1 August, 1980
A tradition of biological research in the Antarctic was established by Cook 200 years ago. This tradition has been built on by other British expeditions, notably the ‘Discovery’ Investigations. The…1 August, 1980 by Andrew Clarke
The concept of ‘metabolic cold adaptation’, namely that polar marine ectotherms are adapted in having an elevated basal metabolic rate, has been examined in the light of recent biochemical, physiological…Read more on A reappraisal of the concept of metabolic cold adaptation in polar marine invertebrates
1 August, 1980
The population structure and social organization of the Southern Elephant Seal, Mirounga leonina, were studied at South Georgia principally by extensive field census work and determination of age and reproductive…1 August, 1980
The majority of Antarctic benthic invertebrates so far studied do not produce pelagic larvae, but develop non-pelagically by means of egg capsules, brooding or viviparity. The predominance of protected development…Read more on Reproductive adaptations of Antarctic benthic invertebrates
1 August, 1980
Antarctic lakes present a wide variety of physical, chemical and biological conditions, and are not always the simplified systems imagined by earlier workers. The volume of data on lakes of…1 May, 1980
Body weight and body fat changes (calculated from skinfold thickness) that occurred in a male population spending a year on an Antarctic base are described. There was a marked individual…Read more on A longitudinal study of body weight and body fat changes in Antarctica
1 May, 1980
An energy balance survey was conducted on an Antarctic base on 12 individuals for periods varying between 6 and 12 months. Energy expenditure was estimated using two activity/dairy card techniques…Read more on The measurement of daily energy expenditure—an evaluation of some techniques
1 May, 1980
A dietary survey was carried out on an Antarctic base over a period of 6 to 12 months on twelve individuals. Three methods of determining individual food and energy intake…Read more on The measurement of food and energy intake in man—an evaluation of some techniques
1 May, 1980 by Andrew Clarke
The lipid content and composition of cultured Penaeus merguiensis were examined by lipid extraction, thin-layer chromatography and capillary gas chromatography. The lipid content, 1.99% fresh weight, was higher than in…Read more on Lipid content and composition of cultured Penaeus merguiensis fed with animal food
1 January, 1980 by William Block
Three components of the survival strategy of a terrestrial Antarctic mite, Alaskozetes antarcticus (Acari: Cryptostigmata) are considered: overwintering survival, energetics and life history. Supercooling is an important feature of its…Read more on Survival strategies in polar terrestrial arthropods
1 January, 1980 by William Block
1 Individual supercooling points ranged from ‐2 to ‐44°C for six species of springtails, five species from the Swiss Alps and one from lowland Britain. Individuals of Isotomurus alticola (Carl)…1 January, 1980
Satellite images of Ronne and Filchner ice shelves show a variety of surface features many of which are believed to indicate flow lines in the ice. Sufficient imagery is now…1 January, 1980 by Andrew Clarke
Krill, Euphausia superba Dana, sampled from waters around South Georgia in 1978 contained 10–11% protein, 2–6% lipid, 0.3–0.6% carbohydrate, 2% chitin, and 3–4% mineral ash (all mean values, % fresh…Read more on The biochemical composition of krill, Euphausia superba Dana, from South Georgia
1 January, 1980
At the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia 25 of the 29 breeding species are seabirds. Fifteen of these have recently been studied in some detail. By examining the timing of…Read more on Food, feeding ecology and ecological segregation of seabirds at South Georgia
1 January, 1980
Oxygen uptake by the peat of two Antarctic bryophyte communities (a moss turf and a moss carpet) is converted to organic matter loss and used to derive the rate of…Read more on Peat respiration and decomposition in Antarctic terrestrial moss communities
1 January, 1980 by Peter Ward
Information on small scale distributions of three species of Antarctic zooplankton is reviewed. Aggregations of the euphausiid Euphausia superba, the tunicate Salpa thompsoni, and the amphipod Parathemisto gaudichaudii are compared,…1 January, 1980
(1) Three Antarctic moss banks were studied in detail: two dominated by Polytrichum alpestre Hoppe and one by Chorisodontium aciphyllum (Hook. f. et Wils.) Broth. (2) The rate of upward…Read more on The rate of peat accumulation in Antarctic moss banks
1 January, 1980
A combined Nd- and Sr-isotope study of Caledonian granites in Scotland and northern England demonstrates the importance of continental crust in their petrogenesis and places limits on the involvement of…Read more on Isotopic evidence for the provenance of some Caledonian granites
1 January, 1980
The lakes of Signy Island (60° 43′S, 45° 38′W), South Orkney Islands, Antarctica, provide a unique laboratory for the study of many processes including natural eutrophication. Current relationships between the…1 January, 1980
Lobes of Xanthoria elegans are shown to be engulfed by more rapidly growing neighbouring lobes, thereafter ceasing to grow, and the rate of lobe engulfment increases with thallus age. Similarly,…Read more on Lobe growth and marginal zonation in crustose lichens
1 January, 1980
During palaeobotanical studies in the Antarctic Peninsula in February 1979, late Cretaceous or younger fossil angiosperm leaves were found within volcaniclastic rocks widely believed to be of late Jurassic age1.…Read more on Angiosperm fossils in supposed Jurassic volcanogenic shales, Antarctica
1 January, 1980
The Voyager missions have revealed that jovian kilometric radiation (emanating from Jupiter's magnetosphere) is beamed away from the zenomagnetic equator. Results from GEOS 1 show that terrestrial non-thermal continuum or…Read more on Latitudinal beaming of planetary radio emissions
1 January, 1980
A procedure is described for the determination without preconcentration of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in Antarctic snow, based on differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry at a rotating glassy carbon…1 January, 1980
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) living on the subantarctic island of South Georgia were found to have a high prevalence of dental abnormalities and mandibular swellings (11 to 30 per cent, and…Read more on Dental abnormalities and mandibular swellings in South Georgia reindeer
1 January, 1980
Norwegian reindeer, Rangifer tarandus, were introduced to the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia in 1911 & 1925. Because there are few potential intermediate hosts and no other ungulates on the…Read more on Observations on the internal parasites of reindeer introduced into South Georgia
1 January, 1980
Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) were introduced into South Georgia in 1911 and 1925, and now form 3 herds. Each herd was at a different stage of an irruptive oscillation when they…Read more on Population dynamics and mortality of reindeer introduced into South Georgia
1 January, 1980
Whistler components received by the VLF goniometer at Halley, Antarctica, have been scaled for nose frequency and direction of arrival. The data were taken from two separate one hour periods…1 January, 1980
Knee whistlers and plasmaspheric whistlers recorded by the VLF goniometer receiver at Halley, Antarctica on 24th June 1977 have been analysed. The knee whistlers were received between 1900 UT and…Read more on A whistler study of the bulge region of the plasmapause
1 January, 1980
Profile surveys are presented of four ice rises on the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. On Butler Island velocity measurements were also made. The ice rises behave as miniature…1 January, 1980
The method of dating rocks and minerals is known as geochronology. Although in principle this term could be applied to estimation of relative ages according to traditional geological observation, it…1 January, 1980
An annotated list is provided of all the macromycetes (Ascomycotina and Basidiomycotina) recorded from the Antarctic region and neighbouring islands. Bryosphaeria megaspora Spooner, Didymella antarctica Spooner, Epibryon chorisodontiae Spooner, Gnomonia…Read more on Higher fungi of Antarctica, the Subantarctic Zone and Falkland Islands
1 January, 1980
Twenty-one monthly collections of the Antarctic limpet Nacella (Patinigera) concinna (Strebel, 1908) were obtained by divers at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands. A mean monthly population density of 123.7 ±…1 January, 1980
1) Laboratory experiments were carried out on the photosynthetic physiology of two algal communities and two species of aquatic moss from lakes on Signy Island (Antarctica). (2) Net rate of…1 January, 1980
(1) The vegetation of three oligotrophic lakes on Signy Island (Antarctica) is dominated by benthic algal felts and aquatic mosses, and the phytoplankton is sparse. Five seasonal factors affect underwater…1 January, 1980
The diet of two small burrow dwelling petrels, Dove prion, Pachyptila desolata and Blue petrel Halobaena caerulea, was studied at the subantarctic island of South Georgia by quantitative analysis of…1 January, 1980
The food and feeding ecology of Black‐browed Albatrosses and Grey‐headed Albatrosses was studied from 1975 to 1978 at Bird Island, South Georgia. Two hundred and seventy food samples (averaging 75–85…1 January, 1980
Brown rats were introduced to the sub‐antarctic island of South Georgia probably around 1800. They are now widespread and abundant, particularly on the north coast. The population is divided into…Read more on Feral brown rats, Rattus norvegicus, in South Georgia (South Atlantic Ocean)
1 January, 1980
Electrical d.c. resistivity measurements made on the George VI Ice Shelf have established the polar nature of Antarctic ice despite saturation by melt-water from surface melt-lakes. Previously it has been…Read more on Recrystallisation and electrical behaviour of glacier ice
1 January, 1980
In the previous paper (Strangeways, 1980) it was shown that the systematic error in the azimuthal bearing due to multipath propagation and incident wave polarisation (when this also constitutes an…Read more on Systematic errors in VLF direction-finding of whistler ducts—II
1 January, 1980
It is shown that, when the whistler-mode phase refractive index is plotted along the length of geomagnetic field lines as a function of altitude, there is a minimum at an…Read more on Trapping of whistler-waves through the side of ducts