Showing 11862 items
1 January, 1995 by Anna Jones, Jonathan Shanklin
IN 1985, Farman et al.1 announced that a dramatic reduction in total ozone was occurring in the atmosphere over Halley, Antarctica, during the polar spring. Analysis of satellite data revealed…Read more on Continued decline of total ozone over Halley, Antarctica, since 1985
1 January, 1995
This paper considers the use of passive greenhouse apparatus in field experiments investigating the biological consequences of climate change. The literature contains many accounts of such experiments claiming relevance of…1 January, 1995 by Robert Larter
The first deep-tow boomer survey on the Antarctic continental margin has revealed relict subglacial deltas on the outer continental shelf off the Antarctic Peninsula. Progradation of subglacial deltas is thought…Read more on Relict subglacial deltas on the Antarctic Peninsula outer shelf
1 January, 1995
The abundance of both heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNAN) and bacterioplankton in a large (9km2) ultraoligotrophic Antarctic lake (Crooked Lake) were investigated from December 1992 until November 1993. HNAN abundance peaked in…1 January, 1995 by Philip Leat
The plutonic rocks of the Antarctic Peninsula magmatic arc form one of the major batholiths of the circum-Pacific rim. The Antarctic Peninsula batholith is a 1350 km long by <…1 January, 1995 by Michael Pinnock
The first ionospheric plasma convection maps ordered by the y- and z-components of the IMF using only data from the southern hemisphere are presented. These patterns are determined from line-of-sight…Read more on Ionospheric plasma convection in the southern hemisphere
1 January, 1995
Previous work has shown that interplanetary scintillation (IPS) observations produce a poor forecast for geomagnetic activity. An explanation of some of the problems encountered would be the existence of an…1 January, 1995
The structure of the cardiac foramen ovale from eight genera of pinnipeds was studied using the scanning electron microscope. Specimens were obtained from fetuses or neonates of the Californian sea…Read more on Comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in the Pinnipedia
1 January, 1995
Results are presented from a novel EISCAT special programme, SP-UK-BEAN, intended for the direct measurement of the ion temperature anisotropy during ion frictional heating events in the high-latitude F-region. The…Read more on The BEAN experiment – An EISCAT study of ion temperature anisotropies
1 January, 1995 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
Seventeen species of Tardigrada from lakes and catchments on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, are described. Two species, Echiniscus punctus and Isohypsibius laevis are new to science, and two, Oreella…1 January, 1995
New U-Pb dating of zircons separated from felsic volcanic rocks of the Patuxent and Gambacorta formations from the Pensacola Mountains in the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica, yields earliest Ordovician ages of…1 January, 1995
“Orchestia” scutigerula Dana (Amphipoda: Talitridae) was found beneath supralittoral stones at Kanin Point, S. Georgia. Microhabitat temperatures recorded over 6 summer weeks varied widely (hourly, diurnally, weekly), especially under stones…1 January, 1995 by Mervyn Freeman, Michael Pinnock
We present an analysis of ground magnetic field, ionospheric flow, geosynchronous particle, and interplanetary data during a multiple-onset substorm on 12 April 1988. Our principal results concern the modulations of…Read more on Radar observations of auroral zone flows during a multiple-onset substorm
1 January, 1995 by Mervyn Freeman
Recent work suggests that the quasi-periodic (QP) modulation ~10–50 s of naturally occurring ELF-VLF radio emissions (~0.5–5 kHz) is produced by the compressional action of Pc3 magnetic pulsations on the…Read more on The role of upstream ULF waves in the generation of quasi-periodic ELF-VLF emissions
1 January, 1995 by Eugene Murphy
1. The food chain of the Southern Ocean has often been characterized as simple and homogeneous. However, the population processes of a key prey organism, krill Euphausia superba, operate over…1 January, 1995 by Andrew Clarke, Eugene Murphy
Detection of climate-induced change in marine ecosystems requires a knowledge of the underlying variability of the environment. This paper uses a range of datasets to investigate the interannual variability in…1 January, 1995 by Jonathan Watkins
An acoustic survey at 38 kHz was carried out from R.R.S. Discovery in the Bellingshausen Sea from 23 November to 7 December 1992 as part of the U.K. Joint Global…Read more on A biological acoustic survey in the marginal ice-edge zone of the Bellingshausen Sea
1 January, 1995
Rates of exchanges of nitrate and ammonium across the sediment-water interface were measured in an inshore marine environment at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, Antarctica, over 6 months from August…1 January, 1995 by Robert Mulvaney
Detailed records of methanesulphonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt sulphate (nss SO42−) have been obtained from ice cores drilled on Dolleman Island on the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula (70°35.2′S,…Read more on A 340 year record of biogenic sulphur from the Weddell Sea area, Antarctic
1 January, 1995 by Lloyd Peck
Spherical or sub-spherical bryozoan colonies were collected from the surface waters of a coastal polynya in the southeastern Weddell Sea near Halley Station in February 1992. These are the first…1 January, 1995 by Michael Pinnock
A case study is presented of a ridge of enhanced F region plasma in the afternoon sector near the equatorward edge of the auroral oval. The study for September 26,…Read more on High-latitudeFregion electron concentration measurements near noon: A case study
1 January, 1995 by Michael Pinnock
The Halley PACE HF radar has been operated in a new mode to provide very high time (10 s) and space (15 km) resolution measurements of the iono-spheric signatures of…Read more on High spatial and temporal resolution observations of the ionospheric cusp
1 January, 1995 by Alistair Crame
Late Jurassic anaerobic-dysaerobic mudstones crop out on both the Weddell Sea (back-arc) and Pacific (fore-are) margins of the northern Antarctic Peninsula. The only known occurrence on the Pacific margin of…1 January, 1995 by Jonathan Watkins
Samples of Antarctic knll Euphausia superba Dana from 8 sites around South Georgia were analysed for total lipid and lipid class composition. Samples consisted predominantly of immature krill, and females…1 January, 1995 by Jonathan Watkins
Immature Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) (length 44–48 mm), which had been maintained in an aquarium, were fed dense suspensions of algal culture, either the haptophyte Isochrysis or the diatom…1 January, 1995 by Eugene Murphy, Raymond Leakey
Three sites along a shelf to deep-sea transect near the island of South Georgia (55 degrees S) were sampled in the latter part of the austral summer for water column…Read more on Nutrient cycling by Antarctic marine microbial plankton
1 January, 1995
A front at 67°S in the Bellingshausen Sea at 85°W is shown to be part of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the southernmost zone of concentrated eastward transport at…Read more on On the southerly extent of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the southeast Pacific
1 January, 1995
The diet of mainly adult and sub-adult male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) was investigated during the austral winters of 1992 and 1993 using faecal (scat) analysis. Of samples containing…1 January, 1995
Scientific Diving techniques were employed during a 54 day oceanographic research cruise to the Bellingshausen Sea, Southern Ocean (65°S–72°S, 80°W–87°W), in order to position sampling and data collecting instrumentation beneath…Read more on Scientific diving under sea ice in the Southern Ocean
1 January, 1995
Simultaneous optical all-sky imager and photometer data from South Pole station and the PACE HF radar at Halley, Antarctica from two case studies are used to show that their respective…Read more on Simultaneous optical and HF radar observations of the ionospheric cusp
1 January, 1995 by Paul Rodhouse
Recent data from research cruises and explorator fishing in the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone (APFZ) of the Scotia Sea, together with data from dietary studies of Antarctic vertebrate predators, have…1 January, 1995 by Paul Rodhouse
The pelagic nekton community was sampled with the RMT 25 opening/closing net and a neuston net at two stations in the Scotia Sea south of the Antarctic Polar Front in…1 January, 1995
Changes in sleep parameters during and after night-shift and the effects of bright white (2500–3000 1x) and dim red (>500 1x) light treatment on re adaptation after night-shift during winter…Read more on Night-shift work in antarctica: Sleep characteristics and bright light treatment
1 January, 1995 by Howard Roscoe
Calculations of air-mass factors (AMFs) for ground-based zenith-sky UV-visible spectrometers are now well developed in laboratories where stratospheric constituents are measured with this technique. An intercomparison between results from the…1 January, 1995 by Howard Roscoe
Calculations of air-mass factors (AMFs) for ground-based zenith-sky UV-visible spectrometers are presented and discussed. Causes and size of errors in AMFs of ozone in the visible are evaluated. Errors can…1 January, 1995
Bryozoans are an important component of the sessile, suspension-feeding fauna on the Antarctic continental shelf, (Knox & Cameron, 1970; Dell, 1972; Winston, 1983; Winston & Heimberg, 1988). Antarctic bryozoan faunas…Read more on A cyphonautes larva (Bryozoa: Gymnolaemata) from the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica
1 January, 1995 by Lloyd Peck
During November and December 1992, plankton samples were collected using a ring net of mesh size 200 μm vertically hauled through a 600 m water column, at five stations along…1 January, 1995
K-Ar whole-rock dating of five samples of quartz-mica schist from the Nordenskjöld Coast, eastern Graham Land, provides the first unequivocal evidence of pre-Triassic (> 249 ± 7 Ma) deposition of…1 January, 1995
Primitive lava and hyaloclastite with unusual, highly refractory compositions, form part of the Early Ordovician Balcreuchan Group within the ophiolitic Ballantrae Complex, southwestern Scotland. They are identified as likely high-Ca…1 January, 1995
VELOX (VLF/ELF Logger Experiment), a new facility for systematically studying the characteristics of magnetospherically generated ELF/VLF radio noise received at a high-latitude ground station (Halley, Antarctica, 76°S, 26°W, L =…Read more on VELOX: a new VLF/ELF receiver in Antarctica for the Global Geospace Science mission
1 January, 1995
Three long-term studies of lichen growth and colonization have been undertaken at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, in the maritime Antarctic. Small individual thalli of several crustose species and uncolonized…1 January, 1995
A total of 12 species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) are reported from Beauchêne Island, including two new species. Furcobates lewissmithi n. sp. and Oribatella blocki n. sp. are described…Read more on Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of Beauchêne Island, Falklands, South Atlantic
1 January, 1995 by William Block
Twenty-one species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida), including three new species, are reported from samples collected on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. Fossonothrus wallworki n.sp., Lanceoppia elegantula n.sp. and…Read more on Oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of South Georgia, South Atlantic
1 January, 1995 by William Block
1 Theory suggests that any given rise in temperature resulting from climate change will have its greatest effect on high Arctic ecosystems where growing seasons are short and temperatures low.…Read more on Climatic severity and the response to temperature elevation of Arctic aphids
1 January, 1995 by Geraint Tarling, Peter Ward
A zooplankton net sampling survey was conducted in the southwest Atlantic between 34* and 55* S during austral spring 1990. The survey grid covered shelf, slope and oceanic regions and…Read more on Distribution patterns of macrozooplankton assemblages in the southwest Atlantic
1 January, 1995 by Howard Roscoe, John Turner
Satellite radiometer measurements of global sea surface temperature (SST) with an accuracy of 0.3 K are required for climate change monitoring. In order to validate that this accuracy can be…1 January, 1995 by John Turner
During the period from October 1991 to May 1992 the royal research ship Bransfield made its annual voyage from the United Kingdom to Antarctica and back. Whenever the measurement swath…1 January, 1995 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Abstract Two areas of the Weddell Sea, one in the south and one in the west, were chosen for a preliminary investigation of sea-ice motion tracking from ERSt Synthetic Aperture…1 January, 1995 by John Turner, Steve Colwell, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
The synoptic origins of precipitation on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula over the one year period March 1992 to February 1993 are investigated using meteorological observations, satellite imagery…Read more on The synoptic origins of precipitation over the Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1995
Experimental data suggest that some igneous mafic inclusions are formed at the interface between underlying mafic magma and more silicic magma in a reservoir by a process of gas exsolution…1 January, 1995
Evidence of short-lived episodes of mid-Cretaceous deformation, metamorphism, uplift, and hiatus in sedimentation is widespread in the Lower Cretaceous rocks that bordered the Cretaceous Pacific basin. I present a model…Read more on Circum-Pacific mid-Cretaceous deformation and uplift: A superplume-related event?
1 January, 1995 by David Vaughan
The seabed morphology beneath the ice shelf is dominated by a slope down towards the interior of the continent. Deep troughs, possibly glacially deepened, run beneath the eastern and weatern…1 January, 1995 by David Vaughan
Hinge zones accommodate the differential tidal movement between floating ice shelves, which move with the sea tide, and grounded ice sheets, which do not. Observations on Rutford Ice Stream and…1 January, 1995 by David Barnes
The nudibranch Charcotia granulosa, described originally by Vayssière (1906) from one specimen, was recollected for the first time at Signy Island, Antarctica. These three specimens allow a redescription of the…1 January, 1995 by David Barnes
Several species of nudibranch molluscs are abundant amongst the rich benthic hard substratum communities found close to the British Antarctic Survey base at Signy Island, in the Atlantic sector of…1 January, 1995 by Richard Horne
The propagation characteristics and path-integrated gain of Jovian lightning-generated whistlers are explored using the HOTRAY code. All waves are launched into the magnetosphere from just above the density peak in…Read more on The propagation characteristics and Landau damping of Jovian whistlers in the Io torus
1 January, 1995
Müller Ice Shelf (67°15′S, 66°52′W) is situated at the southern end of Lallemand Fjord. It is a small ice shelf (∼80 km2) fed by Brückner and Antevs glaciers, which both…Read more on Mapping ice front changes of Müller Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1995 by Peter Ward
Zooplankton abundance and biomass were determined during January 1990 at two stations to the north-west of South Georgia using a Longhurst Hardy Plankton Recorder (LHPR). At both shelf and oceanic…1 January, 1995 by Peter Ward
Egg production in three species of calanoid copepods Rhincalanus gigas, Calanoides acutus and Calanus simillimus was investigated via incubations of females and recovery of eggs from net hauls made around…Read more on Egg production in three species of Antarctic Calanoid Copepods during an austral summer
1 January, 1995 by John Turner
An account is given of one Austral summer's experience of forecasting for flying activities and marine operations around the Antarctic Peninsula. Data available included surface and upper-air observations, analyses and…1 January, 1995
The distribution of zooplankton as indicated by acoustic backscatter was compared with that of the phytoplankton biomass, with the degree of the shading caused by the presence of the bloom,…1 January, 1995 by Philip Leat
A suite of Early Jurassic metaluminous to strongly peraluminous granitoids occupy a rear-arc position in Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula with respect to a Mesozoic–Cenozoic magmatic arc. Fractional crystallization of a…1 January, 1995
Data on nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, silicate), biogenic-silica and chlorophyll a concentrations were collected along a south-to-north transect through the marginal ice zone of the Bellingshausen Sea during the…1 January, 1995
The Antarctic Peninsula magmatic arc was the site of Andean-type subduction from at least Silurian times to the late Cenozoic. Hydrothermal galenas from eight localities in accretionary complex, arc volcanic…Read more on Galena lead isotopic variations in a Mesozoic-Cenozoic Andean arc, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1995
The occurrence of PMSEs with time of day shows a semi-diurnal variation with minima at 8 and 20 h LT. PMSE layers observed for more than 30 min show an…Read more on The association of polar mesosphere summer echo layers with tidal modes
1 January, 1995 by Eric Wolff
Continuous electrical records covering a climatic cycle are presented for the Greenland Ice Core Project deep ice core from Greenland. Electrical conductivity measurement (ECM) measures the acid content of the…1 January, 1995 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
ON page 412 of this issue1, Sugden and colleagues announce that glacier ice in the Dry valleys of East Antarctica seems to have survived for over 8 million years under…1 December, 1994
Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages of the Byers Group have been correlated with palynostratigraphical zones established for the Mesozoic of Australia. The President Beaches Formation is believed to be latest Early Berriasian-Berriasian…1 December, 1994
Values of attenuation coefficient, Kd(λ), for five visible wavelengths are reported for 14 sites around South Georgia and the Bransfield Strait, in the Southern Ocean. The mean chlorophyll-plus-phaeopigment concentrations in…1 December, 1994 by Robert Larter
The main provinces of the South Shetland margin, Antarctic Peninsula characterized on the basis of multichannel seismic, long-range side scan sonar and swath bathymetry data, include from northwest to southeast…Read more on Forearc tectonic evolution of the South Shetland Margin, Antarctic Peninsula
1 December, 1994 by David Vaughan
Snow temperatures measured at around 10 m depth over the period 1957–1992 have been used to derive a map of mean annual snow surface temperature corrected to sea level over…1 December, 1994
Late Cretaceous sedimentary rocks assigned to the Santa Marta (Herbert Sound Member) and López de Bertodano (Cape Lamb and Sandwich Bluff members) formations of the Marambio Group, crop out on…Read more on Petrography and provenance of the Marambio Group, Vega Island, Antarctica
1 December, 1994
Marine shallow-water to emergent volcanoes have been described in detail, but comparable englacial centres are not well documented. Brown Bluff is a Pleistocene, shallow water, alkali basaltic volcano whose deposits…Read more on Evolution of an englacial volcano: Brown Bluff, Antarctica
1 December, 1994
Turning international agreement into national law has never been rapid or simple. Each country has its own parliamentary procedures, its own legal system and its own cultural interpretation of what…Read more on Interpreting the Environmental Protocol — a recipe for international confusion?
1 November, 1994
The functional morphology of the buccal mass of 23 species of cephalopod (Octopoda, 4 species; Teuthoidea, 17; Sepioidea, 2) was investigated by gross dissection, histology and observations on fresh preparations.…Read more on Morphology and function of the mandibular muscles in some coleoid cephalopods
1 November, 1994
Visible spectra of the zenith-sky were recorded at Faraday in Antartica during 1990. Line-of-sight NO2 amounts were deduced by fitting laboratory cross-sections to the spectra. A new procedure was used…Read more on Improvements to the accuracy of measurements of NO2 by zenith-sky visible spectrometers
1 November, 1994
Mount Sidley is a complex, polygenetic stratovolcano composed primarily of phonolitic and trachytic lavas and subordinate pyroclastic lithologies at the southern extremity of the Executive Committee Range, a linear chain…1 November, 1994 by Howard Roscoe
Visible spectra of the zenith-sky were recorded at Faraday in Antartica (65°S) during 1990. Line-of-sight ozone amounts were deduced by fitting laboratory cross-sections to the spectra. At the lattitude of…1 October, 1994
1. The reproductive performance of female Antarctic fur seals was examined in relation to age, reproductive experience and environmental variation over 10 consecutive years (1983-92) at Bird Island, South Georgia.…1 October, 1994
Reindeer were introduced 70 years ago to the Stromness Bay area on the subantarctic island of South Georgia, and the herd is still surviving. Two glaciers confine the herd, and…Read more on Continued range expansion of introduced reindeer on South Georgia
1 October, 1994 by John Turner
Results are presented from the first investigation into a summer-season of mesoscale vortex activity in a large sector of the Antarctic coastal region. The study is based on an analysis…1 September, 1994
Spread-F is caused by the presence of ionospheric electron concentration irregularities of scale-size of order 5 km at F-region altitudes. Estimates of spread-F in the vicinity of the maximum plasma…1 September, 1994
Approximately 60 species of benthonic foraminifera are recorded from 14 samples collected by the RRS Discovery from water depths of 200–4200 m on the Antarctic Peninsula Shelf and Slope and…Read more on Recent benthonic foraminifera from the Western Antarctic Ocean
1 September, 1994 by Philip Leat
From at least the Early Jurassic to the Miocene, eastward subduction of oceanic crust took place beneath the Antarctic Peninsula. Magmatism associated with the subduction generated a N-S linear belt…Read more on Central volcanoes as sources for the Antarctic Peninsula Volcanic Group
1 September, 1994
Interannual variation in aspects of the breeding biology of Antarctic prions was studied for three summers (1989–1992) at Bird island, South Georgia. Egg size, mass and incubation period remained constant.…