1 January, 1999
METHOD: A retrospective study was performed of 10 yr of medical records to determine the type, severity, etiological factors and treatment of cold injury experienced by members of the British…1 January, 1999
A retrospective analysis of all skiing injuries experienced by members of the British Antarctic Survey between 1989 and 1995 was undertaken to test the hypothesis that skiing was responsible for…Read more on The epidemiology of skiing injuries in Antarctica
1 January, 1999
This paper describes the first ever mesospheric wind observations from Halley, Antarctica, over a full year. The recent implementation of an Imaging Doppler Interferometer at Halley is providing a new,…1 January, 1999 by Andrew Clarke, Nadine Johnston
1. We examined published studies relating resting oxygen consumption to body mass and temperature in post-larval teleost fish. The resulting database comprised 138 studies of 69 species (representing 28 families…Read more on Scaling of metabolic rate with body mass and temperature in teleost fish
1 January, 1999 by Mark Clilverd
We examine the possibility of earthquake precursors influencing the subionospheric propagation of VLF transmissions. We consider the long (12 Mm) path from northeastern United States to Faraday, Antarctica (65°S, 64°W),…Read more on Investigating seismoionospheric effects on a long subionospheric path
1 January, 1999 by Mark Clilverd
We present a detailed study of the times of amplitude minima observed on the 12-Mm path from NAA (24 kHz, 1 MW, Cutler, Maine) to Faraday, Antarctica, during the period…Read more on Sunrise effects on VLF signals propagating over a long north-south path
1 January, 1999 by Mark Clilverd
It is shown that the investigation of lightning activity levels, using very low frequency radio emissions near 10 kHz, needs to take into account the significant influences of subionospheric propagation.…Read more on Diurnal and annual variations in 10-kHz radio noise
1 January, 1999 by Mark Clilverd
Modeling studies show that the exclusion of the propagating VLF wave from the ionospheric region results in the decline of Trimpi magnitude with patch altitude. In large models such as…Read more on Latitudinally dependent Trimpi effects: modeling and observations
1 January, 1999
Port Lockroy, situated on the Antarctic Peninsula, is one of the most visited tourist sites in Antarctica. The effects of visitor disturbance on the breeding performance of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis…1 January, 1999 by John Turner, Steve Colwell
An assessment is made of the availability of Antarctic synoptic observations on the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Telecommunication System (GTS) during the trial periods (5–9 July 1993 and 1–15…Read more on Antarctic meteorological observations on the GTS during the FROST project
1 January, 1999 by Peter Convey, Rod Arnold, William Block
Qualitative samples of Collembola were obtained from a range of substrates near Husvik, Stromness Bay, South Georgia, between January anti March 1996. Collections made at Hope Point near Grytviken (Cumberland…1 January, 1999 by Peter Convey
During January and February 1997, two separate surveys of the birds and seals of the South Sandwich Islands archipelago were made, with further data obtained from the northern islands during…Read more on Survey of marine birds and mammals of the South Sandwich Islands
1 January, 1999 by Alistair Crame
New 87Sr/86Sr dating allows the correlation of a marker horizon within the prolific Late Cretaceous Gunnarites antarcticus faunal assemblage of the Cape Lamb Member, Snow Hill Island Formation, Vega Island,…1 January, 1999 by Alistair Crame
The origins of present day benthic marine faunas from both the Magellan and Antarctic provinces may lie as far back as the Early Cretaceous (approx. 130 Ma). This was the…1 January, 1999 by Jonathan Watkins
The fatty acid content of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba from South Georgia was investigated during January and February 1996, a period of relatively low algal biomass. Cluster analysis of the…1 January, 1999 by Andrew Wood
Records (by a scientific observer on a longline fishing vessel around the Falkland Islands) of 86 different individually colour-banded wandering albatrosses from South Georgia, provide new insights into the use…1 January, 1999
Penguins are often considered to be as ecologically and behaviourally homogenous as their morphology. Their structural morphology and associated physiological adaptations are governed by the demands of operating as flightless,…1 January, 1999
Knowledge of relationships between prey availability and predator performance is the key to using predators as indicators of the state of marine systems and to assessing potential consequences of competition…1 January, 1999 by Philip Leat, Teal Riley
The Ellsworth Mountains of West Antarctica represent part of a displaced terrane once situated along the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana, prior to supercontinent break-up, adjacent to South Africa and the…1 January, 1999
Deposition of the Upper Cambrian succession of the Ellsworth Mountains was influenced by major, episodic tectonically-driven changes to the depositional basin geometry. We subdivide the succession into four stratigraphical sequences…1 January, 1999
The elemental and biochemical composition of eight moss species from the maritime Antarctic were determined fornightly (summer) or monthly (winter) from December 1992 to November 1994. Short-duration summer carbohydrate maxima…Read more on The elemental and biochemical composition of bryophytes from the maritime Antarctic
1 January, 1999
The early South Atlantic was subdivided latitudinally by the proto-Walvis Ridge, which separated early Cretaceous open marine conditions in the south from non-marine environments to the north. Changes in the…1 January, 1999
The Raman microspectra of the Nakhla SNC meteorite, which probably originates from Mars, are reported here for the first time. The specimen is shown to be heterogeneous, even at a…Read more on Comparative Raman microscopy of a Martian meteorite and Antarctic lithic analogues
1 January, 1999
There are frequent reports of mummified seals in the cold deserts of Antarctica. However, a mummified penguin found over 100 miles from the coast and at an altitude of 600…Read more on FT-Raman spectroscopy of avian mummified tissue of archaeological relevance
1 January, 1999 by William Block
1. Recently, a small predatory beetle, Trechisibus antarcticus (Carabidae), was accidentally introduced onto the island of South Georgia, sub-Antarctic. 2. From the presumed site of introduction the beetle is invading…1 January, 1999
A large sample of otoliths from the mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) was measured and weighed and their effectiveness as predictors of fish length and fish mass determined. The two measures,…Read more on Otolith and body size relationships in the mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnard)
1 January, 1999
The essential aim of biological sampling is to obtain samples that are representative of the targets under consideration. Sampling in support of in situ target strength studies should be aimed…1 January, 1999
Analyses of size at sexual maturity were undertaken on samples of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) caught in the commercial fishery within Subarea 48.3. The results for 1996 indicate that Lm50…Read more on Size at sexual maturity of Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides)
1 January, 1999
1. Bottom trawl surveys on the South Georgia shelf indicate episodic declines in the abundance of the mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari that, since 1990, are not directly attributable to commercial fishing.…1 January, 1999
The sea-surface distribution of four selected fossilizable phytoplankton groups (coccolithophores, diatoms, silicoflagellates and dinoflagellates) has been studied along a transect from Cape Town (34°S) to South Sandwich Islands (57°S) during…1 January, 1999 by Michael Pinnock
On 7 December 1992, a moderate substorm was observed by a variety of satellites and ground-based instruments. Ionospheric flows were monitored near dusk by the Goose Bay HF radar and…1 January, 1999 by Mervyn Freeman
We study an aspect of substorm occurrence during Earth passage of the October 1995 magnetic cloud and the corotating stream overtaking it. The substorms were identified primarily by five latitudinal…1 January, 1999 by Eric Wolff
The calcium (representing dust) concentration record of the last 100,000 years from the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core shows a huge dynamic range (factor>100). The relationship between dust…1 January, 1999
This study examined pituitary sensitivity to exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in relation to time of year and changes in plasma progesterone, testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations…1 January, 1999
A 181 m long ice core was drilled at 79°36′51″ S, 45°43′28″ W, near the summit of Berkner Island, Antarctica (886 m a.s.l.). Berkner Island is located between the Filchner…Read more on Density log of a 181 m long ice core from Berkner Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1999
Present radiative transfer methods in physically based energy budget models of snow do not include adequate spectral or directional resolution to deal with the scattering of solar radiation. This paper…Read more on Incorporation of spectral and directional radiative transfer in a snow model
1 January, 1999 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Cryoconite holes, supraglacial ponds and moulins of the Greenland Ice Sheet were surveyed for microbiota and meiofauna. These habitats are colonised by depauperate communities of widespread/cosmopolitan microbes, microalgae, rotifers and…Read more on Tardigrades, and other cryoconite biota, on the Greenland Ice Sheet
1 January, 1999
The thermal sensitivity of mitochondrial function was investigated in the stenothermal Antarctic fish Lepidonotothen nudifrons. State 3 respiration increases with increasing temperature between 0 °C and 18 °C with a Q 10…1 January, 1999
Dinoflagellate cyst analysis has been undertaken on three Kasten cores taken from the Falkland Trough, Scotia Sea and Weddell Sea in the area of the Antarctic Peninsula. Two of these…1 January, 1999
Dinoflagellate cysts have been recovered from six long-term (1–2 yr) sediment trap moorings deployed in the Bellingshausen, Weddell and Scotia seas, Antarctica. These traps, mostly moored near the sea bed…1 January, 1999 by John Turner
Polar mesocyclones are subsynoptic-scale low pressure systems that form over high-latitude oceans in a cold air mass. It is known that these systems can be very vigorous but only relatively…1 January, 1999 by John Turner
Causal mechanisms of mesocyclone and synoptic cyclone characteristics over the Northeast Atlantic and Nordic Seas are investigated using a 2-year database compiled from infrared satellite imagery. A strong seasonality is…1 January, 1999
An objective assessment of maturity in the loliginid squid Loligo gahi was tested using a method developed for L. pealeii utilizing principal component and discriminant analyses. Samples were taken from…1 January, 1999
The upper part of the Jurassic‐Cretaceous Byers Group, exposed on Byers Peninsula in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, consists of 1.4 km of non‐marine strata assigned to the Cerro Negro…1 January, 1999 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Quadrature solutions for temperature fields in the central regions of ice sheets where flow is by internal deformation are presented and compared with numerical computations and the European Ice Sheet…Read more on On the numerical computation of temperature in an ice sheet
1 January, 1999 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
The geomorphological effects of ice sliding over till, internal deformation of till and till sliding over bedrock are considered. Two questions are examined: (1) is the till-sheet flow unstable, i.e.…Read more on Coupled ice–till dynamics and the seeding of drumlins and bedrock forms
1 January, 1999 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
The pore-water signal left behind by a glacier overriding a porous medium is considered. Important processes are infiltration, tracer diffusion, radio-active decay, penetration of freezing fronts and erosion and deposition.…1 January, 1999 by William Block
Hydrologists and ecologists studying tundra ecosystems have worked largely independently, with little cross-fertilization between disciplines. Their disciplines are, however, inextricably linked by a need to understand the dynamics and significance…1 January, 1999 by Adrian Jenkins
Models of ocean circulation beneath ice shelves are driven primarily by the heat and freshwater fluxes that are associated with phase changes at the ice–ocean boundary. Their behavior is therefore…Read more on Modeling Thermodynamic Ice–Ocean Interactions at the Base of an Ice Shelf
1 January, 1999
In the northern Scotia Sea, the main pathway of Circumpolar Deep Water (CPDW) flows north to pass through a deep gap in the North Scotia Ridge before turning east into…1 January, 1999 by John Turner
An overview is presented of the analysis procedures and problems encountered in the FROST reanalysis of weather charts poleward of latitude 50°S carried out in Hobart by the Australian Bureau…Read more on On the Reanalysis of Southern Hemisphere Charts for the FROST Project
1 January, 1999
This paper discusses predicted evolution patterns of present-day changes of ice thickness, surface elevation, and bedrock elevation over the Greenland and Antarctic continents. These were obtained from calculations with dynamic…1 January, 1999
Studies of the Antarctic mesosphere, and its contrasts with the Arctic, are expected to hold the key to improved understanding of the mesopause region and energy and momentum transfer processes…Read more on New initiatives in observing the antarctic mesosphere
1 January, 1999 by Adrian Jenkins
Ice melts when it is in contact with ocean waters that have temperatures above the in situ freezing point. The product is a mixture of meltwater and seawater having properties…1 January, 1999
Mesospheric winds are derived from HF radar observations of meteor echoes at Halley (76°S, 27°W), Antarctica. These meteor echoes are observed within the first range gates of the radar (less…Read more on Mesospheric winds derived from SuperDARN HF radar meteor echoes at Halley, Antarctica
1 January, 1999
The utility of aeromagnetic and other geoscientific compilations on a range of scales, is well established for a wide variety of geological investigations. Aeromagnetic compilations, currently underway for the Antarctic…1 January, 1999
New high-resolution aeromagnetic anomaly data from the central Antarctic Peninsula reveal a magnetic signature typical of a magmatic arc system. Analysis of the new aeromagnetic map, together with susceptibility data…Read more on Interpretation of new aeromagnetic anomaly data from the central Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1999 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff
Understanding the NOy budget at high latitudes is important for our knowledge of present-day clean air chemistry and essential for reliable interpretation of existing ice core nitrate data. However, measurements…Read more on Oxidized nitrogen chemistry and speciation in the Antarctic troposphere
1 January, 1999
Because of the lack of a definitive air link to an international gravity base station, the Antarctic Peninsula gravity network was originally, and still is, tied to the Potsdam gravity…Read more on A new estimate of the adopted gravity value at Rothera Station, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1999
The circum-Antarctic clam Laternula elliptica (King & Broderip 1831) is the largest infaunal bivalve of the Southern Ocean. It mostly lives in water depths of less than 100 m (highest…1 January, 1999 by David Barnes
Sixty specimens of the giant marine isopod Glyptonotus antarcticus Eights, collected from Borge Bay, Signy Island, Antarctica were examined for epizoans. Ten species of cheilostomatid bryozoans were found on the…1 January, 1999 by John King
Measurements of humidity at a height of 4 m were made at Halley Research Station between 1995 and 1997 using a frost point hygrometer. Relative humidities were usually close to…1 January, 1999 by Eric Wolff
In this paper we first summarise major findings of recent atmospheric studies of nitrogen and sulphur species present in the boundary layer of coastal Antarctic regions. We then discuss the…1 January, 1999 by John Turner
The performance of three automatic depression tracking schemes developed by Terry & Atlas (1996), Murray & Simmonds (1991a) and Konig et al. (1993) when applied over one month are assessed.…Read more on An assessment of three automatic depression tracking schemes
1 January, 1999
The early Cretaceous fill of the forearc/intra-arc Byers Basin includes a 600- to 900-m-thick interval of marine slope apron deposits, the President Beaches Formation. This is a predominantly argillaceous succession…1 January, 1999
A prominent volcaniclastic channel sandstone deposited by a landward-flowing sediment gravity flow is described from the Maastrichtian of Snow Hill Island in the northern Larsen Basin. The characteristics of this…Read more on Possible evidence for Late Cretaceous off-axis volcanism in the outer James Ross Basin
1 January, 1999
The Arctic summer mesopause at ∼88 km is the coldest-known place (∼130 K) in the terrestrial atmosphere and is ∼60 K colder in summer than winter. Indirect evidence has suggested…Read more on First in situ temperature measurements at the Antarctic summer mesopause
1 January, 1999 by Philip Leat
The Middle Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island, Antarctica represents the fill of a fore-arc basin unconformably overlying an accretionary complex. Like most fore-arc basins, this example had…1 January, 1999 by Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
A depth-averaged tidal model has been applied to the southern Weddell Sea. The model domain covers the southern continental shelf, including the ocean cavity beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. Reasonable agreement…1 January, 1999
Sixty species of Acari are recorded from the sub-Antarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands (the Prince Edward archipelago). Twenty of the 45 species collected on recent expeditions are new and…Read more on New records of Acari from the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands
1 January, 1999 by Peter Convey
The continental Antarctic oribatid mite, Maudheimia wilsoni Dalenius, is often found in compact multi-instar aggregations, under stones. These aggregations may persist for several years. Relative abundances of the four juvenile…Read more on Compact aggregation and life-history strategy in a continental Antarctic mite
1 January, 1999 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner
Using data obtained during January 1995—the third of three special observing periods associated with the Antarctic First Regional Observing Study of the Troposphere project—over a sector of the Southern Ocean…1 January, 1999
Anterior eye structure and retinal visual fields were determined in King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus using keratometry and an ophthalmoscopic reflex technique. The cornea is relatively flat (radius 32.9 mm) and…Read more on Eye structure and foraging in King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus
1 January, 1999
The breeding performance of higher predators has often been used to monitor fluctuations in the abundance of important prey stocks in marine ecosystems. The development of electronic data-loggers in recent…Read more on Can marine mammals be used to monitor oceanographic conditions?
1 January, 1999 by Mark Clilverd
It is well known that the resonant frequency of geomagnetic field lines is determined by the magnetic field and plasma density. We used cross-phase and related methods to determine the…1 January, 1999
Pre-tectonic metagabbroic rocks emplaced into the Glenfinnan and Loch Eil groups of the Moine Supergroup give a U–-Pb zircon age of 873 ± 6 Ma. This new age for the…1 January, 1999
The effect of increased ion production due to the precipitation of both ions and electrons in the cusp region has been studied using a computational model of the high-latitude ionosphere.…Read more on Modeling the ionospheric effects of ion and electron precipitation in the cusp
1 January, 1999
The aim of this study is to examine the information given by various indices of rhizome morphology that describe grazed and ungrazed rhizome systems of Acaena magellanica (Rosaceae). Internode lengths,…1 January, 1999
The effects of UV-B exclusion and enhancement of solar radiation on photosynthesis of the two phanerogams which occur in the maritime Antarctic, Deschampsia antarctica and Colobanthus quitensis, and the moss…1 January, 1999
To assess large-whale stocks following the cessation of land-based South Georgia whaling in 1965, we report three independent sighting databases: a cruise in 1997, observations from Bird Island (NW of…Read more on Relative abundance of large whales around South Georgia (1979–1998
1 January, 1999
Moraine Corrie Glacier lies close to the UK summer station Fossil Bluff where meteorological measurements have been taken intermittently since 1961. The elevation of the glacier surface has been measured…Read more on Surface ablation rates on Moraine Corrie Glacier, Antarctica
1 January, 1999 by Eugene Murphy, Paul Rodhouse
The short life span of cephalopods suggests a potential for high sensitivity to the artificial selective effects of human exploitation. To explore the effects of such selection life-history optimisation was…1 January, 1999 by Mervyn Freeman, Michael Pinnock
We examined the dynamics of the ionospheric plasma in the dayside sector by using the HF radar data at Iceland West and at Finland from 1100 to 1230 UT on…Read more on A very large scale flow burst observed by the SuperDARN radars
1 January, 1999 by John Turner, Robert Mulvaney
With the planned European Programme for Ice Coring in Antarctica in Dronning Maud Land it is important to understand the processes leading to accumulation for successful interpretation of core data.…1 January, 1999
Red sprites consist of multiple ionised columns extending above a thunderstorm from ∼30 km to ∼90 km. Electron densities in these columns are very much larger than the ambient background,…1 January, 1999
Meesia uliginosa Hedw. and the family Meesiaceae are recorded for the first time in the Antarctic. The species is occasional on Joinville and James Ross Islands near the Trinity Peninsula,…Read more on Meesia uliginosa Hedw. (Musci, Meesiaceae) in Antarctica
1 January, 1999
A detailed Rb-Sr geochronological and geochemical study has been carried out on granitoids of the North Patagonian batholith in Aysén. The results for 25 plutonic bodies reveal a complex age…Read more on Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution of the North Patagonian Batholith in Aysen, southern Chile
1 January, 1999 by Robert Mulvaney
Two 10cm lengths of firn core from the Dyer Plateau (700° 3l'S, 65°0l'W), Antarctic Peninsula, were used to carry out a laboratory experiment to investigate the migration of methane sulphonate,…Read more on Laboratory study of the migration of methane sulphonate in firn
1 January, 1999 by Lloyd Peck
Ice disturbance is possibly the major structuring element of polar nearshore biological communities. Effects range from encapsulation by ice forming on rock substrata to gouging and trampling by bergs. Some…1 January, 1999 by Michael Pinnock
Data from HF-radars are used to make the first simultaneous conjugate measurements of the dayside reconnection electric field. A period of 4 h around local magnetic noon are studied during…