipitation

Publication 1 July, 2018

Read more on Observations and modelling of increased nitric oxide in the Antarctic polar middle atmosphere associated with geomagnetic storm driven energetic electron precipitation

Even-Order Harmonic Distortion Observations During Multiple Geomagnetic Disturbances: Investigation From New Zealand

Publication 1 May, 2024

Read more on Even-Order Harmonic Distortion Observations During Multiple Geomagnetic Disturbances: Investigation From New Zealand

Multi‐MeV Electron Occurrence and Lifetimes in the Outer Radiation Belt and Slot Region During the Maximum of Solar Cycle 22

Publication 17 October, 2025

Read more on Multi‐MeV Electron Occurrence and Lifetimes in the Outer Radiation Belt and Slot Region During the Maximum of Solar Cycle 22

Estimating Storm‐Time Maximum Fluxes of Outer Radiation Belt Electrons: Combining Van Allen Probes and GPS Satellite Observations

Publication 15 January, 2026

Read more on Estimating Storm‐Time Maximum Fluxes of Outer Radiation Belt Electrons: Combining Van Allen Probes and GPS Satellite Observations

Geomagnetically Induced Currents and Harmonic Distortion: Storm‐time Observations from New Zealand

Publication 1 March, 2020

Read more on Geomagnetically Induced Currents and Harmonic Distortion: Storm‐time Observations from New Zealand

Analysis of the effectiveness of ground-based VLF wave observations for predicting or nowcasting relativistic electron flux at geostationary orbit

Publication 1 March, 2015

Read more on Analysis of the effectiveness of ground-based VLF wave observations for predicting or nowcasting relativistic electron flux at geostationary orbit

Statistical significance of the association between whistler-mode chorus enhancements and enhanced convection periods during high-speed streams

Publication 1 January, 2007

Read more on Statistical significance of the association between whistler-mode chorus enhancements and enhanced convection periods during high-speed streams

Solar wind input between substorm onsets during and after the October 18–20, 1995, magnetic cloud

Publication 1 January, 1999

Read more on Solar wind input between substorm onsets during and after the October 18–20, 1995, magnetic cloud

Avalanche models and auroral indices

Publication 1 January, 1998

Read more on Avalanche models and auroral indices

Long-term geomagnetically induced current observations in New Zealand: Earth return corrections and geomagnetic field driver

Publication 1 August, 2017

Read more on Long-term geomagnetically induced current observations in New Zealand: Earth return corrections and geomagnetic field driver

A case study of lightning, whistlers, and associated ionospheric effects during a substorm particle injection event

Publication 1 January, 1992

Read more on A case study of lightning, whistlers, and associated ionospheric effects during a substorm particle injection event

Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere

Publication 1 March, 2019

Read more on Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere

Examination of Radiation Belt Dynamics during Substorm Clusters: Magnetic Local Time Variation and Intensity of Precipitating Fluxes

Publication 17 December, 2022

Read more on Examination of Radiation Belt Dynamics during Substorm Clusters: Magnetic Local Time Variation and Intensity of Precipitating Fluxes

The Impact of the May 1921 Superstorm on American Telecommunication Systems

Publication 25 July, 2025

Read more on The Impact of the May 1921 Superstorm on American Telecommunication Systems

Remote sensing the plasmasphere, plasmapause, plumes and other features using ground-based magnetometers

Publication 18 November, 2014

Read more on Remote sensing the plasmasphere, plasmapause, plumes and other features using ground-based magnetometers

Simulating the Earth’s radiation belts: internal acceleration and continuous losses to the magnetopause

Publication 23 September, 2014

Read more on Simulating the Earth’s radiation belts: internal acceleration and continuous losses to the magnetopause

A Planetary Park system for Mars

Publication 1 January, 2004

Read more on A Planetary Park system for Mars

Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Conditions That Lead to the Largest Relativistic Electron Fluxes in GPS Orbit

Publication 21 November, 2025

Read more on Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Conditions That Lead to the Largest Relativistic Electron Fluxes in GPS Orbit

Probing the relationship between electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves and plasmaspheric plumes near geosynchronous orbit

Publication 11 November, 2010

Read more on Probing the relationship between electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves and plasmaspheric plumes near geosynchronous orbit

High-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics as determined by the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics procedure for the conjunctive SUNDIAL/ATLAS 1/GEM period of March 28-29, 1992

Publication 1 December, 1996

Read more on High-latitude ionospheric electrodynamics as determined by the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics procedure for the conjunctive SUNDIAL/ATLAS 1/GEM period of March 28-29, 1992

Tailward propagation of magnetic energy density variations With respect to substorm onset times

Publication 1 June, 2018

Read more on Tailward propagation of magnetic energy density variations With respect to substorm onset times

Geomagnetically induced currents during the 07-08 September 2017 disturbed period: a global perspective

Publication 27 April, 2021

Read more on Geomagnetically induced currents during the 07-08 September 2017 disturbed period: a global perspective

Satellite Internal Charging for a Reasonable Worst‐Case

Publication 14 June, 2025

Read more on Satellite Internal Charging for a Reasonable Worst‐Case

Substorm-induced energetic electron precipitation: Morphology and prediction

Publication 1 April, 2015

Read more on Substorm-induced energetic electron precipitation: Morphology and prediction

Traveling ionospheric disturbances in the Weddell Sea Anomaly associated with geomagnetic activity

Publication 1 October, 2013

Read more on Traveling ionospheric disturbances in the Weddell Sea Anomaly associated with geomagnetic activity

Simultaneous observation of chorus and hiss near the plasmapause

Publication 1 January, 2012

Read more on Simultaneous observation of chorus and hiss near the plasmapause

Energetic outer radiation belt electron precipitation during recurrent solar activity

Publication 1 August, 2010

Read more on Energetic outer radiation belt electron precipitation during recurrent solar activity

Use of POES SEM-2 observations to examine radiation belt dynamics and energetic electron precipitation into the atmosphere

Publication 1 April, 2010

Read more on Use of POES SEM-2 observations to examine radiation belt dynamics and energetic electron precipitation into the atmosphere

A statistical study of the open magnetic flux content of the magnetosphere at the time of substorm onset

Publication 25 February, 2009

Read more on A statistical study of the open magnetic flux content of the magnetosphere at the time of substorm onset

On the character and distribution of lower-frequency radio emissions at Saturn and their relationship to substorm-like events

Publication 1 January, 2009

Read more on On the character and distribution of lower-frequency radio emissions at Saturn and their relationship to substorm-like events

Modeling the propagation characteristics of chorus using CRRES suprathermal electron fluxes

Publication 1 January, 2007

Read more on Modeling the propagation characteristics of chorus using CRRES suprathermal electron fluxes

Radiation belt electron precipitation into the atmosphere: Recovery from a geomagnetic storm

Publication 1 January, 2007

Read more on Radiation belt electron precipitation into the atmosphere: Recovery from a geomagnetic storm

Timescale for radiation belt electron acceleration by whistler mode chorus waves

Publication 1 January, 2005

Read more on Timescale for radiation belt electron acceleration by whistler mode chorus waves

Magnetic local time, substorm, and particle precipitation-related variations in the behaviour of SuperDARN Doppler spectral widths

Publication 1 January, 2004

Read more on Magnetic local time, substorm, and particle precipitation-related variations in the behaviour of SuperDARN Doppler spectral widths

Proton and electron heating by radially propagating fast magnetosonic waves

Publication 1 January, 2000

Read more on Proton and electron heating by radially propagating fast magnetosonic waves

Long period ULF activity at the polar cap preceding substorm

Publication 1 January, 2000

Read more on Long period ULF activity at the polar cap preceding substorm

Linkages between the radiation belts, polar atmosphere and climate: Electron precipitation through wave particle interactions

Publication 1 January, 2016

Read more on Linkages between the radiation belts, polar atmosphere and climate: Electron precipitation through wave particle interactions

Wave driven diffusion in radiation belt dynamics

Publication 1 November, 2016

Read more on Wave driven diffusion in radiation belt dynamics

Empirical predictive models of daily relativistic electron flux at geostationary orbit: Multiple regression analysis

Publication 1 April, 2016

Read more on Empirical predictive models of daily relativistic electron flux at geostationary orbit: Multiple regression analysis

Excitation and decay of flows in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system due to magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause and in the geomagnetic tail

Publication 1 January, 1992

Read more on Excitation and decay of flows in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system due to magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause and in the geomagnetic tail

Magnetic cloud passage at Earth and associated substorm activity

Publication 1 January, 1992

Read more on Magnetic cloud passage at Earth and associated substorm activity

Electric fields at L = 2.5 during geomagnetically disturbed conditions

Publication 1 September, 1991

Read more on Electric fields at L = 2.5 during geomagnetically disturbed conditions

How well can we estimate Pedersen conductance from the THEMIS white-light all-sky cameras?

Publication 12 March, 2019

Read more on How well can we estimate Pedersen conductance from the THEMIS white-light all-sky cameras?

Interplanetary magnetic field control of polar ionospheric equivalent current system modes

Publication 1 July, 2019

Read more on Interplanetary magnetic field control of polar ionospheric equivalent current system modes