Found 14065 items
1 January, 2001 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
The meiofaunal tardigrades Milnesium cfr. tardigradum, Echiniscus sp., and Macrobiotus sp. were extracted from high altitude moss and volcanic scoria samples on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Gut contents of mounted Milnesium…1 January, 2001
SuperDARN observations from the interval 1330 UT to 1500 UT, 17 April 1996, are presented. During this interval, five radars covered 12 hours of magnetic local time on the dayside,…Read more on The excitation of convection in the cusp region as observed by the SuperDARN radars
1 January, 2001
Magmatic rocks from the Antarctic Peninsula show marked variations in isotope composition, which reflect changes in the geodynamic evolution of the peninsula through time. Most Antarctic Peninsula granitoids formed as…1 January, 2001
Small numbers of Black-browed Albatross, Thalassarche melanophrys, breed on Campbell Island, New Zealand. Their dark brown irises had previously been used to distinguish them from the more numerous Campbell Albatross,…1 January, 2001 by Eugene Murphy
Variability is a key feature of the pelagic ecosystems of the Southern Ocean and an important aspect of the variation is fluctuation in the abundance of krill Euphausia superba Dana,…1 January, 2001
Between 34 and 15 million years (Myr) ago, when planetary temperatures were 3–4 °C warmer than at present and atmospheric CO2 concentrations were twice as high as today1, the Antarctic…1 January, 2001
The physical characteristics of surface sediments from a suite of pristine lakes on Signy Island, maritime Antarctic, were used to develop a quantitative link between catchment ice-extent and lake-sediment response.…1 January, 2001
Antarctic notothenioid early life history strategies are examined in general and then for common species at South Georgia. Channichthyids, bathydraconids, artedidraconids and some nototheniids have large eggs 3·0–4·9 mm whereas…Read more on Early life history strategies of notothenioids at South Georgia
1 January, 2001
Air monitoring stations Were set up at 2 sites in the southern hemisphere - Moody Brook, Falkland Islands (51 ~ 25' S, 57 ~ 56'W) and Halley, Research Station, Antarctica…Read more on The significance of PCBs in the atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere
1 January, 2001
Extra-pair paternity (EPP) in monogamous birds may result from either extra-pair copulations (EPCs) or mate switching. In this study of King Penguins in South Georgia, we observed no EPCs at…Read more on Mate switching and copulation behaviour in king penguins
1 January, 2001
Tephra layers are interstratified in the ice caps of the South Shetland Islands. Although previously poorly investigated, they are potential targets for the application of tephrochronology and, hence, may provide…1 January, 2001
Three granitoid types are recognised in the Famatinian magmatic belt of NW Argentina, based on lithology and new geochemical data: (a) a minor trondhjemite–tonalite–granodiorite (TTG) group, (b) a metaluminous I-type…1 January, 2001 by Philip Leat
The Earth's convecting upper mantle can be viewed as comprising three main reservoirs, beneath the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. Because of the uneven global distribution and migration of ridges…Read more on Geochemical tracing of Pacific-to-Atlantic upper-mantle flow through the Drake passage
1 January, 2001 by Lloyd Peck
Post-prandial increases in metabolism, the specific dynamic action of feeding (SDA), were evaluated in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna. O2 consumption rose to a peak value 2.3 times higher than pre-feeding…Read more on Feeding, metabolism and growth in the Antarctic limpet, Nacella concinna (Strebel 1908)
1 January, 2001 by Mervyn Freeman
We report in-situ detection by two spacecraft of oppositely directed jets of plasma emanating from a magnetic reconnection site at the Earth’s dayside magnetopause, confirming a key element inherent in…Read more on Evidence for an extended reconnection line at the dayside magnetopause
1 January, 2001
A total of 151 scientific publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds for 1998 is listed by author. This annual list is produced on behalf of the Bird Biology…Read more on Publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds, 1998
1 January, 2001
A total of 138 scientific publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds for 1999 is listed by author. This annual list is produced on behalf of the Bird Biology…Read more on Publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds, 1999
1 January, 2001
The behaviour postures and their sequences during courtship displays of the Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans at South Georgia are described. Females initiated most display bouts, which began with a series…1 January, 2001
The proportion of Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides, caught around South Georgia in the south-west Atlantic, with empty stomachs was much lower in fish caught in pots compared to longlines (28…Read more on The stomach contents of Patagonian toothfish around South Georgia (South Atlantic)
1 January, 2001 by Michael Pinnock
Previous work has shown that ionospheric HF radar backscatter in the noon sector can be used to locate the footprint of the magnetospheric cusp particle precipitation. This has enabled the…1 January, 2001 by Eric Wolff
Assessing changes in heavymetals concentrations in Antarcticsnow dated from the last century is of high interest to determine to which extent the most remote regions of our planet are contaminated…1 January, 2001
The wood flora from Williams Point, Livingston Island, contains 12 wood types of gymnosperm and angiosperm origin. Recent collections of material have increased the biodiversity of a postulated species-rich vegetation.…1 January, 2001
Early Tertiary sediments of the Antarctic Peninsula region continue to yield a rich assemblage of well-preserved fossil dicotyledonous angiosperm wood. The wood flora under consideration is from the Collins Glacier…1 January, 2001 by Lloyd Peck
Sperm concentration and sperm ageing effects on fertilisation success were evaluated in the laboratory in the free-spawning Antarctic soft-shelled clam Laternula elliptica and Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna. Fertilisation success was…1 January, 2001
The retreat of five small Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves in the late 20th century has been related to regional (possibly anthropogenic) climate warming. We use the record of ice- rafted…1 January, 2001
We present preliminary results of the first detailed surveys of the former Larsen-A Ice Shelf, Larsen Inlet aiid southern Prince Gustav Channel. where disintegration of small ice shelvcs in the…1 January, 2001
Fourteen species of littoral Acari (Arachnida) were collected from the shores of sub-Antarctic Marion Island, of which Parasitiphis brunneus (Kramer) (Ologamasidae), Rhombognathus apsteini Lohmann and R. gressitti Newell (Halacaridae) are…Read more on Littoral Acari of Marion Island: ecology and extreme wave action
1 January, 2001
Data on population size, breeding success and diet composition of gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), magellanic (Spheniscus magellanicus) and rockhopper (Eudyptes chrysocome) penguins, collected as part of the Falkland Island Seabird Monitoring…1 January, 2001
El margen proto-andino de Gondwana ha sido el escenario de al menos dos orogénesis desde el desmembramiento del supercontinente Rodinia al final del Neoprotrozoico, hasta el reagrupamiento de las masas…1 January, 2001
The cryosphere is a key component of the Earth system, with important linkages and feedbacks affecting the radiative balance of the planet, the circulation of the oceans and atmosphere, global…1 January, 2001
During oceanographic cruises in 1996 and 1998, phytoplankton from 15 stations in the southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean were incubated at ambient temperature and 2 elevated temperatures (ambient…1 January, 2001
Antarctic krill Euphausia superba has a central role in the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean and knowledge of its growth rate is central to determining the factors influencing population dynamics.…Read more on Growth of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at South Georgia
1 January, 2001
The relationship between krill abundance and predator performance is fundamental to an ecosystem-based approach to resource management. We propose a method using krill sampled from the diet of predators to…1 January, 2001
Long-term changes in the physical environment in the Antarctic Peninsula region have significant potential for affecting populations of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), a keystone food web species. In order to…1 January, 2001 by Teal Riley
Extensive outpourings of basalt, and to a lesser extent rhyolite, are closely associated with continental break-up and plume-lithosphere interactions. The Gondwana supercontinent began to fiagment during Early-Middle Jurassic times and…1 January, 2001 by Philip Leat, Teal Riley
Voluminous rhyolitic volcanism along the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana was marked by three principal episodes of magmatism. The first of these ( V1) is essentially coincident with the main episode of…1 January, 2001 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck
Seawater temperatures in Antarctica are low, and typically rather stable seasonally. Associated with this, many marine invertebrates have low resting metabolic rates with a limited aerobic scope, and are often…1 January, 2001 by Andrew Clarke
The mean rate of oxygen consumption in fasted Saduriaentomon increased between 4°C and 13°C with a Q10 of 2.33. After feeding, rates of oxygen uptake increased significantly by two- to…1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
It has recently been suggested that successive intense lightning‐electromagnetic pulse (EMP) events could cause significant large‐scale changes to the properties of the nighttime lower ionosphere. In order to examine this…1 January, 2001 by Paul Rodhouse
Squid are short-lived ecological opportunists which generally have a lifespan of about 1 year. Their populations are labile and recruitment variability is driven, to a greater or lesser extent, by…Read more on Managing and forecasting squid fisheries in variable environments
1 January, 2001 by Howard Roscoe
Using a flexible chemical box model with full heterogeneous chemistry, intercepts of chemically modified Langley plots have been computed for the 5 years of zenith-sky NO2 data from Faraday in…1 January, 2001 by Anna Jones, Howard Roscoe
Ozone at Faraday in Antarctica is measured by a ground-based visible spectrometer. Total ozone is deduced from the slant column measurements by means of calculated air-mass factors (AMFs), which have…1 January, 2001 by Howard Roscoe
Sudden loss of tropospheric ozone well above the boundary layer was observed on three occasions at two coastal sites in Antarctica in spring 1995. Back trajectories show that the air…1 January, 2001 by Howard Roscoe
Stratospheric H2O is increasing, and may be responsible for a large part of the observed cooling of the lower stratosphere. Further cooling will lead to more PSCs in the edge…1 January, 2001 by Howard Roscoe
Ozone depletion at mid-latitudes is caused by reactivehalogens from man-made halocarbons. The stratosphericsulphate aerosol which follows large volcaniceruptions enhances (multiplies) this ozone depletion(it has no effect on ozone without halocarbons).…1 January, 2001
New isotopic ages and a fresh understanding of stratigraphic relations among siliciclastic strata in the Pensacola Mountains along the northern margin of the East Antarctic craton result in removal of…1 January, 2001 by Helen Peat, Peter Convey
The morphology, size and characteristics of the pollen of the plant species Antarctic hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica, Poaceae) and Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis, Caryophyllaceae) are described by scanning electron microscopy and…1 January, 2001
A geomorphological sketch map of the Fossil Bluff area, showing the main morphological characteristics was prepared from aerial photographs taken by the British Antarctic Survey in 1995. Landforms and deposits…1 January, 2001 by Eric Wolff
A tentative age scale (EDC1) for the last 45 kyr is established for the new 788‐m EPICA Dome C ice core using a simple ice flow model. The age of…Read more on A tentative chronology for the EPICA Dome Concordia Ice Core
1 January, 2001 by Hugh Corr
The Pine Island Glacier (PIG) transports 69 cubic kilometers of ice each year from ∼10% of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). It is possible that a retreat of the…Read more on Inland Thinning of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica
1 January, 2001
Over 70 lakes have now been identi®ed beneath the Antarctic ice sheet. Although water from none of the lakes has been sampled directly, analysis of lake ice frozen (accreted) to…1 January, 2001
Mount Murphy is a large Miocene shield volcano flanked by several small basaltic satellite centres that were erupted beneath a thick (> 200 m) ice sheet. Three empirical models illustrating…1 January, 2001
Detrital modes determined on 68 sandstone samples from CRP-3 drillcore indicate a continuation of the dynamic history of uplift-related erosion and unroofing previously documented in CRP-1 and CRP-2/2A. The source…1 January, 2001
Deception Island is the most active volcano in the Antarctic Peninsula region. It is a large basalt–andesite shield volcano with a 10 km-wide restless caldera (Port Foster) and a complicated…Read more on Lithostratigraphy and volcanic evolution of Deception Island, South Shetland Islands
1 January, 2001
The consensus of several geochemical studies is a polygenetic origin for the basic volcanic sequence within the Ballantrae Complex ophiolite. This overall agreement masks differences of opinion regarding local geochemical…1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
From a statistical study of ductedwhistlers observed at Halley, Antarctica, in 1996, which had propagated on paths in the range L=2.5–4.5, we report mean occurrence rates, numbers of components per…Read more on A quantitative estimate of the ducted whistler power within the outer plasmasphere
1 January, 2001
VLF whistler observations from Eights Station, Antarctica were crucial to the discovery and exploration of the plasmapause (''Carpenter's knee'') by Don Carpenter in the mid-1960s. The Weddell Sea sector of…1 January, 2001
Observations on the abundance of medusae at the surface were conducted in the northern Benguela ecosystem, over the period August 1997–June 1998. The results suggest that Chrysaora hysoscella is found…1 January, 2001 by Iain Staniland
The rate of regurgitation of food from the stomachs of trawl caught whiting Merlangius merlangus was negatively correlated with fish size. Increased musculature of the oesophageal sphincter in larger fish…1 January, 2001 by Robert Mulvaney
We report measurements of brominated, bromochlorinated, and iodinated methanes in air extracted from deep firn at three polar locations (two Antarctic and one Arctic). Using a firn diffusion model, we…Read more on Methyl bromide, other brominated methanes, and methyl iodide in polar firn air
1 January, 2001
The drillhole at CRP-3 was the deepest of the project and offered early hopes of retrieving a long plalaeontological record. However, the reality was that the fossil content dropped off…Read more on Palaeontological studies for CRP-3: introduction
1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
Enhancements of D-region electron densities caused by solar flares are determined from observations of VLF subionospheric amplitude changes and these enhancements are then related to the magnitudes of the X-ray…Read more on Solar flare induced ionospheric D-region enhancements from VLF amplitude observations
1 January, 2001 by Michael Pinnock
Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) HF radar, magnetometer, and satellite data are used to study ionospheric convection flow bursts in the sunward return flow in the 1200–1500 MLT auroral…Read more on Flow transients in the postnoon ionosphere: The role of solar wind dynamic pressure
1 January, 2001
Summary 1 Several albatross species, including the wandering albatross Diomedea exulans, have shown marked declines in abundance throughout their range. These seabirds are frequently taken as by-catch in longline fisheries…Read more on Modelling the impact of fishery by-catches on albatross populations
1 January, 2001 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner
A description is given of an automatic cloud detection scheme that has been developed for year-round, routine use on full (1.1 km) horizontal-resolution, five-channel Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)…1 January, 2001 by John Turner
An assessment is presented of the extent and variability of Antarctic sea ice in the non-flux-corrected version of the Hadley Centre's coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (HadCM3). The results are…Read more on The simulation of Antarctic sea ice in the Hadley Centre Climate Model (HadCM3)
1 January, 2001 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Model output, satellite data, and in situ observations are used to investigate the conditions that gave rise to an extreme wind event at the Australian Casey Station (66.27°S, 110.53°E) on…Read more on An extreme wind event at Casey Station, Antarctica
1 January, 2001 by David Vaughan, Gareth Marshall, John King, Robert Mulvaney
Global surface temperatures have increased by 0.6 � 0.2°C in the last century, but this warming has not been evenly distributed across the globe. Some regions, such as the Antarctic…1 January, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins, Andy Smith, David Vaughan, Hugh Corr
The Pine Island Glacier ice-drainage basin has been cited as the part of the West Antarctic ice sheet most prone to substantial retreat on human time-scales. Here we review the…1 January, 2001 by Vsevolod Afanasyev
We apply the theory of random walks to quantitatively describe the general problem of how to search efficiently for randomly located objects that can only be detected in the limited…1 January, 2001 by Vsevolod Afanasyev
We discuss recent findings suggesting that an inverse square probability density distribution P(ℓ)∼ℓ−2 of step lengths ℓ leads to an optimal random search strategy for organisms that can search efficiently…Read more on Lévy flights search patterns of biological organisms
1 January, 2001 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse, Philip Trathan
In this study, we consider the influence of mesoscale oceanographic processes around the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) in the South-west Atlantic, during the period in which the commercial squid fishery…1 January, 2001 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse, Philip Trathan
In this study, we consider the influence of mesoscale oceanographic processes around the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) in the South-west Atlantic, during the period in which the commercial squid fishery…1 January, 2001 by Peter Ward
In recent years, much attention has been paid to the Antarctic epipelagic fauna, as a result of the desire to increase our knowledge of ecosystem function and resource management. Unfortunately,…Read more on The deep-sea copepod fauna of the Southern Ocean: patterns and processes
1 January, 2001 by Teal Riley
Cambrian volcanic rocks of the Liv Group, defined here as including the Wyatt, Ackerman, Taylor, Fairweather, and Leverett Formations, occur along the paleo-Pacific margin of Gondwana, in the Queen Maud…1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
We compare measurements for 1998 of VLF sferics-generated noise power at Halley, Antarctica, with the predictions of the long wave noise prediction (LNP) noise model. We compare the highest-ranked predicted…1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
Lightning is considered to be a sensitive indicator of global change in the troposphere. In this paper we report the first results from the lightningatmospherics (sferics) counter deployed as part…Read more on Lightning atmospherics count rates observed at Halley, Antarctica