‘Astrobiology’ and the ethics of new science
1 January, 2001
Astrobiology has recently been feted as a science for the twenty-first century. Founded as a science in the Soviet Union in 1953, its recent manifestation has been accompanied by a…Our publications
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The Martian and extraterrestrial uv radiation environment. Part II: Further considerations on materials and design criteria for artificial ecosystems
1 January, 2001
Ultraviolet radiation is an important natural physical influence on organism function and ecosystem interactions. The UVradiation fluxes in extraterrestrial environments are substantially different from those experienced on Earth. On Mars,…Martian polar expeditions: problems and solutions
1 January, 2001
The Martianpolar ice caps are regions of substantial scientific interest, being the most dynamic regions of Mars. They are volatile sinks and thus closely linked to Martian climatic conditions. Because…Read more on Martian polar expeditions: problems and solutions
The history of the UV radiation climate of the Earth – theoretical and space-based observations
1 January, 2001
In the Archean era (3.8–2.5 Ga ago) the Earth probably lacked a protective ozone column. Using data obtained in the Earth’s orbit on the inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores we…Microbiology and vegetation of micro-oases and polar desert, Haughton Impact Crater, Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada
1 January, 2001
The input of nutrients into arctic polar deserts, aided by some physical processes, can result in localized areas of high biological productivity--"micro-oases." We examined the vegetation cover, and microbial and…Exposure of Arctic field scientists to ultraviolet radiation evaluated using personal dosimeters
1 January, 2001
During July 2000 we used an electronic personal dosimeter (X-2000) and a biological dosimeter (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt: Biofilm) to characterize the UV radiation exposure of arctic field…A comparison of five numerical weather prediction analysis climatologies in southern high latitudes
1 January, 2001
In this paper, numerical weather prediction analyses from four major centers are compared—the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (ABM), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the U.S. National Centers…Off the hook? Initiatives to reduce seabird bycatch in longline fisheries
1 January, 2001
The recent history of global initiatives to reduce seabird bycatch in longline fisheries is reviewed, highlighting in turn the activities of environmental and industry non-governmental organizations (NGOs), national governments, and…Read more on Off the hook? Initiatives to reduce seabird bycatch in longline fisheries
Investigations of an ‘ice plain’ in the mouth of Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica
1 January, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins, David Vaughan
We present newly acquired airborne radar data showing ice thickness and surface elevation for Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica. These data, when combined with earlier measurements, suggest the presence of a…Read more on Investigations of an ‘ice plain’ in the mouth of Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica
Taxonomic diversity gradients through geological time
1 January, 2001 by Alistair Crame
There is evidence from the fossil record to suggest that latitudinal gradients in taxonomic diversity may be time-invariant features, although almost certainly not on the same scale as that seen…Read more on Taxonomic diversity gradients through geological time
The tectonic history of the Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica: reconciling a Gondwana enigma
1 January, 2001
Early Paleozoic orogenesis has been recognized along the southern African (Saldanian orogeny) and East Antarctic (Ross orogeny) sectors of the Gondwana paleo- Pacific margin. However, the absence of a contemporaneous…Drilling for Antarctic Cenozoic climate and tectonic history at Cape Roberts, southwestern Ross Sea
1 January, 2001
Since the early 1990s, the Cape Roberts Project has been working to document, through sediment drilling, the proximal record of Antarctic ice sheet history and climate for the southwestern part…Palaeo-climatic and -biogeographical implications of Oligocene Ostracoda from CRP-2/2A and CRP-3 drillholes, Victoria Land basin, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
A total of eighteen species of marine ostracods, in at least twelve genera, have been recovered from Early and Late Oligocene glacio-marine sediments from boreholes CRP-3 and CRP-2/2A in the…Rutford Ice Stream, Antarctica
1 January, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins, Andy Smith, David Vaughan, Hugh Corr, Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
Rutford Ice Stream is in many ways a typical Antarctic outlet glacier. Constrained by a subglacial-bed trough to the east of the Ellsworth Mountains, it drains an area of 49,000…Decay of whistler-induced electron precipitation and cloud-ionosphere electrical discharge Trimpis: observations and analysis
1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
There are two distinctly different causes of phase and amplitude perturbations of subionospheric VLF transmissions (termed “Trimpis”): (1) ionization enhancement in the ionospheric D region due to whistler-induced electron precipitation…Variations in condition indices of mackerel icefish at South Georgia from 1972 to 1997
1 January, 2001
Mackerel icefish (Cllanzpsocephal[~gsz rnnnvi) are widespread on the South Georgia shelf, Antarctica, and have been fished commercially since the early 1970s. They are known to feed predominantly on krill. An…Read more on Variations in condition indices of mackerel icefish at South Georgia from 1972 to 1997
Spawning locations of mackerel icefish at South Georgia
1 January, 2001
Historical information on the distribution of spawning and larval mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) within CCAMLR Subarea 48.3 (South Georgia and Shag Rocks) is assessed. This is considered alongside new data…Read more on Spawning locations of mackerel icefish at South Georgia
Gymnosperm woods from the Cretaceous (mid-Aptian) Cerro Negro Formation, Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, Antarctica: the arborescent vegetation of a volcanic arc
1 January, 2001
Silicified gymnosperm trunks usually more than 30 cm in diameter and several metres in length occur abundantly in the lower part of the mid-AptianCerroNegroFormation, which crops out on ByersPeninsula, LivingstonIsland,…Leaf phenology of some mid-Cretaceous polar forests, Alexander Island, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
The leaf longevity and seasonal timing of leaf abscission within a plant community is closely related to climate, a phenomenon referred to as leaf phenology. In this paper the leaf…Read more on Leaf phenology of some mid-Cretaceous polar forests, Alexander Island, Antarctica
Biodiversity and terrestrial ecology of a mid-Cretaceous, high-latitude floodplain, Alexander Island, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
The biodiversity and terrestrial ecology of the Late Albian Triton Point Formation (Fossil Bluff Group), Alexander Island, Antarctica is analysed to improve our understanding of polar biomes during the mid-Cretaceous…Fire-prone plant communities and palaeoclimate of a Late Cretaceous fluvial to estuarine environment, Pecinov quarry, Czech Republic
1 January, 2001
The botanical identity and facies distribution of fossil charcoal is described from Middle to Late Cenomanian (90–94 Ma) fluvial to estuarine units at Pecínov quarry, near Prague, Czech Republic. Braided…Automatic DEM generation for Antarctic terrain
1 January, 2001 by Adrian Fox
Automatic digital elevation model (DEM) generation has become an established technique within mapping agencies. This paper assesses the effectiveness of automatic DEM generation using area-based matching for glaciated terrain in…Biological invasions of Southern Ocean islands: the Collembola of Marion Island as a test of generalities
1 January, 2001
It has been suggested previously that the presence and abundance of indigenous species have a marked influence on the likelihood of invasion of a community. It has also been suggested…Effects of copper exposure on the metabolism of the mysid Praunus flexuosus
1 January, 2001 by Lloyd Peck
The metabolism of a coastal mysid population ŽPraunus flexuosus. from the West Solent South England. has been studied in different seasons winter, spring and summer.. Metabolic responses to copper 0,…Read more on Effects of copper exposure on the metabolism of the mysid Praunus flexuosus
Reproduction, seasonality, and copper toxicity in the coastal mysid Praunus flexuosus
1 January, 2001 by Lloyd Peck
The reproductive biology, in response to temperature, season and copper, of a coastal population of opossum shrimps (Crustacea: Mysidacea) was measured. The reproductive pattern for Praunus flexuosus at Keyhaven (west…Read more on Reproduction, seasonality, and copper toxicity in the coastal mysid Praunus flexuosus
Low reproductive success in territorial male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) suggests the existence of alternative mating strategies
1 January, 2001
Microsatellites were used to conduct an analysis of paternity of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) from Bird Island, South Georgia. At most, only 28% of pups at our study site…Tolerance of Antarctic cyanobacterial mats to enhanced UV radiation
1 January, 2001
To assess the biological implications of ozone depletion over the Antarctic Peninsula, the ultraviolet (UV) regime of two Antarctic cyanobacterial communities (composed of Leptolyngbya sp. and Phormidium sp.) was manipulated…Read more on Tolerance of Antarctic cyanobacterial mats to enhanced UV radiation
Investigations of squid stocks using acoustic survey methods
1 January, 2001 by Paul Rodhouse
Acoustic survey methods are now widely used for stock assessments of finfish, both those with and without swimbladders, but their application to squid stocks has been limited in the past,…Read more on Investigations of squid stocks using acoustic survey methods
Heart rate and rate of oxygen consumption of exercising macaroni penguins
1 January, 2001
Twenty-four macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) from three groups, breeding males (N=9), breeding females (N=9) and moulting females (N=6), were exercised on a variable-speed treadmill. Heart rate (fH) and mass-specific rate…Read more on Heart rate and rate of oxygen consumption of exercising macaroni penguins
Weathering rinds as palaeoenvironmental indicators: evidence from the Cape Roberts drill core (CRP-3), Victoria Land basin, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
XRD analysis of weathering rinds on ocean-deposited ice rafted clasts provide a snapshot of palaeo-terrestrial conditions prevailing at the time of rind formation. Investigation of weathering rinds found on some…Contrasting foraging strategies of gannets Morus bassanus at two North Atlantic colonies: foraging trip duration and foraging area fidelity
1 January, 2001 by Richard Phillips
Seabirds may be able to increase their foraging efficiency by learning the whereabouts of predictable sources of prey and returning repeatedly to these locations. The occurrence of such foraging area…Magnetic properties of Upper Quaternary sediments from the Scotia Sea, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
Magnetic properties of bulk sediment samples taken from three cores from the Scotia Sea, Antarctica were determined using a fully-automated variable field translation balance. Fine-grained detrital magnetite is identified as…Read more on Magnetic properties of Upper Quaternary sediments from the Scotia Sea, Antarctica
Sims Island: first data from a Pliocene alkaline volcanic centre in eastern Ellsworth Land
1 January, 2001
Although Sims Island (73°17′S/78°33′W), a bedrock peak in Carroll Inlet on the English Coast of eastern Ellsworth Land (Fig. 1), had previously been observed and photographed from the air (e.g.…Sedimentary record of explosive silicic volcanism in a Cretaceous deep-marine conglomerate succession, northern Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2001
Lower Cretaceous conglomeratic strata exposed on southern Sobral Peninsula were deposited on a deep-marine apron in the back-arc Larsen Basin close to its faulted boundary with the Antarctic Peninsula magmatic…Stratigraphy and age of the Lower Cretaceous Pedersen Formation, northern Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2001
The Pedersen Formation includes conglomerate-dominated successions exposed on Pedersen Nunatak (142 m thick) and southern Sobral Peninsula (750–1000 m thick). As re-defined here, it also includes mudstone and sandstone in…Influence of temperature on the hygropreference of the collembolan, Cryptopygus antarcticus, and the mite, Alaskozetes antarcticus from the maritime Antarctic
1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland, Peter Convey
The hygropreference of adult Cryptopygusantarcticus and Alaskozetesantarcticus was investigated over 2 h at 5, 10 and 20°C, along humidity gradients (9–98% RH) established by means of different salt solutions. Two…Dynamical processes involved in the retreat of marine ice sheets
1 January, 2001 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Marine ice sheets with mechanics described by the shallow-ice approximation by definition do not couple mechanically with the shelf. Such ice sheets are known to have neutral equilibria. We consider…Read more on Dynamical processes involved in the retreat of marine ice sheets
Limnology and biology of saline lakes in the Rauer Islands, eastern Antarctica
1 January, 2001 by Dominic Hodgson
The Rauer Islands contain more than fifty shallow lakes and small ephemeral ponds. Despite their proximity to the Vestfold fills - one of the most diverse and intensively studied lake…Read more on Limnology and biology of saline lakes in the Rauer Islands, eastern Antarctica
Were the Larsemann Hills ice-free through the Last Glacial Maximum?
1 January, 2001 by Dominic Hodgson
Lake sediments in the Larsemann Hills contain a great diversity ofbiological and physical markers from which past environments can be inferred. In order to determine the timing of environmental changes…Read more on Were the Larsemann Hills ice-free through the Last Glacial Maximum?
Adaptation of an isopycnic coordinate ocean model for the study of circulation beneath ice shelves
1 January, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins
Much of the Antarctic coastline comprises large, floating ice shelves, beneath which waters from the open ocean circulate. The interaction of the seawater with the base of these ice shelves…A new code for electrostatic simulation by numerical integration of the Vlasov and Ampere equations using MacCormack’s method
1 January, 2001 by Mervyn Freeman, Richard Horne
We present anewsimulationcode for electrostatic waves in one dimension which uses the Vlasovequation to integrate the distribution function and Ampère'sequation to integrate the electric field forward in time. Previous Vlasovcodes…Palaeoecology and taxonomy of Pentoxylales from the Albian of Antarctica
1 January, 2001
Reproductive pentoxylalean material from the Albian Triton Point Formation, Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island, Antarctica is the youngest record of this group globally. Leaves are referred to Taeniopteris daintreei…Read more on Palaeoecology and taxonomy of Pentoxylales from the Albian of Antarctica
Flavobacterium frigidarium sp. nov., an aerobic, psychrophilic, xylanolytic and laminarinolytic bacterium from Antarctica
1 January, 2001
A psychrophilic, aerobic bacterium designated A2iT was isolated from marine sediment recovered from shallow waters surrounding Adelaide Island, Antarctica (67S 34H S, 68S 07H W). The organism exhibited xylanolytic and…A new ice-core record from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard: viewing the 1920-97 data in relation to present climate and environmental conditions
1 January, 2001 by Robert Mulvaney
In 1997 a 121 m ice core was retrieved from Lomonosovfonna, the highest ice field in Spitsbergen, Svalbard (1250 m a.s.l.). Radar measurements indicate an ice depth of 126.5 m,…Antarctica’s role in understanding long-term change in the upper atmosphere
1 January, 2001
Within the global context, Antarctica has a key role to play in understanding long-term change in the upper atmosphere, both because of its isolation from the rest of the world…Read more on Antarctica’s role in understanding long-term change in the upper atmosphere
Antarctic-Arctic contrasts – key pointers to mesospheric dynamics and energetics
1 January, 2001
In the mesosphere and lower thermosphere the contrasts between the Antarctic and Arctic regarding both the energy inputs and the consequent dynamics, energetics and chemistry mean that comparative polar observations…Read more on Antarctic-Arctic contrasts – key pointers to mesospheric dynamics and energetics
Bridging the atmospheric divide
1 January, 2001
The mesosphere and lower thermosphere have long suffered from their inaccessibility to research balloons and satellites alike. As a result, basic knowledge about this central region of the atmosphere is…The role of meltwater advection in the formulation of conservative boundary conditions at an ice-ocean interface
1 January, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins
Upper boundary conditions for numerical models of the ocean are conventionally formulated under the premise that the boundary is a material surface. In the presence of an ice cover, such…Age of the Batoka basalts, northern Zimbabwe, and the duration of Karoo Large Igneous Province magmatism
1 January, 2001
Analysis of the Batoka Basalts exposed in the Zambezi Gorge some 40 km east of Victoria Falls characterizes them as high Fe, moderately high Ti, and low K, P, and…First Carboniferous and ?Permian marine macrofaunas from Antarctica and their tectonic implications
1 January, 2001
The first Carboniferous and ?Permian marine macrofaunas from the Antarctic continent are described from three sites near Mount King, Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula. They include bivalves, brachiopods, bryozoans, crinoids, gastropods,…The seasonal cycle of sublimation at Halley, Antarctica
1 January, 2001 by John King
We have used micrometeorological data collected at Halley Research Station, Antarctica, to estimate monthly totals of snow sublimation. Direct sublimation from the snow surface is calculated using bulk-transfer formulae, while…Read more on The seasonal cycle of sublimation at Halley, Antarctica
Sensitivity of modelled Antarctic climate to surface and boundary-layer flux parametrizations
1 January, 2001 by John King
The Hadley Centre climate model version HadAM2 is used to study the sensitivity of modelled Antarctic climate to the parametrization of surface and boundary-layer heat fluxes under stable conditions. Specifically,…Discovery of a recurrent lava lake on Saunders Island (South Sandwich Islands) using AVHRR imagery
1 January, 2001 by Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Monitoring of the remote SouthSandwichIslands volcanic arc, using advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data, has identified a radiant pixel on channels 3 (3.55–3.93 μm) and (rarely) 4 (10.3–11.3 μm).…Observations of cloud and precipitation particles on the Avery Plateau, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2001 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Surface-based observations were taken of cloud and precipitation particles on the Avery Plateau (66°50.34′S 65°29.58′W), Antarctic Peninsula from 25 November to 13 December 1995. This paper considers cloud parameters on…The role of the non-axisymmetric Antarctic orography in forcing the observed pattern of variability of the Antarctic climate
1 January, 2001 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
The pattern of inter‐annual variability in the atmospheric circulation around Antarctica has a maximum over the Amundsen‐Bellinghausen Sea (ABS), which is particularly strong during the winter (June, July and August).…Deriving palaeomagnetic poles from independently assessed inclination and declination data: implications for South American poles since 120 Ma
1 January, 2001
Palaeomagnetic poles for a stable continental block are typically defined from a combination of declination and inclination information from several temporally constrained studies. Poles from regions that have undergone vertical-axis…Cenozoic tectonic history, seismicity and palaeoseismicity of the Antarctic Peninsula Pacific margin
1 January, 2001 by Robert Larter
Global earthquake catalogues do not record any earthquakes south of Bransfield Strait beneath the Antarctic Peninsula or its flanking continental shelves. Such low seismicity is consistent with neotectonic interpretations which…Strontium isotope stratigraphy for CRP-3, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
Strontium isotope stratigraphy was used to date 5 discrete horizons within the CRP-3 drillhole. A single in situ modiolid bivalve fragment at 10.88 mbsf gives an age of 30.9 (±0.8)…Read more on Strontium isotope stratigraphy for CRP-3, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica
Molluscan stable isotope temperature estimates of the southwestern Ross Sea during the Early Oligocene and Early Miocene, CRP-2/2A and CRP-3, Victoria Land basin, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
Stable isotope analyses of marine bivalve growth increment samples have been used to estimate early Oligocene (29.4 - 31.2) Ma and early Miocene (24.0 Ma) seafloor palaeotemperatures from the southwestern…Initial comparisons of planetary waves in the stratosphere, mesosphere and ionosphere over Antarctica
1 January, 2001
Planetary wave signatures, with periods of approximately 16, 10 and 5 days have been observed at altitudes ranging from 30 km to 220 km over Halley (76°S, 26°W), Antarctica. A…Life on the edge: the plankton and chemistry of Beaver Lake, an ultra-oligotrophic epishelf lake, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
1. Beaver Lake, a large epishelf lake in eastern Antarctica was sampled on two occasions during the austral summer of 2000. Two sites, one 1 km offshore and another 6…Effects of a viscoelastic lithosphere on the isostatic bedrock response
1 January, 2001
The lithosphere responds to loading by elastic flexure which is followed by viscous relaxation, the amount of which depends on the stress duration. This study compares results of an Earth…Read more on Effects of a viscoelastic lithosphere on the isostatic bedrock response
Coupled marine-ice-sheet/Earth dynamics using a dynamically consistent ice-sheet model and a self-gravitating viscous Earth model
1 January, 2001 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
We use a self-gravitating viscoelastic model of the Earth and a dynamically consistent marine ice-sheet model to study the relationships between marine ice-sheet dynamics, relative sea level, basal topography and…A model computation of the temporal changes of surface gravity and geoidal signal induced by the evolving Greenland ice sheet
1 January, 2001
This paper deals with present-day gravity changes in response to the evolving Greenland ice sheet. We present a detailed computation from a 3-D thermomechanical ice sheet model that is interactively…Recolonisation of meiofauna after catastrophic iceberg scouring in shallow Antarctic sediments
1 January, 2001 by Lloyd Peck
A series of 10 samples from sediment in and adjacent to a shallow coastal iceberg scour at Signy Island, Antarctica, were taken by hand coring from 17 December 1993 until…Trace metals in the Antarctic soft-shelled clam Laternula elliptica: implications for metal pollution from Antarctic research stations
1 January, 2001 by Lloyd Peck
The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured in several soft-tissue types of the Antarctic soft-shelled clam, Laternula elliptica, which had been collected from…Atmospheric distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and non-ortho biphyenyls (PCBs) along a north – south Atlantic transect
1 January, 2001
Air samples were taken on board the RRS Bransfield (typically for 24−72 h), during an Atlantic cruise from the U.K. to Antarctica in October−December 1998, to investigate the global scale…Postprandial hormone and metabolic responses amongst shift workers in Antarctica
1 January, 2001
The circadian rhythms of many night-shift workers are maladapted to their imposed behavioural schedule, and this factor may be implicated in the increased occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) reported in…Read more on Postprandial hormone and metabolic responses amongst shift workers in Antarctica
Neohyadesia microtricha (Acari: Astigmata: Algophagidae): a new species from the sub-Antarctic
1 January, 2001
The sub-antarctic mite genus Neohyadesia (Acari: Astigmata) is known from two described taxa: N. signyi from Signy Island (South Orkney Islands, South Atlantic Province), and a subspecies, N. s. punctulata…Is the dramatic surface warming observed in the Antarctic Peninsula also present throughout the troposphere?
1 January, 2001 by Gareth Marshall
Meteorological surface observations from the Antarctic Peninsula began in the mid-1940s. The most reliable long-term (~50 years) temperature record from this region has been obtained from Faraday station on the…Visual fields and foraging in procellariiform seabirds: sensory aspects of dietary segregation
1 January, 2001
Retinal visual fields were determined using an ophthalmoscopic reflex technique in two seabird species of the family Procellariidae: white-chinned petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis and antarctic prion Pachyptila desolata. The binocular fields…Is it real?
1 January, 2001 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
How true is the statement: “The camera never lies”? Trick photography has a long and varied history, and good fakes are extremely difficult to refute. Now computer software makes it…Milnesium cfr. tardigradum (Milnesiidae, Apochela, Tardigrada): a monitor of high altitude meiofauna on sub-Antarctic Marion Island
1 January, 2001 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
The meiofaunal tardigrades Milnesium cfr. tardigradum, Echiniscus sp., and Macrobiotus sp. were extracted from high altitude moss and volcanic scoria samples on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Gut contents of mounted Milnesium…The excitation of convection in the cusp region as observed by the SuperDARN radars
1 January, 2001
SuperDARN observations from the interval 1330 UT to 1500 UT, 17 April 1996, are presented. During this interval, five radars covered 12 hours of magnetic local time on the dayside,…Read more on The excitation of convection in the cusp region as observed by the SuperDARN radars
The role of crustal and mantle sources in the genesis of granitoids of the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent crustal blocks
1 January, 2001
Magmatic rocks from the Antarctic Peninsula show marked variations in isotope composition, which reflect changes in the geodynamic evolution of the peninsula through time. Most Antarctic Peninsula granitoids formed as…Provenance and sex ratio of black-browed albatross, Thalassarche melanophrys, breeding on Campbell Island, New Zealand
1 January, 2001
Small numbers of Black-browed Albatross, Thalassarche melanophrys, breed on Campbell Island, New Zealand. Their dark brown irises had previously been used to distinguish them from the more numerous Campbell Albatross,…Modelling Southern Ocean krill population dynamics: biological processes generating fluctuations in the South Georgia ecosystem
1 January, 2001 by Eugene Murphy
Variability is a key feature of the pelagic ecosystems of the Southern Ocean and an important aspect of the variation is fluctuation in the abundance of krill Euphausia superba Dana,…Orbitally induced oscillations in the East Antarctic ice sheet at the Oligocene/Miocene boundary
1 January, 2001
Between 34 and 15 million years (Myr) ago, when planetary temperatures were 3–4 °C warmer than at present and atmospheric CO2 concentrations were twice as high as today1, the Antarctic…Quantitative models for reconstructing catchment ice-extent using physical-chemical characteristics of lake sediments
1 January, 2001
The physical characteristics of surface sediments from a suite of pristine lakes on Signy Island, maritime Antarctic, were used to develop a quantitative link between catchment ice-extent and lake-sediment response.…Early life history strategies of notothenioids at South Georgia
1 January, 2001
Antarctic notothenioid early life history strategies are examined in general and then for common species at South Georgia. Channichthyids, bathydraconids, artedidraconids and some nototheniids have large eggs 3·0–4·9 mm whereas…Read more on Early life history strategies of notothenioids at South Georgia
The significance of PCBs in the atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere
1 January, 2001
Air monitoring stations Were set up at 2 sites in the southern hemisphere - Moody Brook, Falkland Islands (51 ~ 25' S, 57 ~ 56'W) and Halley, Research Station, Antarctica…Read more on The significance of PCBs in the atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere
Mate switching and copulation behaviour in king penguins
1 January, 2001
Extra-pair paternity (EPP) in monogamous birds may result from either extra-pair copulations (EPCs) or mate switching. In this study of King Penguins in South Georgia, we observed no EPCs at…Read more on Mate switching and copulation behaviour in king penguins
Using tephrochronology to date temperate ice: correlation between ice tephras on Livingston Island and eruptive units on Deception Island volcano (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica)
1 January, 2001
Tephra layers are interstratified in the ice caps of the South Shetland Islands. Although previously poorly investigated, they are potential targets for the application of tephrochronology and, hence, may provide…