Showing 11923 items
1 May, 1994 by Eric Wolff
Lead concentrations from an Antarctic snow pit show the pattern of Pb reaching the Antarctic atmosphere over the last 70 years. Between 1920 and 1950, the Pb concentration shows significant…Read more on Antarctic snow record of southern hemisphere lead pollution
1 April, 1994 by John King
We present eddy-correlation measurements of heat and water vapour fluxes made during the Antarctic winter. The surface layer was stably stratified throughout the period of observation and sensible heat fluxes…Read more on Heat and water vapour fluxes and scalar roughness lengths over an Antarctic ice shelf
1 April, 1994
The assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics technique has been used to derive the large-scale high-latitude ionospheric convection patterns simultaneously in both northern and southern hemispheres during the period of January…Read more on Interhemispheric asymmetry of the high-latitude ionospheric convection pattern
1 April, 1994 by Eric Wolff
Electrical and chemical analysis of the GRIP ice core from Summit in central Greenland confirms that the ECM current is controlled solely by acids in the ice, though there could…1 April, 1994 by Michael Pinnock
Polar patches are regions within the polar cap where the F-region electron concentration and airglow emission at 630 nm are enhanced above a background level. Previous observations have demonstrated that…1 March, 1994
The near Earth space environment (known as Geospace) is dominated by the interaction between the solar wind and the geomagnetic field, which creates the magnetosphere. Considerable energy flows from the…Read more on The Southern Hemisphere Auroral Radar Experiment (SHARE)
1 March, 1994
Within the Jones Mountains, which form part of the Thurston Island crustal block, up to 700 m of Miocene (c. 10 Ma) pillow basalt and palagonitized volcaniclastic rocks unconformably overlie…1 March, 1994
A 215-m ice core has penetrated the central part of the Ronne Ice Shelf (76°59′S, 52°16′W). The core consisted of meteoric ice above 152.8-m depth; below this the ice was…1 March, 1994
Approximately 70 species out of a total of more than 520 Acari recorded from Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands may originate from other continents, especially Australasia, South America and Europe.…Read more on Non-indigenous Acari of Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands
1 March, 1994
The occurrence and distribution of the South Georgia fungal flora, particularly Ascomycotina and Basidiomycotina, is assessed in terms of habitat and substrate preference. The 113 taxa reported comprise 37 basidiomycetes,…Read more on Species diversity and resource relationships of South Georgian fungi
1 March, 1994
It is hard to divorce most human activities, including science, completely from politics. Politics is about perceived certainty whilst science is about doubt – they make strange bedfellows. Politicians detest…Read more on Providing expert scientific advice on the Antarctic environment [editorial]
1 March, 1994 by Mervyn Freeman
Both the injection of energetic particles at geostationary orbit and ground magnetic observations of Pi 2 wave activity are characteristic indicators of the onset of the substorm expansion phase. Occurrence…1 February, 1994
An oxygen stable isotope study of molluscan macrofossils from the Tithonian to the Eocene of the James Ross Island and Alexander Island areas, Antarctica, was carried out in conjunction with…1 February, 1994 by Philip Leat
The Mesozoic LeMay Group accretionary complex of Alexander Island, Antarctica, contains thrust-bound slices of accreted ocean floor, ocean islands and seamounts. They represent fragments of proto-Pacific oceanic crust, of which…1 February, 1994
The spatial extent and temporal behaviour of quasi-periodic (QP) intensity modulations of 0.5-2 kHz ELF-VLF signals were investigated in a comparative study of data collected at the Antarctic stations of…1 January, 1994
A method for extending the calibrated temperature rang of a solid-state capacitive humidity sensor is presented. This technique is applicable to relative humidity instruments that are based around solid-state sensors.Read more on A method for rescaling humidity sensors at temperatures well below freezing
1 January, 1994
Southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina display extreme sexual dimorphism. In addition females show great variation in size and stored resources at parturition. Therefore they present an excellent opportunity for examination…1 January, 1994
During seven days of operations involving the setting and hauling of longlines to catch the toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides around the South Sandwich Islands, actual and potential interactions with seabirds were…1 January, 1994
During the austral midsummers of 1989/1990 and 1990/1991, seven grazing experiments were undertaken near South Georgia. The copepods spanned 3 orders of magnitude in body mass, from young copepodids of…1 January, 1994 by Mark Clilverd
Data from the VLF Doppler experiment at Faraday, Antarctica (65○ S, 64○ W) are used to study the penetration of the high-latitude convection electric field to lower latitudes during severely…1 January, 1994
Results from a mathematical model provide a description of the mid-latitude, low L-shell ionosphere and plasmasphere. Variations in the composition and dynamics of the plasmasphere and changes in the nature…Read more on The effect of disturbed-time electric fields on the inner plasmasphere
1 January, 1994
Mie scattering models suggest that the thermal infrared emissivity of snow is relatively insensitive to variations in its properties and is dependent, primarily, on viewing angle. This gives rise to…Read more on The atmospheric correction for satellite infrared radiometer data in polar regions
1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes
Many areas of the Antarctic continental shelf support rich communities of benthic suspension feeders, of which Bryozoa are frequently an important component. These communities inhabit an environment characterised by a…1 January, 1994
A thick, largely shallow marine succession of Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary strata, deposited in the James Ross Basin, is well exposed on an archipelago of islands at the northern end…1 January, 1994
Two new mite species, Halacarellus porellus n.sp. and H. novellus n.sp., are described. Both species were collected from the littoral zone in a sheltered bay on the northeast coast of…Read more on Two new species ofHalacarellus(Halacaridae: Acari) from South Georgia
1 January, 1994
Heart rates (fh) and rates of oxygen consumption (V(dot)O2) were measured in eight black-browed albatrosses (Diomedea melanophrys) when walking on a treadmill, with the aim of using fh to predict…1 January, 1994 by Roger Worland, William Block
Ecophysiological characteristics, including survival at high and low temperatures, locomotory activity at sub-zero temperatures, supercooling ability and oxygen consumption rates, were investigated for the Arctic springtail Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg) (Collembola,…Read more on Thermal adaptation in the Arctic collembolan Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg)
1 January, 1994 by William Block
Scientific reasons for the study of terrestrial ecosystems in the Antarctic are outlined together with brief descriptions of the maritime and continental zones. Opportunities for ecological research are highlighted in…1 January, 1994
1. Foraging behaviour of Antarctic fur seals rearing pups at Bird Island, South Georgia, was assessed using at-sea activity patterns measured by electronic time-depth recorders. Information was obtained for a…Read more on Foraging behaviour of Antarctic fur seals during periods of contrasting prey abundance
1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck
The marked seasonality of high latitude marine ecosystems means that the relationship between nutrition and metabolism is of particular interest, for many polar organisms must survive long periods without food.…1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke, Paul Rodhouse
The proximate (protein, lipid, carbohydrate and ash) and elemental (C, H, N and P) composition of the major tissues were measured for 18 male and 51 female Illex argentinus sampled…1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke
Excretion of ammonia, urea and primary amines (assayed as fluorescamine-positive substances, FPS) was measured in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna. The mean contributions to overall excretion rate were 89% ammonia,…Read more on Nitrogen excretion in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908)
1 January, 1994 by Paul Rodhouse
Stomach contents of Loligo forbesi obtained from commercial landings and research cruises in Irish waters and the Irish Sea were examined. A total of 62.3% of stomachs were empty. Fish…Read more on Diet of the squid Loligo forbesi Steenstrup (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in Irish waters
1 January, 1994
We examine some aspects of the performance of the United Kingdom Meteorological Office's new climate model over Antarctica. Pressure and temperature fields are presented as a basic check on the…Read more on The Antarctic climate of the UKMO Unified Model
1 January, 1994 by Peter Convey
Growth and mortality rates of three juvenile instars and adults of the oribatid mite Alaskozetes antarcticus were measured over a twelve month period using field enclosures m Its maritime Antarctic…Read more on Growth and survival strategy of the Antarctic mite Alaskozetes antarcticus
1 January, 1994 by Peter Convey
A comparison is made of the reproductive effort (RE), considered as the investment in sporophyte relative to gametophyte biomass, of eight species of moss occurring at sub-and maritime Antarctic sites.…Read more on Modelling reproductive effort in sub-and maritime Antarctic mosses
1 January, 1994 by Peter Convey
Rates of dark respiration (DR), gross photosynthesis (GPS) and net photosynthesis (NPS) were investigated for 14 species of moss from a maritime Antarctic locality. The rates found were similar to…Read more on Photosynthesis and dark respiration in Antarctic mosses?an initial comparative study
1 January, 1994
Snow surfaces in the polar regions have uniform reflecting properties over large areas. Slopes are usually low-in Antarctica, they rarely exceed 2/spl deg/ except in mountainous regions. Such low slopes…Read more on A simple shape-from-shading algorithm applied to images of ice-covered terrain
1 January, 1994
Thermospheric winds on a total of 237 nights have been studied for the effects due to geomagnetic activity, solar flux, and season. The observations have been made from 1988 to…Read more on Mean thermospheric winds observed from Halley, Antarctica
1 January, 1994
The Antarctic marine ecosystem is proposed as an environment in which to monitor global hydrocarbon background levels. Hydrocarbon concentrations are probably uniform throughout the Southern Ocean and it is difficult…Read more on Hydrocarbons in the Antarctic marine environment: monitoring and background
1 January, 1994
For many albatross species squid are important prey. Whether albatrosses depend on scavenging (e.g. of vomit from cetaceans, post-spawning die-offs or fishery waste) or on live-capture of squid (e.g. via…Read more on Dead or alive, night or day: how do albatrosses catch squid?
1 January, 1994
Eleven species of Achnanthes from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands are described including one new species. Benthic algal material from a range of shallow lakes of varying trophic status was…Read more on Taxonomic studies of Achnanthes(Bacillariophyta) in freshwater maritime antarctic lakes
1 January, 1994 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Hexapodibius boothi sp.n., a new species of semi-terrestrial tardigrade from fellfield mineral soil material at the Dundee Island (in the Maritime Antarctic) is described.1 January, 1994
Ovarian maturation in Notothenia coriiceps is known to include a period during which yolk deposition begins to take place. This ‘adolescent’ phase was thought originally to last for about 1…1 January, 1994
The number of individual plants and colonies of the two native Antarctic vascular plants, Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, have been monitored between 1964 and 1990 on three islands in…1 January, 1994 by Mervyn Freeman, Michael Pinnock
A discussion is given of plasma flows in the dawn and nightside high-latitude ionospheric regions during substorms occurring on a contracted auroral oval, as observed using the EISCAT CP-4-A experiment.…1 January, 1994 by Paul Rodhouse
Four research surveys of Falkland Island waters were carried out to determine the distribution and abundance of the early life-history stages of Loligo gahi (d'Orbigny, 1835) in the austral winter…Read more on Distribution and abundance of juvenile Loligo gahi in Falkland Island waters
1 January, 1994 by William Block
The feeding biology of the arctic collembolan Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg) is described from West Spitsbergen, based on a combination of gut content analyses for field collected and microcosm-living animals, together…1 January, 1994
A 15 km2 body of metabasite with occasional pillow structures occurs within the Paleozoic accretionary complex in Isla Italia and Isla Dring. Trace elements and REE geochemistry indicate similarities between…1 January, 1994
Passive cloches were deployed at three altitudinally distinct sites on Signy Island, maritime Antarctica, to investigate the effect of ameliorated thermal environment upon fellfield microarthropod communities Temperature was monitored at…1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke
The abundance and biomass of marine planktonic ciliates in Borge Bay, Signy Island, were determined at monthly intervals between April 1990 and June 1991. At least 24 different ciliate taxa…Read more on The annual cycle of planktonic ciliates in nearshore waters at Signy Island, Antarctica
1 January, 1994 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
The literature on terrestrial and freshwater Tardigrada is relatively limited, being concerned with 617 species world wide. Many of the references are in obscure publications. This paper attempts to bring…1 January, 1994
Field data from south-eastern Alexander Island, Antarctica, are used to develop a model for the formation of asymmetrical valley-side slopes. Enhanced weathering and transport causes reduction in the gradient of…1 January, 1994
We describe how to age immature Black-browed Diomedea melanophris and Grey-headed Albatrosses D. chrysostoma up to age 6 years (when they have usually acquired adult characteristics), from a combination of…1 January, 1994 by Robert Larter
Side-scan sonar and sub-bottom acoustic profiler data and sediment cores reveal the processes that controlled sediment transport and deposition on the continental shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula Pacific margin off…Read more on Ice sheet retreat from the Antarctic Peninsula shelf
1 January, 1994
Supercooling point is correlated with total body water content in a wide range of terrestrial Acari from Antarctic, sub-Antarctic and temperate regions, which have not been cold-hardened by prior exposure…1 January, 1994
Neither the benthic Halacaroidea nor nektonic Hydrachnidia, characteristic of temperate and tropical freshwater mite faunas are represented among the twenty four species and sub-species of Acari recorded from the Antarctic…1 January, 1994 by Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
Oceanographic data have been obtained from beneath the Ronne Ice Shelf at a site on the southeastern side of a sea-floor trough, the Ronne Depression. The data consist of 5…Read more on The oceanic environment beneath the northwest Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
1 January, 1994 by Michael Pinnock
The presence of polar patches as observed simultaneously in the same magnetic meridian of opposite nightside ionospheres by coherent and incoherent scatter radars are described. The patches appear to be…