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Oxygen is fundamental to ocean biogeochemical processes, with deoxygenation potentially reducing biodiversity, and disrupting biogeochemical cycles. In recent decades, the global ocean oxygen concentration has been decreasing, but this decrease […]
Background: The northern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes moseleyi) is a threatened species, listed as Endangered globally by the IUCN owing to rapid population decreases in the past, combined with a limited […]
We evaluated endolithic fungal diversity associated with rocks sampled at the polyextreme Brazilian São Pedro and São Paulo archipelago using a DNA amplicon metagenomics approach. We detected 808,547 fungal DNA […]
Storylines are physically plausible scenarios of future climate change, statistically derived from an ensemble of climate model projections and organized according to the magnitude of projected changes in two or […]
Modelling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere system is one of the grand challenges for Earth system scientists. On 8 March 2024 the Royal Astronomical Society hosted a Specialist Discussion Meeting, with both online […]
Chorus waves are naturally occurring plasma waves often observed in the terrestrial radiation belts that strongly influence the behavior of energetic electrons. These waves can both accelerate electrons to relativistic […]
Scope of this document 1. Space weather may be described as disturbances of the upper atmosphere and near Earth space that disrupt a wide range of technological systems – and, […]
Studying airborne viruses in remote environments like the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia offers key insights into viral ecology, diversity, and their role in shaping ecosystems through microbial and nutrient […]
The marginal male hypothesis is a mechanism proposed to explain gregariousness in pinnipeds. Here, we explore whether this mechanism, combined with density-dependent pup survival, can also account for heterogeneity in […]
Tabular icebergs calve from ice shelves and glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland, and northern Ellesmere Island. These “ice islands”, as they are referred to in the Arctic, drift, melt, and fragment, […]
Emperor penguins are highly reliant on stable fast ice for successful breeding, and some studies project possible quasi-extinction for most colonies by 2100 due to future sea-ice loss. To better […]