1 January, 1994
During seven days of operations involving the setting and hauling of longlines to catch the toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides around the South Sandwich Islands, actual and potential interactions with seabirds were…1 January, 1994
During the austral midsummers of 1989/1990 and 1990/1991, seven grazing experiments were undertaken near South Georgia. The copepods spanned 3 orders of magnitude in body mass, from young copepodids of…1 January, 1994 by Mark Clilverd
Data from the VLF Doppler experiment at Faraday, Antarctica (65○ S, 64○ W) are used to study the penetration of the high-latitude convection electric field to lower latitudes during severely…1 January, 1994
Results from a mathematical model provide a description of the mid-latitude, low L-shell ionosphere and plasmasphere. Variations in the composition and dynamics of the plasmasphere and changes in the nature…Read more on The effect of disturbed-time electric fields on the inner plasmasphere
1 January, 1994
Mie scattering models suggest that the thermal infrared emissivity of snow is relatively insensitive to variations in its properties and is dependent, primarily, on viewing angle. This gives rise to…Read more on The atmospheric correction for satellite infrared radiometer data in polar regions
1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes
Many areas of the Antarctic continental shelf support rich communities of benthic suspension feeders, of which Bryozoa are frequently an important component. These communities inhabit an environment characterised by a…1 January, 1994
A thick, largely shallow marine succession of Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary strata, deposited in the James Ross Basin, is well exposed on an archipelago of islands at the northern end…1 January, 1994
Two new mite species, Halacarellus porellus n.sp. and H. novellus n.sp., are described. Both species were collected from the littoral zone in a sheltered bay on the northeast coast of…Read more on Two new species ofHalacarellus(Halacaridae: Acari) from South Georgia
1 January, 1994
Heart rates (fh) and rates of oxygen consumption (V(dot)O2) were measured in eight black-browed albatrosses (Diomedea melanophrys) when walking on a treadmill, with the aim of using fh to predict…1 January, 1994 by Roger Worland, William Block
Ecophysiological characteristics, including survival at high and low temperatures, locomotory activity at sub-zero temperatures, supercooling ability and oxygen consumption rates, were investigated for the Arctic springtail Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg) (Collembola,…Read more on Thermal adaptation in the Arctic collembolan Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg)
1 January, 1994 by William Block
Scientific reasons for the study of terrestrial ecosystems in the Antarctic are outlined together with brief descriptions of the maritime and continental zones. Opportunities for ecological research are highlighted in…1 January, 1994
1. Foraging behaviour of Antarctic fur seals rearing pups at Bird Island, South Georgia, was assessed using at-sea activity patterns measured by electronic time-depth recorders. Information was obtained for a…Read more on Foraging behaviour of Antarctic fur seals during periods of contrasting prey abundance
1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck
The marked seasonality of high latitude marine ecosystems means that the relationship between nutrition and metabolism is of particular interest, for many polar organisms must survive long periods without food.…1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke, Paul Rodhouse
The proximate (protein, lipid, carbohydrate and ash) and elemental (C, H, N and P) composition of the major tissues were measured for 18 male and 51 female Illex argentinus sampled…1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke
Excretion of ammonia, urea and primary amines (assayed as fluorescamine-positive substances, FPS) was measured in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna. The mean contributions to overall excretion rate were 89% ammonia,…Read more on Nitrogen excretion in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908)
1 January, 1994 by Paul Rodhouse
Stomach contents of Loligo forbesi obtained from commercial landings and research cruises in Irish waters and the Irish Sea were examined. A total of 62.3% of stomachs were empty. Fish…Read more on Diet of the squid Loligo forbesi Steenstrup (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in Irish waters
1 January, 1994
We examine some aspects of the performance of the United Kingdom Meteorological Office's new climate model over Antarctica. Pressure and temperature fields are presented as a basic check on the…Read more on The Antarctic climate of the UKMO Unified Model
1 January, 1994 by Peter Convey
Growth and mortality rates of three juvenile instars and adults of the oribatid mite Alaskozetes antarcticus were measured over a twelve month period using field enclosures m Its maritime Antarctic…Read more on Growth and survival strategy of the Antarctic mite Alaskozetes antarcticus
1 January, 1994 by Peter Convey
A comparison is made of the reproductive effort (RE), considered as the investment in sporophyte relative to gametophyte biomass, of eight species of moss occurring at sub-and maritime Antarctic sites.…Read more on Modelling reproductive effort in sub-and maritime Antarctic mosses
1 January, 1994 by Peter Convey
Rates of dark respiration (DR), gross photosynthesis (GPS) and net photosynthesis (NPS) were investigated for 14 species of moss from a maritime Antarctic locality. The rates found were similar to…Read more on Photosynthesis and dark respiration in Antarctic mosses?an initial comparative study
1 January, 1994
Snow surfaces in the polar regions have uniform reflecting properties over large areas. Slopes are usually low-in Antarctica, they rarely exceed 2/spl deg/ except in mountainous regions. Such low slopes…Read more on A simple shape-from-shading algorithm applied to images of ice-covered terrain
1 January, 1994 by Alistair Crame
One of the most important breakthroughs in Antarctic geological research over the last three decades has been the elucidation of the continent’s fossil record. Although fossils have been known since…1 January, 1994
Thermospheric winds on a total of 237 nights have been studied for the effects due to geomagnetic activity, solar flux, and season. The observations have been made from 1988 to…Read more on Mean thermospheric winds observed from Halley, Antarctica
1 January, 1994
The Antarctic marine ecosystem is proposed as an environment in which to monitor global hydrocarbon background levels. Hydrocarbon concentrations are probably uniform throughout the Southern Ocean and it is difficult…Read more on Hydrocarbons in the Antarctic marine environment: monitoring and background
1 January, 1994
For many albatross species squid are important prey. Whether albatrosses depend on scavenging (e.g. of vomit from cetaceans, post-spawning die-offs or fishery waste) or on live-capture of squid (e.g. via…Read more on Dead or alive, night or day: how do albatrosses catch squid?
1 January, 1994
Eleven species of Achnanthes from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands are described including one new species. Benthic algal material from a range of shallow lakes of varying trophic status was…Read more on Taxonomic studies of Achnanthes(Bacillariophyta) in freshwater maritime antarctic lakes
1 January, 1994 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Hexapodibius boothi sp.n., a new species of semi-terrestrial tardigrade from fellfield mineral soil material at the Dundee Island (in the Maritime Antarctic) is described.1 January, 1994
The International Geophysical Year of 1957–58 demonstrated the effective use of the Antarctic for peaceful international scientific activity, and the Antarctic Treaty of 1961 acknowledges the important contribution of science.…1 January, 1994
Ovarian maturation in Notothenia coriiceps is known to include a period during which yolk deposition begins to take place. This ‘adolescent’ phase was thought originally to last for about 1…1 January, 1994
Information on the expenditure and investment of energy in southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina , was collected during breeding and molt over four field seasons at South Georgia. Weight and…Read more on Expenditure, investment, and acquisition of energy in southern elephant seals
1 January, 1994 by Howard Roscoe
Measurements of stratospheric composition have been made with a novel star-pointing spectrometer. The instrument consists of a telescope that focuses light from stars, planets, or the moon onto a spectrometer…Read more on Measurements of stratospheric composition using a star pointing spectrometer
1 January, 1994
The number of individual plants and colonies of the two native Antarctic vascular plants, Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, have been monitored between 1964 and 1990 on three islands in…1 January, 1994 by Mervyn Freeman, Michael Pinnock
A discussion is given of plasma flows in the dawn and nightside high-latitude ionospheric regions during substorms occurring on a contracted auroral oval, as observed using the EISCAT CP-4-A experiment.…1 January, 1994 by Paul Rodhouse
Four research surveys of Falkland Island waters were carried out to determine the distribution and abundance of the early life-history stages of Loligo gahi (d'Orbigny, 1835) in the austral winter…Read more on Distribution and abundance of juvenile Loligo gahi in Falkland Island waters
1 January, 1994 by William Block
The feeding biology of the arctic collembolan Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg) is described from West Spitsbergen, based on a combination of gut content analyses for field collected and microcosm-living animals, together…1 January, 1994
A 15 km2 body of metabasite with occasional pillow structures occurs within the Paleozoic accretionary complex in Isla Italia and Isla Dring. Trace elements and REE geochemistry indicate similarities between…1 January, 1994
Passive cloches were deployed at three altitudinally distinct sites on Signy Island, maritime Antarctica, to investigate the effect of ameliorated thermal environment upon fellfield microarthropod communities Temperature was monitored at…1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke
The abundance and biomass of marine planktonic ciliates in Borge Bay, Signy Island, were determined at monthly intervals between April 1990 and June 1991. At least 24 different ciliate taxa…Read more on The annual cycle of planktonic ciliates in nearshore waters at Signy Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1994 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
The literature on terrestrial and freshwater Tardigrada is relatively limited, being concerned with 617 species world wide. Many of the references are in obscure publications. This paper attempts to bring…1 January, 1994
Field data from south-eastern Alexander Island, Antarctica, are used to develop a model for the formation of asymmetrical valley-side slopes. Enhanced weathering and transport causes reduction in the gradient of…1 January, 1994
The Wainimala Group rocks of southwestern Viti Levu, Fiji, represent part of an Oligocene-Miocene island arc. Some of the early volcanism in this arc took place on a substrate of…1 January, 1994
In the Antarctic winter of 1991 an extensive series of micro- meteorological and snow cover measurements were made as part of the second Stable Boundary Layer Experiment (STABLE II) at…Read more on Modelling mass and energy exchange over polar snow using the DAISY model
1 January, 1994
The spatial extent and temporal behaviour of quasi-periodic (QP) intensity modulations of 0.5-2kHz ELF-VLF emissions were investigated in a comparative study of data collected at three Antarctic stations. Frequently, the…Read more on The ULF modulation of ELF-VLF emissions close to the magnetospheric boundary
1 January, 1994
Geological map and supplementary textRead more on Geological map of Adelaide Island to Foyn Coast
1 January, 1994
We describe how to age immature Black-browed Diomedea melanophris and Grey-headed Albatrosses D. chrysostoma up to age 6 years (when they have usually acquired adult characteristics), from a combination of…