Showing 11880 items
1 December, 1994
Values of attenuation coefficient, Kd(λ), for five visible wavelengths are reported for 14 sites around South Georgia and the Bransfield Strait, in the Southern Ocean. The mean chlorophyll-plus-phaeopigment concentrations in…1 December, 1994 by Robert Larter
The main provinces of the South Shetland margin, Antarctic Peninsula characterized on the basis of multichannel seismic, long-range side scan sonar and swath bathymetry data, include from northwest to southeast…Read more on Forearc tectonic evolution of the South Shetland Margin, Antarctic Peninsula
1 December, 1994 by David Vaughan
Snow temperatures measured at around 10 m depth over the period 1957–1992 have been used to derive a map of mean annual snow surface temperature corrected to sea level over…1 December, 1994
Late Cretaceous sedimentary rocks assigned to the Santa Marta (Herbert Sound Member) and López de Bertodano (Cape Lamb and Sandwich Bluff members) formations of the Marambio Group, crop out on…Read more on Petrography and provenance of the Marambio Group, Vega Island, Antarctica
1 December, 1994
Marine shallow-water to emergent volcanoes have been described in detail, but comparable englacial centres are not well documented. Brown Bluff is a Pleistocene, shallow water, alkali basaltic volcano whose deposits…Read more on Evolution of an englacial volcano: Brown Bluff, Antarctica
1 December, 1994
Turning international agreement into national law has never been rapid or simple. Each country has its own parliamentary procedures, its own legal system and its own cultural interpretation of what…Read more on Interpreting the Environmental Protocol — a recipe for international confusion?
1 November, 1994
The functional morphology of the buccal mass of 23 species of cephalopod (Octopoda, 4 species; Teuthoidea, 17; Sepioidea, 2) was investigated by gross dissection, histology and observations on fresh preparations.…Read more on Morphology and function of the mandibular muscles in some coleoid cephalopods
1 November, 1994
Visible spectra of the zenith-sky were recorded at Faraday in Antartica during 1990. Line-of-sight NO2 amounts were deduced by fitting laboratory cross-sections to the spectra. A new procedure was used…Read more on Improvements to the accuracy of measurements of NO2 by zenith-sky visible spectrometers
1 November, 1994
Mount Sidley is a complex, polygenetic stratovolcano composed primarily of phonolitic and trachytic lavas and subordinate pyroclastic lithologies at the southern extremity of the Executive Committee Range, a linear chain…1 November, 1994 by Howard Roscoe
Visible spectra of the zenith-sky were recorded at Faraday in Antartica (65°S) during 1990. Line-of-sight ozone amounts were deduced by fitting laboratory cross-sections to the spectra. At the lattitude of…1 October, 1994
1. The reproductive performance of female Antarctic fur seals was examined in relation to age, reproductive experience and environmental variation over 10 consecutive years (1983-92) at Bird Island, South Georgia.…1 October, 1994
Reindeer were introduced 70 years ago to the Stromness Bay area on the subantarctic island of South Georgia, and the herd is still surviving. Two glaciers confine the herd, and…Read more on Continued range expansion of introduced reindeer on South Georgia
1 October, 1994 by John Turner
Results are presented from the first investigation into a summer-season of mesoscale vortex activity in a large sector of the Antarctic coastal region. The study is based on an analysis…1 September, 1994
Spread-F is caused by the presence of ionospheric electron concentration irregularities of scale-size of order 5 km at F-region altitudes. Estimates of spread-F in the vicinity of the maximum plasma…1 September, 1994
Approximately 60 species of benthonic foraminifera are recorded from 14 samples collected by the RRS Discovery from water depths of 200–4200 m on the Antarctic Peninsula Shelf and Slope and…Read more on Recent benthonic foraminifera from the Western Antarctic Ocean
1 September, 1994 by Philip Leat
From at least the Early Jurassic to the Miocene, eastward subduction of oceanic crust took place beneath the Antarctic Peninsula. Magmatism associated with the subduction generated a N-S linear belt…Read more on Central volcanoes as sources for the Antarctic Peninsula Volcanic Group
1 September, 1994
Interannual variation in aspects of the breeding biology of Antarctic prions was studied for three summers (1989–1992) at Bird island, South Georgia. Egg size, mass and incubation period remained constant.…1 September, 1994
Studies of diving in seabirds have mainly been confined to penguins, alcids and cormorants. There are few data on the depths to which other seabirds dive although some species are…1 September, 1994
Fifteen samples of very low-grade mudstones from two widely separated sections in the Miers Bluff Formation on Hurd Peninsula yield an Rb-Sr errorchron (MSWD=8.9) corresponding to an age of 243…1 September, 1994 by Lloyd Peck
Larvae of the Antarctic brachiopod Liothyrella uva (Broderip, 1833) were released by brooding females between 10 and 15 January 1992. They were collected and cultured for the ensuing 45 d.…Read more on Pelagic larval development in the brooding Antarctic brachiopod Liothyrella uva
1 September, 1994 by Paul Rodhouse
The nekton community was sampled by a Rectangular Midwater Trawl (RMT 25) over the upper 1000 m of the Scotia Sea during January 1991. A total of 81 nekton and…Read more on Nekton community of the Scotia Sea as sampled by the RMT 25 during austral summer
1 September, 1994
Monitoring selected populations of the only two native Antarctic vascular plant species (Colobanthus quitensis andDeschampsia antarctica) over a 27-year period has revealed a significant and relatively rapid increase in numbers…Read more on Vascular plants as bioindicators of regional warming in Antarctica
1 September, 1994 by Richard Horne
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in the frequency range below the helium gyrofrequency can be excited in the equatorial region of the outer magnetosphere by cyclotron resonant instability with anisotropic…1 September, 1994 by Richard Horne
Unducted VLF signals produced by lightning activity can form a population of magnetospherically reflected (MR) whistlers in the inner magnetosphere. It has been suggested recently that in the absence of…Read more on Landau damping of magnetospherically reflected whistlers
1 September, 1994
Mid-Cretaceous igneous rocks of central Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica record a rapid change from subduction-related to rift-related magmatism. This correlates with the final stages of subduction of the Phoenix plate…1 September, 1994 by Richard Horne
The path-integrated linear growth of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the outer (L ≥ 7) magnetosphere is investigated using a realistic thermal plasma distribution with an additional anisotropic energetic ring…1 August, 1994
The effects of cytochalasin B and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) on ciliate ingestion and growth were investigated in laboratory cultures of the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis and the marine ciliate Uronema…1 August, 1994
The major flavonoid constituents of the Antarctic grass, Deschampsia antarctica, are shown to be the C-glycosylflavones, isoswertiajaponin (7-O-methylorientin) 2′'-O-β-arabinopyranoside and orientin. These are accompanied by lower levels of orientin 2′'-O-arabinopyranoside,…1 July, 1994 by Adrian Fox
The completion of the SCAR Antarctic digital database (ADD) has provided a new basis for statistical calculations for Antarctica: data-sets are available at the scale of the original source material,…1 July, 1994 by Eugene Murphy, Paul Rodhouse
Artificial selection processes associated with harvesting may operate over relatively short time scales in short-lived semelparous species. The ommastrephid squid Illex argentinus on the Patagonian Shelf is the target of…1 July, 1994
Upper Cretaceous shallow-marine sediments from Vega Island, Antarctica, contain five major authigenic phases; glauconite, pyrite, a zeolite mineral of the clinoptilolite-heulandite group, chlorite, and calcite. The framework sediment composition changes…1 July, 1994 by Peter Kirsch
Spectral measurements of the solar UV irradiance at the earth's surface depend critically on the characteristics of the spectroradiometers and the procedures used in their calibration. Two UV spectroradiometers were…Read more on A laboratory investigation of two ultraviolet spectroradiometers
1 July, 1994
Twenty one species of seabirds plus fur seals were observed at sea near the Antarctic Peninsula, between 60 °–68 °S, in May and June 1986, a season for which few…1 July, 1994
Quartz veins and vein-breccias in a greywacke-shale sequence of ?Carboniferous-Triassic age were previously regarded as mesothermal silicified fault breccias, and related to an adjacent Eocene granodiorite pluton. New mapping of…1 June, 1994 by Paul Rodhouse
Morphometric data were collected for 410 specimens of Pareledone turqueti and P. polymorpha caught around South Georgia. The two species differ in beak morphology and in the male hectocotylus. The…Read more on Comparative morphology of two sympatric Pareledone species from South Georgia
1 June, 1994
The LeMay Group of Alexander Island, Antarctica, is a Mesozoic accretionary prism that contains slivers of ocean floor and ocean island material, accreted under a range of conditions and depths.…1 June, 1994 by Howard Roscoe
Total ozone was measured from Abisko, Sweden (68.4°N, 18.8°E) from January to early March 1992, by a new instrument which uses stars and the Moon as sources of UV-visible light…Read more on Total ozone measured during EASOE by a UV-visible spectrometer which observes stars
1 June, 1994 by Paul Rodhouse
Theory predicts that, in a closed exploited population showing no sampling or other bias, the mean age of fish or squid between one sampling date and the next should increase…Read more on Migration as a source of bias in the measurement of cephalopod growth
1 June, 1994
Samples of liver from 11 female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) from Bird Island, South Georgia were analysed for 16 trace elements (Mg, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo,…1 June, 1994 by John King
The accumulation of drifting snow around buildings in regions of severe climate has important implications on their design and location. This paper studies one such building, at a station run…Read more on A numlerical model of blowing snow around an Antarctic building
1 June, 1994 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
A compilation of reliable data for sodium, nitrate, chloride and sulphate has been made. NO3 concentrations arc remarkably consistent across Antarctica, though there appears to be some correlation with altitude…Read more on Spatial variability of the major chemistry of the Antarctic ice sheet
1 June, 1994
The growth kinetics of two psychrotolerant Antarctic bacteria, Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava CR3/2/10 (2/10) and Brevibacterium sp. strain CR3/1/15 (1/15), were examined over a range of temperatures in both batch culture and…1 June, 1994 by Peter Convey, William Block
We report the first detailed study of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of the Byers Peninsula SSSI, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. Fourteen micro-arthropod taxa (10 Acari, four Collembola) and two…1 June, 1994 by Paul Rodhouse
Martialia hyadesi were collected from fishing vessels at the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone (APFZ) and the Patagonian Shelf Edge (PASE) during the 1989 austral autumn and winter. Squid were measured,…1 June, 1994
Competition between two psychrotolerant bacteria was examined in glycerol-limited chemostat experiments subjected to non-steady-state conditions of temperature. One bacterium, a Brevibacterium sp. strain designated CR3/1/15, responded rapidly to temperature change,…1 June, 1994
Late Cenozoic, subglacially erupted volcanic sequences are scattered throughout the Antarctic Peninsula. Two of the best preserved examples, at Mount Pinafore (Alexander Island; c. 5.5–6 Ma) and Brown Bluff (Graham…1 June, 1994
Line-of-sight Doppler velocity V∗ and three-dimensional apparent echolocation (XL, YL, ZL), are among the principal parameters available for each ionospheric echo from most observing modes of the dynasonde. An ensemble…Read more on High-resolution vector velocity determinations from the dynasonde
1 May, 1994 by John King
Surface air temperature records from stations on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula show a higher degree of interannual variability and stronger long-term warming trends than recorded elsewhere in…Read more on Recent climate variability in the vicinity of the antarctic peninsula
1 May, 1994
The diet composition and feeding intensity of mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari around Shag Rocks and the mainland of South Georgia was analyzed from ca 8700 stomachs collected in January/February 1985,…1 May, 1994
The release of altimetric data from the Geosat Geodetic Mission by the US Navy [1] is leading to a much-improved understanding of tectonics in the Southern Ocean, a region in…Read more on Scotia Sea tectonics from high-resolution satellite gravity
1 May, 1994 by Eric Wolff
Lead concentrations from an Antarctic snow pit show the pattern of Pb reaching the Antarctic atmosphere over the last 70 years. Between 1920 and 1950, the Pb concentration shows significant…Read more on Antarctic snow record of southern hemisphere lead pollution
1 April, 1994 by John King
We present eddy-correlation measurements of heat and water vapour fluxes made during the Antarctic winter. The surface layer was stably stratified throughout the period of observation and sensible heat fluxes…Read more on Heat and water vapour fluxes and scalar roughness lengths over an Antarctic ice shelf
1 April, 1994
The assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics technique has been used to derive the large-scale high-latitude ionospheric convection patterns simultaneously in both northern and southern hemispheres during the period of January…Read more on Interhemispheric asymmetry of the high-latitude ionospheric convection pattern
1 April, 1994 by Eric Wolff
Electrical and chemical analysis of the GRIP ice core from Summit in central Greenland confirms that the ECM current is controlled solely by acids in the ice, though there could…1 April, 1994 by Michael Pinnock
Polar patches are regions within the polar cap where the F-region electron concentration and airglow emission at 630 nm are enhanced above a background level. Previous observations have demonstrated that…1 March, 1994
The near Earth space environment (known as Geospace) is dominated by the interaction between the solar wind and the geomagnetic field, which creates the magnetosphere. Considerable energy flows from the…Read more on The Southern Hemisphere Auroral Radar Experiment (SHARE)
1 March, 1994
Within the Jones Mountains, which form part of the Thurston Island crustal block, up to 700 m of Miocene (c. 10 Ma) pillow basalt and palagonitized volcaniclastic rocks unconformably overlie…1 March, 1994
A 215-m ice core has penetrated the central part of the Ronne Ice Shelf (76°59′S, 52°16′W). The core consisted of meteoric ice above 152.8-m depth; below this the ice was…1 March, 1994
Approximately 70 species out of a total of more than 520 Acari recorded from Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands may originate from other continents, especially Australasia, South America and Europe.…Read more on Non-indigenous Acari of Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands
1 March, 1994
The occurrence and distribution of the South Georgia fungal flora, particularly Ascomycotina and Basidiomycotina, is assessed in terms of habitat and substrate preference. The 113 taxa reported comprise 37 basidiomycetes,…Read more on Species diversity and resource relationships of South Georgian fungi
1 March, 1994
It is hard to divorce most human activities, including science, completely from politics. Politics is about perceived certainty whilst science is about doubt – they make strange bedfellows. Politicians detest…Read more on Providing expert scientific advice on the Antarctic environment [editorial]
1 March, 1994 by Mervyn Freeman
Both the injection of energetic particles at geostationary orbit and ground magnetic observations of Pi 2 wave activity are characteristic indicators of the onset of the substorm expansion phase. Occurrence…1 February, 1994
An oxygen stable isotope study of molluscan macrofossils from the Tithonian to the Eocene of the James Ross Island and Alexander Island areas, Antarctica, was carried out in conjunction with…1 February, 1994 by Philip Leat
The Mesozoic LeMay Group accretionary complex of Alexander Island, Antarctica, contains thrust-bound slices of accreted ocean floor, ocean islands and seamounts. They represent fragments of proto-Pacific oceanic crust, of which…1 February, 1994
The spatial extent and temporal behaviour of quasi-periodic (QP) intensity modulations of 0.5-2 kHz ELF-VLF signals were investigated in a comparative study of data collected at the Antarctic stations of…1 January, 1994
A method for extending the calibrated temperature rang of a solid-state capacitive humidity sensor is presented. This technique is applicable to relative humidity instruments that are based around solid-state sensors.Read more on A method for rescaling humidity sensors at temperatures well below freezing
1 January, 1994
Southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina display extreme sexual dimorphism. In addition females show great variation in size and stored resources at parturition. Therefore they present an excellent opportunity for examination…1 January, 1994
During seven days of operations involving the setting and hauling of longlines to catch the toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides around the South Sandwich Islands, actual and potential interactions with seabirds were…1 January, 1994
During the austral midsummers of 1989/1990 and 1990/1991, seven grazing experiments were undertaken near South Georgia. The copepods spanned 3 orders of magnitude in body mass, from young copepodids of…1 January, 1994 by Mark Clilverd
Data from the VLF Doppler experiment at Faraday, Antarctica (65○ S, 64○ W) are used to study the penetration of the high-latitude convection electric field to lower latitudes during severely…1 January, 1994
Results from a mathematical model provide a description of the mid-latitude, low L-shell ionosphere and plasmasphere. Variations in the composition and dynamics of the plasmasphere and changes in the nature…Read more on The effect of disturbed-time electric fields on the inner plasmasphere
1 January, 1994
Mie scattering models suggest that the thermal infrared emissivity of snow is relatively insensitive to variations in its properties and is dependent, primarily, on viewing angle. This gives rise to…Read more on The atmospheric correction for satellite infrared radiometer data in polar regions
1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes
Many areas of the Antarctic continental shelf support rich communities of benthic suspension feeders, of which Bryozoa are frequently an important component. These communities inhabit an environment characterised by a…1 January, 1994
A thick, largely shallow marine succession of Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary strata, deposited in the James Ross Basin, is well exposed on an archipelago of islands at the northern end…1 January, 1994
Two new mite species, Halacarellus porellus n.sp. and H. novellus n.sp., are described. Both species were collected from the littoral zone in a sheltered bay on the northeast coast of…Read more on Two new species ofHalacarellus(Halacaridae: Acari) from South Georgia
1 January, 1994
Heart rates (fh) and rates of oxygen consumption (V(dot)O2) were measured in eight black-browed albatrosses (Diomedea melanophrys) when walking on a treadmill, with the aim of using fh to predict…1 January, 1994 by Roger Worland, William Block
Ecophysiological characteristics, including survival at high and low temperatures, locomotory activity at sub-zero temperatures, supercooling ability and oxygen consumption rates, were investigated for the Arctic springtail Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg) (Collembola,…Read more on Thermal adaptation in the Arctic collembolan Onychiurus arcticus (Tullberg)
1 January, 1994 by William Block
Scientific reasons for the study of terrestrial ecosystems in the Antarctic are outlined together with brief descriptions of the maritime and continental zones. Opportunities for ecological research are highlighted in…1 January, 1994
1. Foraging behaviour of Antarctic fur seals rearing pups at Bird Island, South Georgia, was assessed using at-sea activity patterns measured by electronic time-depth recorders. Information was obtained for a…Read more on Foraging behaviour of Antarctic fur seals during periods of contrasting prey abundance
1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck
The marked seasonality of high latitude marine ecosystems means that the relationship between nutrition and metabolism is of particular interest, for many polar organisms must survive long periods without food.…1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke, Paul Rodhouse
The proximate (protein, lipid, carbohydrate and ash) and elemental (C, H, N and P) composition of the major tissues were measured for 18 male and 51 female Illex argentinus sampled…1 January, 1994 by Andrew Clarke
Excretion of ammonia, urea and primary amines (assayed as fluorescamine-positive substances, FPS) was measured in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna. The mean contributions to overall excretion rate were 89% ammonia,…Read more on Nitrogen excretion in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908)
1 January, 1994 by Paul Rodhouse
Stomach contents of Loligo forbesi obtained from commercial landings and research cruises in Irish waters and the Irish Sea were examined. A total of 62.3% of stomachs were empty. Fish…Read more on Diet of the squid Loligo forbesi Steenstrup (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in Irish waters
1 January, 1994
We examine some aspects of the performance of the United Kingdom Meteorological Office's new climate model over Antarctica. Pressure and temperature fields are presented as a basic check on the…Read more on The Antarctic climate of the UKMO Unified Model
1 January, 1994 by Peter Convey
Growth and mortality rates of three juvenile instars and adults of the oribatid mite Alaskozetes antarcticus were measured over a twelve month period using field enclosures m Its maritime Antarctic…Read more on Growth and survival strategy of the Antarctic mite Alaskozetes antarcticus