1 February, 1997
The South Georgian shag (Phalacrocorax georgianus) shows a remarkable diving ability comparable to that of penguins, yet nothing is known of the physiology of these birds. In this study, heart…1 February, 1997
The Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica, consist of two mountain ranges; the Sentinel, and Heritage ranges. The more southerly Heritage Range is composed of a lower Paleozoic sedimentary and volcanic rock…1 February, 1997
Effects of irradiance, temperature and water availability on respiration and photosynthesis in a maritime Antarctic liverwort, Marchantia berteroana, were investigated. Carbon dioxide exchange was measured using an infra-red gas analysis…1 February, 1997 by Alistair Crame
Key exposures through the Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) Marambio Group are located in the Admiralty Sound region, James Ross Island group, Antarctica. On southern James Ross Island, an extensive sequence of…1 February, 1997
Shoreline plant and animal communities close to a retreating tidewater glacier on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia displayed a series of physical and biological gradients from the open sea…1 February, 1997
Magnetic profiles obtained during the Hesant 92/93 cruise with the R/V Hesperides show large amplitude anomalies (up to 1000 nT) along a 100 km wide band in the northern margin…1 January, 1997 by Paul Rodhouse
Samples of the Antarctic octopus Pareledone turqueti were taken from three locations on the Scotia Ridge in the Southern Ocean. The genetic homogeneity of these populations was investigated using isozyme…1 January, 1997
Southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina provide a unique opportunity for examination of parental investment because postpartum pup growth is fueled exclusively by energy from stored reserves in fasting mothers, and…Read more on Factors affecting maternal expenditure in southern elephant seals during lactation
1 January, 1997
The timing, location and duration of territorial tenure, and the mating success and return rates of male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) were measured over four consecutive breeding seasons (1984–87)…1 January, 1997 by Peter Ward
All suitable data from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean were compiled to elucidate regional differences in the abundance and life cycle of Calanoides acutus. Data from 205 stations…1 January, 1997
Feeding by juvenile Antarctic krill Euphausia superba near South Georgia was assessed during the austral summer of 1995/1996. Gut fluorescence results were compared with those from incubations in natural seawater…1 January, 1997 by Peter Kirsch
In the frame of the Second European Stratospheric Arctic and Midlatitude Experiment an intensive program of spectral measurements of global solar UV radiation was organized at several European sites, extending…1 January, 1997
Goose Bay HF-radar data have been used to determine the dayside reconnection electric field which transports energy from the solar wind into the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. The speed of…1 January, 1997 by Andrew Clarke
The feeding energetics of the Antarctic spiny plunderfish (Harpagifer antarcticus) were examined with respect to the effect of both ration size and animal size. Fish of different sizes were fed…1 January, 1997
Seasonally breeding predators, which are limited in the time available for provisioning young at a central location, and by the fasting abilities of the young, are likely to maximize energy…1 January, 1997
Recent measurements of remarkable dive performances in oceanic seabirds and marine mammals suggest the use of a range of physiological and behavioural adaptations for the parsimonious use of oxygen. Access…Read more on The behavioural and physiological ecology of diving
1 January, 1997 by Jonathan Watkins
Interannual variability within the pelagic marine environment around South Georgia is a well-recognised phenomenon. A key aspect of this variability is interannual fluctuation in the abundance of Antarctic krill Euphausia…Read more on Interannual variability in krill abundance at South Georgia
1 January, 1997
We present two time series of bottom current and temperature collected 8 m above the seabed on either side of a large sediment drift located on the continental rise of…1 January, 1997
The presence of Ashicaulis livingstonensis sp. nov. in the Upper Cretaceous Williams Point Beds of Livingston Island, Antarctica, represents an important new record of the Osmundaceae in the southern high…1 January, 1997
Hepatophytes form an important component of the Lower Cretaceous (late Albian) flora of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The liverworts Marchantites rosulatus sp. nov., Thallites bicostatus sp. nov., and Thallites sp. colonized…1 January, 1997
Subionospheric very low frequency and low-frequency (VLF/LF) transmitter signals received at middle-latitude ground stations at nighttime were found to exhibit pulsating behavior with periods that were typically in the ∼5–60…1 January, 1997
A general study of the streams of Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, was undertaken to identify the effects of catchment, distance from source, and time on concentrations of dissolved ions.…Read more on Chemistry of streams of Signy Island, maritime Antarctic: sources of major ions
1 January, 1997
Oxygen uptake of Paractora dreuxi (apterous) from Marion Island, which lies to the north of the Antarctic Polar Front, was compared to that of P. trichosterna (macropterous) and Antrops truncipennis…1 January, 1997 by William Block
South Georgia has many introduced plant and animal species, a consequence of its long history of human habitation. Introduced reindeer have a strong effect on the vegetation of the Stromness…1 January, 1997
The emplacement mechanism, geometry, and isotope geochemistry of plutons of the Wiley Glacier complex suggest that new continental crust grew by multiple injection of tonalitic dykes during dextral transtension in…1 January, 1997 by Alistair Crame
Abstract: Our knowledge of the nature, generation and maintenance of largescale biodiversity patterns is still far from complete. This is particularly so in the Southern Hemisphere and in the marine…Read more on An evolutionary framework for the polar regions
1 January, 1997 by Geraint Tarling
A rapid and simple method for the isolation of fatty acid methyl esters and fatty alcohols from the lipid fraction of marine zooplankton is described. Wax esters are the dominant…1 January, 1997
Concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were measured in the neonatal dentine of 11 crabeater and 11 Weddell seal postcanine teeth with an energy-dispersive x-ray analyser. The extent of variation in…1 January, 1997
A principal tenet of cold region weathering studies is that of temperature. Unfortunately, despite the appearance to the contrary, actual data are still sadly lacking in many instances. Here data…1 January, 1997
Seeds of six endemic species and two circumpolar species were collected from several sites on Kerguelen and tested for germination between 5 and 25°C on thermogradient bars. Pringlea antiscorbutica and…Read more on Seed germination of endemic species from Kerguelen phytogeographic zone
1 January, 1997 by Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
Oceanographic data have been obtained via an access hole made through Ronne Ice Shelf. The site, which is the third in a series of similar studies, lies 17 km west…Read more on New oceanographic data from beneath Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
1 January, 1997
The diet of the diving petrels Pelecanoides georgicus and P. urinatrix was studied during 1986 (P. georgicus) and 1987 (both species) by lavaging adults as they returned to feed chicks…1 January, 1997 by Howard Roscoe
During a 2-week intercomparison of ground-based zenith sky visible spectrometers in September 1994 at Camborne, United Kingdom (50°N, 5°W), ozone profiles were measured by electrochemical cell (ECC) sondes during 11…1 January, 1997 by Jonathan Shanklin
Two meetings on the subject of Antarctic astronomy were held in Cambridge in early August 1996, in association with the XXIV meeting of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. This…Read more on Astronomy on ice: a report on astronomy in Antarctica
1 January, 1997 by Andy Smith
A seismic reflection profile, perpendicular to the ice flow direction has been acquired on Rutford Ice Stream, Antarctica. An interpretation of both the amplitude and phase of the seismic reflections…Read more on Basal conditions on Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica, from seismic observations
1 January, 1997 by Andy Smith
Seismic reflection data from two lines on Rutford Ice Stream are presented and are compared with data already published from a third line on the ice stream. The amplitude and…Read more on Variations in basal conditions on Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica
1 January, 1997 by Richard Horne
We demonstrate that the observed enhancement in the fractional composition equation image of ring current O+ ions during magnetic storms can have a strong controlling effect on the excitation of…1 January, 1997 by Howard Roscoe
An intercomparison of zenith-sky UV-visible spectrometers was held at Camborne, UK, for 2 weeks in September 1994. Eleven instruments participated, from nine different European institutes which were involved with the…Read more on An intercomparison of ground-based UV-visible sensors of ozone and NO2
1 January, 1997
Two congeneric albatrosses, Black-browed Diomedea melanophris and Grey-headed Albatrosses D. chrysostoma that nest at South Georgia have diets that differ mainly with respect to the amount of Antarctic Krill Euphausia…1 January, 1997
The Antarctic marine environment has relatively few direct sources of man-made marine debris; however, there is concern over the dangers posed to wildlife by increasing amounts of such debris. Between…Read more on Marine debris surveys at Bird Island, South Georgia 1990–1995
1 January, 1997 by Richard Horne
The wide variety of geophysical plasmas that will be investigated by the Cluster mission contain waves with a frequency range from DC to over 100 kHz with both magnetic and…Read more on The Digital Wave-Processing Experiment on Cluster
1 January, 1997
Two limpet species occur intertidally on subantarctic South Georgia, the patellid Nacella concinna and the siphonarlid Kerguelenella lateralis. N. concinna is confined to the lower shore close to LWS; K.…1 January, 1997
Belemnites are nektopelagic cephalopods which developed a widespread pattern of distribution in the Jurassic, and most authors have accepted that their centre of origin was Europe. Available data suggest that…1 January, 1997
Two new palynomorph taxa are described, and several existing taxa are discussed from the Upper Jurassic‐Lower Cretaceous Byers Group of Livingston and Snow islands, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula. Oligosphaeridium…1 January, 1997 by William Block
Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as total glutathione (tGSH) concentration were analyzed in the hemolymph and fat body…1 January, 1997 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Small scale field and laboratory observations of sub-glacial sediment deformation suggest that failure is the predominant method of sediment deformation, while large scale modelling studies using a viscous model of…Read more on Deforming beds: Viscous and plastic scales of deformation
1 January, 1997 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Linearizations about two horizontal-dimensional ice sheets are proposed as methods of generating normal mode initializations for ice-sheet models and for computing the short-term response. Linearized models can be generated directly…Read more on Use of ice-sheet normal modes for initialization and modelling small changes
1 January, 1997
Fatty acid signature analysis is based on the principle that unique arrays of fatty acids within groups of organisms can be transferred, largely unaltered, up the marine food chain and…1 January, 1997 by Adrian Jenkins, David Vaughan
Satellite imagery indicates that the floating terminus of Pine Island Glacier has changed little in extent over the past two decades. Data on the velocity and thickness of the glacier…1 January, 1997 by John King
Surface radiation measurements and other climatological data were used to validate the representation of the surface energy balance over the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in the U.K. Meteorological Office Unified…1 January, 1997 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Many algorithms have been developed to retrieve precipitation and cloud liquid water from passive microwave measurement at mid-latitudes and in the tropics, but these algorithms do not necessarily work well…Read more on Passive microwave retrievals of precipitation over the Southern Ocean
1 January, 1997 by Robert Larter
The Antarctic Peninsula has a dissected central plateau at 1500–2000 m elevation, at present overlain by a few hundred metres of ice which drains into transverse glaciers. On the west…Read more on The Antarctic Peninsula Continental Margin Northwest of Anvers Island
1 January, 1997
Chemical alteration of rock in the Antarctic is considered to be less dominant than physical weathering processes. The research presented in this discussion represents investigations to determine the extent of…1 January, 1997
After weaning, southern elephant seal pups (Mirounga leonina) fast for 3 – 8 weeks, for largely unknown reasons. During the postweaning fast we observed daytime behaviour and movements of pups…1 January, 1997 by Eugene Murphy, Philip Trathan
Analyses of the distribution of krill fishing based on fine-scale (0.5o latitude x 1o longitude) data show that harvesting in the Scotia Sea has been mainly in shelf and shelf-break…1 January, 1997
From 1991 to 1996 we investigated how the breeding cycle of King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus, in a small colony at South Georgia, was affected by variation in food availability between…Read more on Changes in king penguin breeding cycle in response to food availability
1 January, 1997
The 1.5 Ma evolution of the Late Pliocene (5.7 to 4.2 Ma) Mt Sidley volcano, Marie Byrd Land, is examined using major and trace elements, Sr, Nd, O and Pb…