Showing 11923 items
1 January, 1996
The stabilized platforms used in marine and airborne gravimeters behave like damped long‐period pendulums. When subjected to horizontal accelerations they tilt, resulting in gravimeter reading errors. The amount of tilt…Read more on Horizontal acceleration corrections in airborne gravimetry
1 January, 1996 by David Vaughan
IN 1978 Mercer1 discussed the probable effects of climate warming on the Antarctic Ice Sheet, predicting that one sign of a warming trend in this region would be the retreat…Read more on Recent atmospheric warming and retreat of ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1996
Epithermal veins in early Triassic turbidites on Hurd Peninsula are isotopically homogeneous over an area of 13 km × 2 km (mean δ34S = +2.2‰, 1σ= 1.7, n = 65)…1 January, 1996 by David Barnes
Observations were made on the diet and distribution of eight species of nudibranchs found in Borge Bay, Signy Island, Antarctica. Specimens from seven sites were examined in situ on four…1 January, 1996 by William Block
Water is an essential part of all living organisms and terrestrial arthropods are no exception. They have to balance water loss and water gain to and from their bodies, often…Read more on Cold or drought – the lesser of two evils for terrestrial arthropods?
1 January, 1996
Many endothermic divers regularly exceed the theoretical limit to the duration of aerobic dives, suggesting that assumptions about either the oxygen storage capacity of tissues or the metabolic rate of…1 January, 1996 by Andrew Clarke, Rachel Clarke
Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) are important prey for many small falcons, and the recent expansion of the breeding range of the Hobby into eastern England has been associated with an…Read more on The energy content of dragonflies (Odonata) in relation to predation by falcons
1 January, 1996 by Peter Convey
Antarctic terrestrial communities are characterised by their geographical isolation and the survival of extreme environmental stresses. Of particular significance to life history strategies of organisms in continental and maritime. Antarctic…1 January, 1996 by Peter Convey, William Block
In contrast to northern polar areas, the dipteran fauna of Antarctica is depauperate, with only two naturally occurring species of Chironomidae. Surprisingly little is known of the biology of these…Read more on Antarctic diptera: ecology, physiology and distribution
1 January, 1996
The problem of correcting satellite altimeter measurements for errors introduced by topographic surfaces was chosen to test the capabilities of a prototype integrated geographical information system. A system to calculate…1 January, 1996 by Alistair Crame
Although it will probably never be as complete as that known from any of the other continents, the Antarctic fossil record comprises a surprising amount of information. Originally gathered primarily…Read more on Antarctica and the evolution of taxonomic diversity gradients in the marine realm
1 January, 1996
We examine the extent of overlap between South Georgia wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) and local longline fishing for Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides), using satellite-tracking data and precise haul locations, respectively.…1 January, 1996
The light climate within wet and dry samples of ten mosses from the maritime Antarctic was determined using a computer-controlled optical microprobe system. Irradiances decreased with increasing depth within the…1 January, 1996
Carbon fixation under controlled conditions was measured in three mosses from the maritime Antarctic using an infra-red gas analysis system. Gas exchange parameters were determined during each season in 1993…1 January, 1996 by Jonathan Shanklin
In this paper we briefly describe the processes which lead to the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole, the attributes of the 1994 hole in comparison with previous years and…1 January, 1996
The concept of precautionary measures for krill is discussed. A precautionary catch limit, based on the potential yield model developed by the CCAMLR Scientific Committee's Working Group on Krill (WG-Krill)…Read more on Some thoughts on precautionary measures for the krill fishery
1 January, 1996 by Eugene Murphy
Interannual variability in the Southern Ocean ecosystem has long been noted and physical factors appear to dominate the dynamics. There are, however, few ecological time series available to assess this…Read more on Environment-krill relations in the South Georgia marine ecosystem
1 January, 1996
The nomenclature of the taxon first recorded as Fragilaria (virescens) v. exigua by Grunow in Cleve & Moeller (1878) is examined with regard to the current botanical name, F. exiguiformis…1 January, 1996
The fluorite mineralization from the La Nueva Mine, has a Sm-Nd age of 130 ± 19 Ma, and thus must be related to the Lower Cretaceous late-Gondwanic extensional and magmatic…1 January, 1996 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
The observed ratio of removal of material by (i) scratches gouged by large clasts and (ii) polishing by debris suggests that the latter is the dominant form of bedrock erosion.…1 January, 1996 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
An analysis of the linear stability of marine ice sheets uncoupled from associated ice shelves is presented. The principal feature is a zero eigenvalue associated with infinitesimal shifts along the…Read more on Stability of ice rises and uncoupled marine ice sheets
1 January, 1996 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Perturbation of divide position is considered by a linearization about the Vialov-Nye solution and also about related solutions with 0(1) relief. Relaxation times of one-sixteenth the fundamental thickness/accumulation-rate time-scale are…1 January, 1996 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Various spatial discretizations for the ice sheet are compared for accuracy against analytical solutions in one and two dimensions. The computational efficiency of various iterated and non-iterated marching schemes is…Read more on Time-step limits for stable solutions of the ice-sheet equation
1 January, 1996 by Roger Worland, William Block
We tested the hypothesis that habitat temperature is the driving variable determining both the short-term and seasonal patterns of abundance (biomass) of Eying adult non-biting midges (Chironomidae) in the high…Read more on Temperature and the biomass of flying midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the high Arctic
1 January, 1996
The Antarctic Peninsula is a Mesozoic–Cenozoic magmatic arc built on Palaeozoic and younger basement. It was formed by processes related to the subduction of Pacific ocean floor at its western…Read more on Arc evolution: a magnetic perspective from the Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1996
Diatoms are abundant and diverse in many Antarctic freshwaters, with a general trend of decreasing diversity moving southwards. They form an important component of many benthic algal communities in streams…Read more on The diversity, distribution and ecology of diatoms from Antarctic inland waters
1 January, 1996
The extant Acari occurring on the inland mountain ranges and nunataks of Continental Antarctica comprise only pre-Pleistocene endemic Prostigmata and Cryptostigmata of which the Prostigmata are the probable earlier colonists.…1 January, 1996
Data from the acoustic surveys of MV SA “Agulhas” and FRV “Walther Herwig”, and the 1981 RRS “John Biscoe” South Georgia acoustic survey were analysed by geostatistical methods. Estimates of…1 January, 1996
Stegonia latifolia (Schwaegr. in Schult.) Vent. ex Broth. is recorded from the Antarctic on the basis of the specimens collected from Signy Island, South Orkney Island and King George Island,…Read more on Antipodal mosses: VI. Stegonia latifolia (Musci, Pottiaceae) in the Antarctic
1 January, 1996
A U-Pb zircon age 0f 285.7+/-1.5 Ma is presented for granodiorite from the Chanchoquin pluton of the Guanta Unit, Elqui Superunit of the Elqui-Limari Batholith. This is the first U-Pb…1 January, 1996 by Lloyd Peck
Nacella concinna (Strebel, 1908) held in seawater enriched with Sr, partially replaced Ca in their shells with Sr The bands laid down were clearly visible In back-scattered, scanning electron microscope…1 January, 1996
The sensillar field on tarsus I of Halarachne (Halarachnidae: Gamasida), a respiratory tract endoparasite of seals (Pinnipedia) is associated with 12 hair- or peg-like receptor sensilla in the larva and…1 January, 1996 by Robert Mulvaney
Geodetic surveying and ground-based radar profiling were used to determine geometry and surface motion of the ice sheet on the Dyer Plateau, Antarctica, in the vicinity of an ice-core site…Read more on Geometry, motion and mass balance of Dyer Plateau, Antarctica
1 January, 1996
Analysis of the diurnal and seasonal variation of polar patches, as identified in two years of HF-radar data from Halley, Antarctica during a period near sunspot maximum, shows that there…Read more on Diurnal and seasonal occurrence of polar patches
1 January, 1996 by Howard Roscoe
UV–visible measurements of stratospheric constituents require the ratio of a pair of spectra to be determined. If their wavelength calibrations differ and if an array detector is used, at least…1 January, 1996
Incoherent-scatter radar and ionospheric sounding are powerful and complementary techniques in the study of the Earth's ionosphere. The work presented here involves the use of the Tromsø Dynasonde as a…Read more on A comparison of EISCAT and Dynasonde measurements of the auroral ionosphere
1 January, 1996
Volcanic sequences in central Livingston Island can be divided into two broad groups. The older group consists of basalt-dacite lavas, clastic rocks and associated hypabyssal intrusions. The lavas are lithologically…1 January, 1996
Arguably the most significant source of particle precipitation into the ionosphere at mid-latitudes (L ∼2–3), at least for electrons in the tens to hundreds of keV energy range, is that…Read more on Aspects of wave-particle interactions at mid-latitudes
1 January, 1996
The development of and compliance with the code of conduct embodied in the Antarctic Treaty to prevent or minimize the introduction of plants into the Antarctic is outlined. A chronological…Read more on Introduced plants in Antarctica: Potential impacts and conservation issues
1 January, 1996
A depth-averaged finite-difference numerical model has been used to make a preliminary study of the tides under the Filchner‐Ronne Ice Shelf. Open boundary conditions were specified using the global ocean…Read more on Ocean tides under the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
1 January, 1996 by William Block
A total of 21 species of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) are recorded from heat-extracted samples of soil and plant material collected in the Falkland Is., South Atlantic. Previous records of…1 January, 1996
The main geological characteristics of five crustal blocks within West Antarctica are summarized in this review. At least some of these blocks existed as Mesozoic microplates and their original, palaeoposition…1 January, 1996
Combined sedimentological, structural, and geochemical studies of a lower Paleozoic succession within the Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica, suggest that it probably formed in a foreland basin setting during the Ross-Delamerian orogen,…1 January, 1996
This review of the tectonic evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula during Mesozoic times highlights four main events; (1) Late Triassic-Late Jurassic extension, (2) Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous dextral transpression, (3) Early…1 January, 1996
Early Cretaceous plutonic rocks at Creswick Peaks in NW Palmer Land, Antarctic Peninsula show evidence of synmagmatic crustal extension and deformation during emplacement and cooling at 141 ±2 Ma. Deformation…1 January, 1996 by Peter Ward
The lipid and hydrocarbon composition of two species of Antarctic copepod, Rhincalanus gigas and Calanus simillimus, was investigated at two contrasting sites. Differences in the quantity of total lipid between…1 January, 1996 by Jonathan Watkins
Echo integration of biological organisms with a low target strength can be difficult because of the problem of setting suitable pre-integration thresholds, and this is particularly acute with higher frequencies,…Read more on A post-processing technique to remove background noise from echo integration data
1 January, 1996
The effect of season on “biofilming”;, as a cue for the settlement of marine invertebrate larvae, was investigated in a long‐term field study during the years 1992–1994. The series of…1 January, 1996
The Moores Peak Formation occurs on eastern Hurd Peninsula, Livingston Island, part of the South Shetland Island volcanic arc, which was active during Mesozoic and Cenozoic times. The rocks were…1 January, 1996 by Roger Worland
The arctic collembolan Onychiurus arcticus is freezing intolerant and experiences temperatures below -25°C during winter periods of low air temperatures and only light snow cover. Summer-collected individuals have a mean…1 January, 1996 by Michael Pinnock
On 17 March 1991, five clear substorm onsets/intensifications took place within a three hour interval. During this interval ground-based data from the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar, a digital CCD all…Read more on The high latitude convection response to an interval of substorm activity
1 December, 1995
Scanning electron microscope and image analysis techniques were used to construct a profile of otolith growth from June 1987–June 1988 in immature Notothenia coriiceps. Growth was found to fluctuate seasonally…1 December, 1995
Continental freshwater lakes of Antarctica are characterized by species-poor biota (Heywood 1977). The plankton is dominated by algae, bacteria and protozoa (Koob & Leister 1972, Parker et al. 1982, Laybourn-Parry…1 December, 1995 by Adrian Fox
Extensive aerial photography cover is available for parts of the British Antarctic Territory, but the fisoffinfillijl characteristics of the photography, combined with the sparsity of ground control information and rugged…Read more on Using multiple data sources to enhance photogrammetry for mapping antarctic terrain
1 December, 1995 by Mervyn Freeman
The recurrence of substorms in the terrestrial magnetosphere depends on many factors. Chief among these are (1) the mechanism(s) by which the magnetosphere stores and rids itself of excess magnetic…1 December, 1995
1. Canonical correspondence analysis of a diatom and water chemistry dataset from fifty-nine maritime Antarctic lakes situated on Signy and Livingston Islands showed that nutrients and functions of nutrients (NH4+,…1 November, 1995
A study conducted at South Georgia in 1988/1989 indicated that several thousand Antarctic fur seals were entangled mainly in man-made material originating from fishing vessels. Consequently, the authority responsible for…1 November, 1995
The inter- and intra-annual variation in milk composition in Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) was investigated over three consecutive lactation periods (1990-1992) at Bird Island, South Georgia, which included one…1 November, 1995 by Eric Wolff
Polar ice caps preserve information about atmospheric composition over the past tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years. They contain a rich history of the Earth's volcanic activity,…Read more on Interpreting natural climate signals in ice cores
1 November, 1995 by Roger Worland, William Block
This paper compares winter soil temperatures at five high arctic sites (Ny Alesund, West Spitsbergen) and one subarctic site (Slattatjakka, Abisko) during 1992/93 and 1993/94. At the high arctic sites…Read more on Thermal Environments of Arctic Soil Organisms during Winter
1 November, 1995
Plasma flow vectors have been derived from data recorded by the Advanced Ionospheric Sounder (operating as a Dynasonde) at Halley, Antarctica (76°, 27°W). Single bulk flow vectors derived from the…Read more on First Dynasonde observations of F-region plasma flow at Halley, Antarctica
1 October, 1995 by William Block
The water status of the collembolan Cryptopygtus antarcticus (Willem) was investigated from April 1984 to December 1987 at Signy Island, maritime Antarctic, by monthly field sampling to determine body water…Read more on Collembolan water relations and environmental change in the maritime Antarctic
1 September, 1995
Volcanic-hosted advanced argillic alteration on Barton Peninsula comprises an assemblage of chalcedonic silica, alunite family minerals, pyrophyllite, pyrite, native sulphur, zunyite and rutile, characteristic of an acid sulphate-type epithermal system.…1 September, 1995
The timing of milk production in Antarctic fur seals was studied at Bird Island, South Georgia. Like all lactating otariid seals (Pinnipedia: Otariidae), Antarctic fur seal females alternate between short…Read more on Temporal patterns of milk production in Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella)
1 September, 1995 by Roger Worland, William Block
Throughout the summers of 1992–1994 the low temperature performance of soil microarthropods at Ny Ålesund, Spitsbergen (78 °56′N 10 °53′E), was investigated. Species studied were the Collembola Hypogastrura tullbergi (Schäffer),…1 September, 1995 by Paul Rodhouse
The diet of the white-chinned petrel at Bird Island, South Georgia was studied during chickrearing in 1986 by quantitative analysis (by weight, frequency of occurrence and number of individuals) of…1 September, 1995 by Mervyn Freeman
The response of the magnetopause surface to time-varying solar wind dynamic pressure is examined. We argue that to a first approximation the magnetopause surface may be considered as analogous to…Read more on A linear perturbation analysis of magnetopause motion in the Newton-Busemann limit
1 September, 1995 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff, Howard Roscoe, Jonathan Shanklin
A SAOZ (System d'Analyse et d'Observations Zenithales) u.v.-visible spectrometer was installed at Faraday, Antarctica, in 1990, with a view to gaining year-round measurements of column ozone. Observations have been validated…Read more on Year-round column ozone observations at 65°S: Validation and polar winter data
1 September, 1995
After thirty years of plate-tectonic theory, the reasons why supercontinents disintegrate and disperse to form smaller continental plates remain enigmatic. Possible causes range from abnormally hot mantle upwellings, or plumes,…Read more on The role of mantle plumes in continental breakup: case histories from Gondwanaland
1 August, 1995
Copepod grazing experiments were undertaken along a transect of five stations in the Bellingshausen Sea during austral spring. The stations spanned unproductive, nanoflagellate-dominated waters under pack ice to an open…1 August, 1995 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes
The epibiotic communities on locally abundant macroinvertebrates, in particular the brachiopod Liothyrella uva and the limpet Nacella concinna, were examined from depths between 0 and 50 m at Signy Island,…Read more on Epibiotic communities on sublittoral macroinvertebrates at Signy Island, Antarctica
1 August, 1995 by Paul Rodhouse
Samples of the squid Loligo forbesi Steenstrup 1856 were obtained from commercial catches and research cruises in the Irish and Celtic Seas from August 1991 until October 1993. Age and…Read more on Age and growth of the squid Loligo forbesi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) in Irish waters
1 August, 1995 by Martin Collins, Paul Rodhouse
The reproductive strategies of male and female Loligo forbesi Steenstrup, 1856 were investigated from samples obtained from commercial catches and research cruises in Irish waters. In females maturity increased with…Read more on Reproductive strategies of male and female Loligo forbesi (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae)
1 August, 1995 by Alistair Crame
Palaeontologists •Series: PalaeoMath 101 •Series: R for Palaeontologists •Field Guides to Fossils •Palaeobiology: a Synthesis Article: Occurrence of the bivalve genus Manticula in the Early Cretaceous of Antarctica Publication: Palaeontology…Read more on Occurrence of the bivalve genus Manticula in the Early Cretaceous of Antarctica
1 August, 1995
Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectra of the cell walls of three species of fungi are reported for the first time, namely (i) Agaricus bisporus, a fruiting bud, (ii) Mortierella genus…Read more on Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of fungi
1 August, 1995
Samples of Trechisibus antarcticus (Coleoptera, Carabidae), collected on South Georgia and the Falkland Islands, were analysed at 8 polymorphic allozyme loci, related to the supposition of a recent arrival of…1 August, 1995
This communication presents the first records of mated female Loligo gahi in Falkland Island waters. In October 1993 fully mature mated female L. gahi were identified in samples taken from…