Archives: Publications
Antarctic Peninsula Late Cretaceous-Early Cenozoic palaeoenvironments and Gondwana palaeogeographies
1 January, 2000
A review is made of stratigraphical, geochemical and palaeogeographical data from the northern Antarctic Peninsula and the Southern Ocean for Late Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic times. Clay mineral and S/total organic C…The non-marine invertebrate fauna of Deception Island (Maritime Antarctic): a baseline for a comprehensive biodiversity database
1 January, 2000 by Peter Convey, Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
A small collection of samples from terrestrial and fresh-water habitats on Deception Island in the Maritime Antarctic South Shetland archipelago yielded 14 invertebrate taxa, including four species, which are new…Profiling cryopreservation protocols for Ribes ciliatum using differential scanning calorimetry
1 January, 2000 by Roger Worland, William Block
DSC analysis was performed at three points in the cryopreservation process on encapsulated-dehydrated meristems of Ribes ciliatum. Meristems were excised from shoots pre-treated with either sucrose or glucose, encapsulated in…Vibrational Raman spectroscopic study of scytonemin, the UV-protective cyanobacterial pigment
1 January, 2000
The Raman spectrum of the photoprotective pigmentscytonemin found in cyanobacterial sheaths has been obtained for the first time. Its skeletal structure is extensively conjugated and unique in nature. Detailed molecular…Inter-annual variation in the gonad cycle of the mackerel icefish
1 January, 2000
Spawning by Antarctic fish is generally considered to be seasonal and restricted to a brief period during the autumn and winter. Arising from this it has been assumed that the…Read more on Inter-annual variation in the gonad cycle of the mackerel icefish
Cretaceous (Late Albian) coniferales of Alexander Island, Antarctica. 1: Wood taxonomy: a quantitative approach
1 January, 2000
Silicified conifer woods are very common in the mid-Cretaceous (LateAlbian, 100 Ma) Triton Point Member of the Neptune Glacier Formation (Fossil Bluff Group), SE AlexanderIsland, Antarctica. These occur as up…A method to distinguish between woods produced by evergreen and deciduous coniferopsids on the basis of growth ring anatomy: a new palaeoecological tool
1 January, 2000
A method is outlined in which woods produced by deciduous and evergreen coniferopsids may be distinguished from one another on the basis of a quantitative analysis of growth ring anatomy.…The relationship between leaf longevity and growth ring markedness in modern conifer woods and its implications for palaeoclimatic studies
1 January, 2000
Growth rings in modern conifer woods were quantitatively analysed to investigate the relationship between leaflongevity and the markedness of the growth ring boundary. Five conifer species exhibiting a wide range…Lipids, trophic relationships, and biodiversity in Arctic and Antarctic krill
1 January, 2000 by Andrew Clarke
Environmental seasonality is a critical factor in structuring polar marine ecosystems. The extensive data now available on the lipids of Arctic and Antarctic euphausiids show that all species are characterised…Read more on Lipids, trophic relationships, and biodiversity in Arctic and Antarctic krill
Fish do not avoid survey vessels
1 January, 2000
The precarious condition of the world's fisheries is making ever-greater demands of the scientific assessment of fish stocks. Traditional assessments that rely on commercial catch statistics can have major shortcomings1…Relics of a complex triple junction in the Weddell Sea embayment, Antarctica
1 January, 2000
Interpretation of an airborne magnetic data compilation containing a key, new survey, together with re-tracked satellite gravity data from the WeddellSeaembayment (WSE), West Antarctica, suggests Rift–Rift–Rift triplejunction formation at the…Read more on Relics of a complex triple junction in the Weddell Sea embayment, Antarctica
Facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy of CRP-2/2A, Victoria Land basin, Antarctica
1 January, 2000
The Oligocene to Quaternary succession encountered in CRP-2/2A is divided into twelve recurrent lithofacies (some of which have been subdivided further), reflecting a range of marine, glacimarine and possibly subglacial…Read more on Facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy of CRP-2/2A, Victoria Land basin, Antarctica
Possible causes of stratospheric NO2 trends observed at Lauder, New Zealand
1 January, 2000 by Howard Roscoe
A recently published analysis of slant columns of NO2 observed at twilight at 45°S has identified trends of about 5%/decade between 1980 and 1998. This is twice the trend in…Read more on Possible causes of stratospheric NO2 trends observed at Lauder, New Zealand
Effect of magnetopause leakage on the lifetime of magnetospheric cavity modes
1 January, 2000 by Mervyn Freeman
Magnetospheric cavity modes can decay through various loss processes. Energy leakage across the magnetopause is one such process that is commonly neglected. Here we consider what the actual effect of…Read more on Effect of magnetopause leakage on the lifetime of magnetospheric cavity modes
Evidence for a solar wind origin of the power law burst lifetime distribution of the AE indices
1 January, 2000 by Mervyn Freeman
In this paper we examine the claim that the power law distribution of burst lifetimes in the AE index is evidence that the magnetosphere is a Self‐Organized Critical (SOC) system.…Power law distributions of burst duration and interburst interval in the solar wind: Turbulence or dissipative self-organized criticality?
1 January, 2000 by Mervyn Freeman
We calculate the probability density functions P of burst energy e, duration T, and interburst interval τ for a known turbulent system in nature. Bursts in the Earth-Sun component of…Variations between winter and summer in the toxicity of copper to a population of the mysid Praunus flexuosus
1 January, 2000 by Lloyd Peck
Copper toxicity was tested on a coastal population of the mysid Praunus flexuosus (Müller) from Southampton Water (Southern England) under winter and summer conditions. Ten-day toxicity tests were performed on…Foraging partitioning between giant petrels Macronectes spp. and its relationship with breeding population changes at Bird Island, South Georgia
1 January, 2000 by Andrew Wood
We satellite-tracked the foraging trips of males and females of the 2 sibling species of giant petrels, Macronectes halli and M. giganteus, breeding sympatrically at Bird Island (South Georgia, Antarctica),…Sexual dimorphism and sexual segregation in foraging strategies of northern giant petrels, Macronectes halli, during incubation
1 January, 2000 by Andrew Wood
Giant petrels (Macronectes spp.) are the most sexually dimorphic of all seabirds. We used satellite-tracking and mass change during incubation to investigate the influence of sexual size dimorphism, in terms…Field comparison of an LHPR net sampling system and an Optical Plankton Counter (OPC) in the Southern Ocean
1 January, 2000 by Eugene Murphy, Peter Ward
A field comparison of an optical plankton counter (OPC) and a Longhurst-Hardy Plankton Recorder (LHPR) was undertaken around the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia during austral spring, 1997, to investigate…Foraging ranges, diets and feeding locations of gannets Morus bassanus in the North Sea:evidence from satellite telemetry
1 January, 2000 by Andrew Wood, Richard Phillips
We used satellite telemetry to examine the foraging ranges, feeding locations and travel speeds of 17 chick-rearing gannets Morus bassanus from the Bass Rock, SE Scotland. Regurgitates indicated that birds…A search for ENSO teleconnections in the west Antarctic Peninsula climate in austral winter
1 January, 2000
Evidence is sought for El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections in the South Pacific extratropical atmospheric circulation and in seasonal temperatures in the west Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) during austral winter. Emphasis…Sprite observations in the Northern Territory of Australia
1 January, 2000
Sprites, a form of brief luminous discharge in the upper atmosphere above a thunderstorm, were observed and imaged on two video cameras in Australia's Northern Territory. These were the first…Read more on Sprite observations in the Northern Territory of Australia
Do some like it hot? Temperature as a possible determinant of variability in the growth of the Patagonian squid, Loligo gahi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae)
1 January, 2000
Loligo gahi were collected from bottom trawl samples taken around the Falkland Islands on both commercial and research vessels from January 1994 to November 1995. Commercial samples were taken from…Continental rift to back-arc basin: Jurassic-Cretaceous stratigraphical and structural evolution of the Larsen Basin, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2000
The Larsen Basin developed in Jurassic times as a result of continental rifting during the early stages of Gondwana break‐up. Lower‐?Upper Jurassic non‐marine sedimentary and volcanic rocks constitute a syn‐rift…Temperature and the hygropreference of the Arctic Collembolan Onychiurus arcticus and mite Lauroppia translamellata
1 January, 2000 by Roger Worland, Peter Convey
The hygropreference of adult Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg) was investigated over 2 h at 0, 10 and 20°C, along humidity gradients (12–98% RH) established using different salt solutions. At all temperatures…Chlamydophila abortus in a brown skua (Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi) from a subantarctic island
1 January, 2000
On Bird Island, South Georgia, a new strain of Chlamydophila abortus was detected in one Brown skua out of 37 specimens from six different seabird species. Phylogenetic analysis of thernpB…Sliding over anisotropic beds
1 January, 2000 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Many glacier beds are anisotropic, by which is meant that the dominant wavelengths are different in the two map-plane directions. A largely unexplored consequence of Nye-Kamb sliding theory is the…Use of a viscous model of till rheology to describe gravitational loading instabilities in glacial sediments
1 January, 2000 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
This paper models the operation of loading (Rayleigh-Taylor) instabilities in sediments using an effective-pressure-dependent viscosity such has been used to model the deformation of sediment beneath glaciers. A particular feature…Artificial surface pressure trends in the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica
1 January, 2000 by Gareth Marshall
An examination of 50 years of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis from 1949 to 1998 reveals that significant spurious trends occur in…Raman spectroscopy of pigments and oxalates in situ within epilithic lichens: Acarospora from the Antarctic and Mediterranean
1 January, 2000
Fourier Transform laser Raman spectroscopy was used to generate diagnostic spectra for pigments and biodegradative calcium oxalate in situ in two yellow-pigmented species of the lichen genus Acarospora from contrasting…Living probes into the marine environment – apex predators as oceanographic platforms
1 January, 2000
The primary obstacles to the collection of oceanographic data are the limitations of sampling i n time and in three-dimensional space. Ship-board surveys are well designed for detailed sampling at…Read more on Living probes into the marine environment – apex predators as oceanographic platforms
Electron pitch angle diffusion by electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic waves: The origin of pancake distributions
1 January, 2000 by Richard Horne
It has been suggested that highly anisotropic electron pancake distributions are the result of pitch angle diffusion by electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) and whistler mode waves in the equatorial…Proton and electron heating by radially propagating fast magnetosonic waves
1 January, 2000 by Richard Horne
We investigate the propagation, growth, and decay of fast magnetosonic waves in the Earth's magnetosphere which are believed to contribute to proton heating up to energies of a few hundred…Read more on Proton and electron heating by radially propagating fast magnetosonic waves
Chick growth in albatrosses: curve fitting with a twist
1 January, 2000
We present a new type of equation to describe the growth patterns of procellariiform seabirds and other species whose chicks characteristically lose mass towards the end of the rearing period.…Read more on Chick growth in albatrosses: curve fitting with a twist
Chick provisioning rates and growth in Black-browed Albatross Diomedea melanophris and Grey-headed Albatross D. chrysostoma at Bird Island, South Georgia
1 January, 2000
We compared the parental division of labour and the pattern and rate of parental provisioning by two sympatric species of albatross of similar mass and breeding timetable but differing in…Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) concentrations in the Antarctic troposphere measured during the photochemical experiment at Neumayer (PEAN’99)
1 January, 2000 by Anna Jones
Because investigations of PAN at higher southern latitudes are very scarce, we measured surface PAN concentrations for the first time in Antarctica. During the Photochemical Experiment at Neumayer (PEAN'99) campaign…Speciation and rate of photochemical NO and NO2 production in Antarctic snow
1 January, 2000 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff
Measurements were made of NO and NO2, in controlled experiments to investigate their production from snow. Throughout a diurnal cycle, measurements were made of ambient air and air from inside…Read more on Speciation and rate of photochemical NO and NO2 production in Antarctic snow
Dynasonde observations of electron concentration gradients above Tromsø
1 January, 2000
The Dynasonde is a digital ionosonde which measures the amplitude and phase of radio echoes reflected from the ionosphere. In addition to the frequency and virtual range of each echo,…Read more on Dynasonde observations of electron concentration gradients above Tromsø
Palaeolimnological evidence for marked Holocene environmental changes on Signy Island, Antarctica
1 January, 2000 by Dominic Hodgson
Lake-sediment cores from Heywood and Sombre Lakes on Signy Island (South Orkney Islands), Antarctica, have yielded a conformable radiocarbon chronology for the Holocene and a high-resolution record of environmental change.…Gastropod predation patterns in Pliocene and Recent pectinid bivalves from Antarctica and New Zealand
1 January, 2000
Boreholes in the large, extinct Antarctic Neogene pectinid Zygochlamys anderssoni suggest that this scallop was preyed upon by a large predatory muricid gastropod impossibly a Trophon species). The holes occur…Global evolution of a substorm-associated DP2 current system observed by superDARN and magnetometers
1 January, 2000 by Michael Pinnock
This paper deals with an evolution of the electric field in the dayside auroral and equatorial ionosphere during asubstorm on July 16, 1995. A southward turning of the IMF detected…The crustal structure and sedimentation of the Weddell Sea embayment: implications for Gondwana reconstructions
1 January, 2000 by Ed King
The Weddell Sea embayment is central to reconstructions of the West Antarctic region of Gondwana. Some reconstructions represent this area as a pre-break-up component, the Filchner block, defined by the…A pilot study for predicting ozone amounts for the general public in southern Chile
1 January, 2000 by Anna Jones, John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
During 1994/95 a UK Overseas Development Administration (now Department for International Development - DFID) funded project was undertaken to predict ozone amount over Punta Arenas in southern Chile. A low-cost…Read more on A pilot study for predicting ozone amounts for the general public in southern Chile
Combined characterisation of GOME and TOMS total ozone measurements from space using ground-based observations from the NDSC
1 January, 2000 by Howard Roscoe, Jonathan Shanklin
Several years of total ozone measured from space by the ERS-2 GOME, the Earth Probe TOMS, and the ADEOS TOMS, are compared with high-quality ground-based observations associated with the Network…Strontium isotope stratigraphy and age model for CRP-2/2A, Victoria Land basin, Antarctica
1 January, 2000
Strontium isotope stratigraphy was used to date 16 discrete horizons within the CRP-2/2A drillhole. Reworked Quaternary (Protozoan growth rates in Antarctic lakes
1 January, 2000
The growth rates of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNAN), mixotrophic cryptophytes, dinoflagellates and ciliates in field assemblages from Ace Lake in the Vestfold Hills (eastern Antarctica) and Lakes Fryxell and Hoare (McMurdo…A comparison of two spectral approaches for computing the Earth response to surface loads
1 January, 2000 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
When predicting the deformation of the Earth under surface loads, most models follow the same methodology, consisting of producing a unit response that is then con-volved with the appropriate surface…Magma supply in back-arc spreading segment E2, East Scotia Ridge
1 January, 2000 by Philip Leat
Segment E2 is situated in the back-arc East Scotia Ridge. The segment is unusual in that it has an axial topographic high underlain by a seismically imaged melt lens. The…Read more on Magma supply in back-arc spreading segment E2, East Scotia Ridge
Middle Jurassic ultramafic lamprophyre dyke within the Ferrar magmatic province, Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica
1 January, 2000 by Philip Leat, Teal Riley
An ultramafic lamprophyre dyke is described from the otherwise tholeiitic Ferrar magmatic province of Antarctica. We report an Ar-Ar age of 183 ± 2.2 Ma for the dyke, indistinguishable from…Model and measurements show Antarctic ozone loss follows edge of polar night
1 January, 2000 by Howard Roscoe
A three‐dimensional chemical‐transport model of the stratosphere has been used to study the 1996 austral winter and spring. Both the model and ozonesonde measurements show that ozone depletion associated with…Read more on Model and measurements show Antarctic ozone loss follows edge of polar night
Autopsy on a dead spreading center: The Phoenix Ridge, Drake Passage, Antarctica
1 January, 2000
New bathymetric and magnetic anomaly data from the Phoenix Ridge, Antarctica, show that extinction of all three remaining segments occurred at the time of magnetic chron C2A (3.3 ± 0.2…Read more on Autopsy on a dead spreading center: The Phoenix Ridge, Drake Passage, Antarctica
Aerobic endospore-forming bacteria from geothermal environments in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, and Candlemas Island, South Sandwich archipelago, with the proposal of Bacillus fumarioli sp. nov
1 January, 2000
Aerobic endospore-forming bacteria were isolated from soils taken from active fumaroles on Mount Rittmann and Mount Melbourne in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, and from active and inactive fumaroles on Candlemas…Tectonics of an extinct ridge-transform intersection, Drake Passage (Antarctica)
1 January, 2000
New swath bathymetric, multichannel seismic and magnetic data reveal the complexity of the intersection between the extinct West Scotia Ridge (WSR) and the Shackleton Fracture Zone (SFZ), a first-order NW-SE…Read more on Tectonics of an extinct ridge-transform intersection, Drake Passage (Antarctica)
Profile measurements of blowing snow at Halley, Antarctica
1 January, 2000
Measurements of blowing snow particle concentration from the second Stable Antarctic Boundary Layer Experiment (STABLE 2) are presented. The measurements, made at Halley Station (75.6 degreesS, 26.7 degreesW) throughout the…Read more on Profile measurements of blowing snow at Halley, Antarctica
Two new species of Schusteria (Acari: Oribatida: Ameronothroidea) from marine shores in southern Africa
1 January, 2000
Oribatid mites are typically terrestrial, though many species of Ameronothroidea are marine intertidal. Marine ameronothroids are cosmopolitan with genera being endemic to the Holarctic, sub-Antarctic, or equatorial Indo-Pacific and tropical…An examination of the precipitation regime at Thurston Island, Antarctica, from ECMWF re-analysis data
1 January, 2000 by Gareth Marshall
In this study numerical weather prediction model data are utilized to examine the precipitation regime at Thurston Island (TI) (∼72°S, 99°W) in West Antarctica. This region was chosen because the…An appraisal of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis MSLP data viability for climate studies in the South Pacific
1 January, 2000 by Gareth Marshall
Fifty years of monthly mean sea level pressure (MSLP) data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis (hereinafter NNR) are validated against station observations in the extratropical South Pacific and West Antarctica. The…Uncertainties in satellite-derived estimates of surface UV doses
1 January, 2000
Satellite-derived maps of surface UV irradiance are currently limited by their poorly assessed accuracy. Here we use an extensive data set of ground-based spectral measurements from two Alpine sites to…Read more on Uncertainties in satellite-derived estimates of surface UV doses
Structure and diversity of soil algal communities from Cierva Point (Antarctic Peninsula)
1 January, 2000
Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae, together with bacteria and fungi, are known to be primary colonizers of mineral soils throughout Antarctica. Their species diversity and soil coverage were studied in 18…Definition of Late Cretaceous stage boundaries in Antarctica using Sstrontium ssotope stratigraphy
1 January, 2000 by Alistair Crame
New 87Sr/86Sr analyses of macrofossils from 13 key marker horizons on James Ross and Vega Islands, Antarctica, allow the integration of the Antarctic Late Cretaceous succession into the standard biostratigraphic…An investigation into the roles of ECH and whistler mode waves in the formation of ‘pancake’ electron distributions using data from the CRRES satellite
1 January, 2000 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
Electron pitch angle distributions sharply peaked at 90 degrees pitch angle were first recorded in the energy range 50 eV < E < 500 eV by the GEOS-1 and GEOS-2…The birds of Rothera, Adelaide Island, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2000
The current status of birds at Rothera, Adelaide Land, Antarctica is presented. Of the 23 species recorded, Snow Petrel Pagodroma nivea, Wilson’s Storm Petrel Oceanites oceanicus, Antarctic Shag or Cormorant…Read more on The birds of Rothera, Adelaide Island, Antarctic Peninsula
The Bouvet triple junction, 20 to 10 Ma, and extensive transtensional deformation adjacent to the Bouvet and Conrad transforms
1 January, 2000
The Bouvet triple junction has been proposed to have evolved as a ridge-fault-fault (RFF) type between 20 and 10 Ma, connecting the southernmost Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR) with the Bouvet and…Soluble carbohydrates (trehalose in particular) and cryoprotection in polar biota
1 January, 2000
Data are presented here on low molecular weight carbohydrates contents (assessed from samples collected in situ) of selected, representative terrestrial species from the maritime Antarctic. Significant seasonal variation for most…Read more on Soluble carbohydrates (trehalose in particular) and cryoprotection in polar biota
The transition from the Last Glacial Period in inland and near‐coastal Antarctica
1 January, 2000 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
Recent studies suggested that, during the transition out of the last glacial period, one near‐coastal site in Antarctica showed a response similar to that of Greenland, and unlike that of…Read more on The transition from the Last Glacial Period in inland and near‐coastal Antarctica
Glacier surge propagation by thermal evolution at the bed
1 January, 2000 by Andy Smith
Bakaninbreen, southern Svalbard, began a prolonged surge during 1985. In 1986, an internal reflecting horizon on radio echo sounding data was interpreted to show that the position of the surge…Read more on Glacier surge propagation by thermal evolution at the bed
Geometry and development of glacial continental margin depositional systems in the Bellingshausen Sea
1 January, 2000 by Robert Larter
We present multi-channel seismic (MCS) reflection profiles and bathymetry data acquired across a remote and poorly surveyed part of the Antarctic continental margin in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas. This…Upper Cretaceous echinoids from James Ross Basin, Antarctica
1 January, 2000 by Alistair Crame
New palaeontological collections made from Upper Cretaceous strata exposed within the James RossBasin, Antarctica, include ten echinoid species. Five species are described for the first time from Antarctica, while four…Read more on Upper Cretaceous echinoids from James Ross Basin, Antarctica
Salmonella in sub-Antarctica: low heterogeneity in salmonella serotypes in South Georgian seals and birds
1 January, 2000
The number of human visitors to Antarctica is increasing rapidly, and with it a risk of introducing infectious organisms to native animals. To study the occurrence of salmonella serotypes in…Episodic silicic volcanism in Patagonia and the Antarctic Peninsula: Chronology of magmatism associated with the break-up of Gondwana
1 January, 2000 by Teal Riley
New SHRIMP U–Pb zircon, Rb–Sr whole-rock, and 40Ar–39Ar data are presented for the Jurassic silicic volcanic rocks and related granitoids of Patagonia and the Antarctic Peninsula. U–Pb is the only…Migration of methane sulphonate in Antarctic firn and ice
1 January, 2000 by Robert Mulvaney
We investigate the seasonal relationship of the sulphur-bearing anions methane sulphonate (MSA−) and non-sea-salt sulphate (nssSO42−) in sections of firn and ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula and Weddell Sea…Read more on Migration of methane sulphonate in Antarctic firn and ice