Showing 11862 items
1 January, 1998
Multiple-year time series of the weight ratio R of methane sulfonic acid (MSA) to non-sea-salt sulfate (nss SO4) in aerosols collected at three coastal Antarctic stations Neumayer (70°39′S, 8°15′W), Halley…1 January, 1998 by Michael Pinnock
The Finnish radar of CUTLASS has been operational since February 1995. Between 0620 and 0800 UT on August 25 1995, a region of ionospheric scatter, which was limited to only…Read more on CUTLASS observations of convection in the cusp region
1 January, 1998 by Mervyn Freeman
We use the Goose Bay HF radar to investigate the behavior of the electric field within the substorm current wedge for a small substorm (< 200 nT) which occurred on…Read more on The behavior of the electric field within the substorm current wedge
1 January, 1998
An extended interval of strong northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) was observed by the Wind spacecraft located at an upstream distance of ∼193 RE from February 8–10, 1995, with a…Read more on Multipoint study of a substorm on February 9, 1995
1 January, 1998 by Philip Leat
The isotopic difference between modern Indian Ocean and Pacific or North Atlantic Ocean ridge mantle (e.g. variably lower 206Pb/204Pb for a given εNd and 208Pb/204Pb) could reflect processes that occurred…1 January, 1998 by Gareth Marshall, John King
The Southern Hemisphere reveals markedly different circulation patterns associated with extreme warm and cold Antarctic Peninsula (AP) winter temperatures. Warm winters are associated with negative 500 hPa height anomalies in…1 January, 1998 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner
In this study we correlate temporal features within the electrical conductivity (acidity) traces of four shallow firn cores obtained from the southern Antarctic Peninsula to synoptic-scale variations in the regional…1 January, 1998
Aerobiological sampling was conducted year-round at three sites on Signy Island, maritime Antarctic, between December 1992 and January 1994, and during the summer at a fourth coastal site. The concentrations…1 January, 1998
Anterior eye structure and retinal visual fields were determined in grey–headed and black–browed albatrosses, Diomedea melanophris and D. chrysostoma (Procellariiformes, Diomedeidae), using keratometry and an ophthalmoscopic reflex technique. Results for…Read more on Eye structure and amphibious foraging in albatrosses
1 January, 1998
The diving behaviour of Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups on Bird Island, South Georgia (54°S, 38°W), was examined during February-April 1996 using capillary-tube depth gauges (CDGs) and time-depth recorders…Read more on Diving behaviour of Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups
1 January, 1998
This study examined the relative contribution of environmental variation and the seasonal demands of pup rearing on the foraging behaviour of female Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella at Bird Island,…Read more on Foraging responses of Antarctic fur seals to changes in the marine environment
1 January, 1998
Alexander Island, situated off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, contains a suite of Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary subduction-related magmatic rocks. The rocks occupy a fore-arc position 100–200…1 January, 1998 by Robert Larter
Quantitative estimates of the rates and azimuths of Phoenix plate convergence with the Antarctic Peninsula have been derived from plate rotation calculations for two periods in the Late Cretaceous and…Read more on Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary subduction history of the Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 1998 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
The Tardigrada is a cosmopolitan phylum of pre-Pangaean origin, yet tardigrade families and genera show distinct biogeographic components isolated by two major geological events. Separate Laurasian and Gondwanan familial clusters…1 January, 1998 by Thomas Lachlan-Cope
The British Antarctic Survey operates both aircraft and ships in the Antarctic. High quality weather forecasts can have a large impact on safe operations at high southern latitudes. This paper…1 January, 1998 by Lloyd Peck
The reproductive cycle of the Antarctic articulate brachiopod Liothyrella uva (Broderip, 1833) is described from monthly samples collected between September 1985 and July 1987 from a population at Signy Island,…Read more on Reproductive patterns in the Antarctic brachiopod Liothyrella uva
1 January, 1998 by Eric Wolff
The concentrations of sulfur-containing species (sulfate and methanesulfonate (MSA)) of aerosols collected at three coastal Antarctic sites (Neumayer, Dumont d'Urville, and Halley) have been studied in order to investigate the…1 January, 1998
We report recent mapping of Spiess Ridge with the Hawaii-MR1 sidescan sonar. Spiess Ridge is an unusual elongate 90 by 50 km volcanic feature on the slow spreading Southwest Indian…Read more on Spiess Ridge: An axial high on the slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge
1 January, 1998
New Hawaii-MR1 sonar data show that the southernmost Mid-Atlantic Ridge joins the South American–Antarctic Ridge by an obliquely opening rift and overlaps Spiess Ridge, the westernmost segment of the Southwest…Read more on The present configuration of the Bouvet triple junction
1 January, 1998
The existence of seasonal changes in concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates in arthropods (both freezing-tolerant and intolerant species) from Signy Island was demonstrated. Seasonal patterns of variation, imposed by seasonality of…1 January, 1998
Quaternary deposits in six sediment cores from the Scotia Sea, Antarctica, were examined for the presence of volcanic ash layers. The cores were recovered from water depths of 3369-4025 m.…1 January, 1998 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
Postdepositional loss of nitrate in near-surface snowfall is well known, with mean levels of nitrate in ice cores of around 20 to 80 ng g−1, while nitrate in surface snow…1 January, 1998 by Eugene Murphy
Most analyses of marine microbial systems in the seasonally ice covered areas of the Southern Ocean have been based on data from the major embayment areas of the Ross and…1 January, 1998 by Eugene Murphy, Jonathan Watkins, Philip Trathan
Interannual variability is a characteristic feature of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, yet the relative roles of biological and physical processes in generating these fluctuations are unknown. There is now extensive…1 January, 1998 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
A linearized perturbation about a two-dimensional Vialov-Nye icesheet profile is used to investigate the sensitivity of the divide position at Siple Dome, West Antarctica, to small changes in the accumulation…Read more on Sensitivity of the divide position at Siple Dome, West Antarctica to boundary forcing
1 January, 1998 by Philip Trathan
Gobionotothen gibberifrons1 January, 1998
This paper investigates the climate change in two atmosphere-ice-ocean coupled climate models - the UKMO and the CSIRO - in the Antarctic region over the next century. The objectives were…1 January, 1998
There are five species in the genus Ditrichum Hampe in the Antarctic: D. heteromallum (Hedw.) Britt., D. conicum (Mont.) Mitt., D. austrogeorgicum (Card.) Seppelt, D. lewis-smithii Ochyra and D. gemmiferum…1 January, 1998 by Michael Pinnock
We report a case study of decameter-scale electron density irregularities associated with polar cap patches and auroral (boundary) blobs in the southern high-latitude F region ionosphere. The observations were carried…1 January, 1998
Beak shapes in nine species of Southern Ocean octopodids were measured using seven size-standardized ratios. The results were analysed using principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis and show that…1 January, 1998
In long-lived and monogamous species, with partners separated between breeding seasons, the previous mate usually returns and waiting is therefore rewarded, thus contributing to mate retention as an adaptive strategy.…Read more on Divorce in king penguins: asynchrony, expensive fat storing and ideal free mate choice
1 January, 1998
Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica, is a major part of the proto-Pacific supercontinental margin. On the basis of new geochronological and geochemical data relating to its pre-Jurassic evolution, Marie Byrd Land…1 January, 1998 by Philip Leat, Teal Riley
The field occurrence, age, classification and geochemistry of the Mesozoic volcanic rocks of Patagonia and West Antarctica are reviewed, using published and new information. Dominated by rhyolitic ignimbrites, which form…1 January, 1998
Field and earthquake data are presented which show that small faults can be important during block rotation. `Small' here means those faults which are at least an order of magnitude…Read more on Evidence for the importance of `small’ faults on block rotation
1 January, 1998 by Helen Peat
The British Antarctic Survey's Antarctic Plant Database holds over 50,000 herbarium records for Antarctic and sub-Antarctic flowering plants and cryptogams held in herbaria world-wide. In addition, it holds information on…Read more on The Antarctic Plant Database: a specimen and literature based information system
1 January, 1998 by Alistair Crame
Aims to describe petrography and geochemistry of calcite cements precipitated in species borings from the lower 180m of La Meseta Formation on island. Interprets data in terms of diagenetic history…1 January, 1998 by Howard Roscoe
A new method for retrieving the vertical profile of NO2 from ground-based measurements is applied to four months of measurements made at Aberdeen (57°N) during part of SESAME from November…1 January, 1998 by Eugene Murphy
In view of the wide range of estimates for the total primary production for the Southern Ocean south of the Subantarctic Front—current estimates range from 1.2 to 3.5 Gtonne C…1 January, 1998 by Eugene Murphy
The Southern Ocean is the largest of the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the world ocean. Phytoplankton production fails to utilise completely the pool of inorganic nutrients in the euphotic…1 January, 1998
On the continental rise west of the Antarctic Peninsula there are nine large mounds interpreted as sediment drifts, separated by turbidity current channels. Drift 7 is 150 km long, 70…1 January, 1998
Within the Scotia Sea, the axis of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is geographically confined, and sediments therefore contain a record of palaeo-flow speed uncomplicated by ACC axis migration. We…Read more on Quaternary history of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current: evidence from the Scotia Sea
1 January, 1998 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
The tardigrade faunas of six Arctic sites (Canadian Axel Heiberg I., east and west coasts of Greenland, Iceland, Svalbard, Novaya Zemlya and the Russian Taimyr Peninsula) form, with those of…Read more on The origin of Arctic terrestrial and freshwater tardigrades
1 January, 1998
From a detailed study of a 500 km transect in the Sierras Pampeanas, central-west Argentina, two pre-Silurian tectono-magmatic episodes are recognized and defined, each culminating in micro-continental collisions against the…Read more on Early evolution of the Proto-Andean margin of South America
1 January, 1998 by John King
Large amplitude, isolated, wave-like phenomena have been observed in the lowest 40 m of the strongly stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer overlying a coastal Antarctic ice shelf. The waves only…Read more on Observations of solitary waves in the stable atmospheric boundary layer
1 January, 1998
A discriminant function using simple carapace measurements corretly determined the sex of 87% of male and 89% of female Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. This facilitated the use of sex-specific regression…Read more on Determining the sex of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba using carapace measurements
1 January, 1998 by Alistair Crame
The Lagrelius Point Formation from its type area in north-west James Ross Island, Antarctica has yielded dinoflagellate cysts indicative of an earliest Aptian age. Reworked palynomorphs presumed to be from…Read more on The age of the base of the Gustav Group in the James Ross Basin, Antarctica
1 January, 1998 by Paul Rodhouse
Chiroteuthis veranyi (Férussac, 1835) (Cephalopoda: Chiroteuthidae) from South Georgia is described from material collected during the British Antarctic Survey's Offshore Biological Programme. The material closely resembles C. veranyi from elsewhere…1 January, 1998 by Paul Rodhouse
The king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus is a sub-Antarctic species that feeds primarily on mesopelagic fish and cephalopods in the vicinity of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF). We examined the cephalopod…Read more on Cephalopod predation by the king penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus from South Georgia
1 January, 1998 by Paul Rodhouse
The coleoid cephalopods (cuttlefish, squid and octopus) arose from their shelled ancestors during the late Devonian; they diversified in the Jurassic but did not radiate substantially until the Tertiary. Since…Read more on Physiological progenesis in cephalopod molluscs
1 January, 1998
Laser-based Fourier-Transform Raman spectroscopy (FTRS) has been used to identify in situ compounds of ecophysiological significance in diverse field-fresh Antarctic cryptoendolithic microbial communities. FTRS does not disrupt the community and…1 January, 1998
Modern ionosondes make almost simultaneous measurements of the time rate of change of phase path in different directions and at different heights. By combining these 'Doppler' measurements and angles of…Read more on Plasma drift estimates from the Dynasonde: comparison with EISCAT measurements
1 January, 1998 by Peter Ward
Instantaneous measurements of moulting and growth of the early copepodite stages of 2 species of Antarctic copepod, Rhincalanus gigas and Calanoides acutus, were made at 4 regions around South Georgia…1 January, 1998 by Peter Ward
An inter-comparison of three commonly reported methods for estimating the stage duration of copepods was made on Calanus helgolandicus from both wild and laboratory-reared populations. These three methods have not…Read more on Moulting rates of Calanus helgolandicus: an inter-comparison of experimental methods
1 January, 1998
Summary: Antarctica was the focus of numerous exploring and commercial expeditions by different nations during the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries and today it is a truly…1 January, 1998
On King George Island during latest Oligocene/earliest Miocene time, submarine eruptions resulted in the emplacement of a small (ca. 500 m estimated original diameter) basalt lava dome at Low Head. The…1 January, 1998
Detrital modes for the sand-size fraction in 24 samples from the CRP- 1 drillcore arc described. Most samples are largely composcd of quart7.o-feldspathic detritus sourced dominantly from Palaeozoic granitoids and…1 January, 1998
This paper describes amplitude modulations in the frequency range 0–500 mHz of ELF/VLF (0.5–4.0 kHz) radio wave power recorded throughout 1993 and 1995 at Halley and South Pole stations, Antarctica,…Read more on Periodic and quasiperiodic ELF/VLF emissions observed by an array of Antarctic stations
1 January, 1998
The VLF database from Halley station, Antarctica, has been searched, and prominent examples of discrete emissions are presented. Risers, fallers, quasiconstant tones, and upward and downward hooks are all common.…Read more on Numerical simulation of VLF risers, fallers, and hooks observed in Antarctica
1 January, 1998
This paper presents results from the first systematic survey of VLF wave activity at Halley, Antarctica (76 °S, 27 °W, L = 4.3). Beginning in 1971, the peak, average and…1 January, 1998 by Andy Smith, David Vaughan
Level-line surveys at a number of sites on the Antarctic Peninsula since the early 1970s have shown a lowering of the ice surface elevation in areas where the climate is…1 January, 1998
Optically derived upper thermospheric wind and temperature data, collected at Antarctic stations at South Pole (L = 14), Mawson (L = 9.3), and Halley (L = 4.6), and averaged over…1 January, 1998
An investigation was carried out on the recently discovered ‘giant’ extra large (XL) form of the squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis from the Arabian Sea. The sample consisted of 2 males, which…1 January, 1998 by Andrew Clarke
The reproductive and larval biology of the common Antarctic cushion-star Odontaster validus Koehler (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) were studied in a shallow-water population at Signy Island in the maritime Antarctic. The gonad…1 January, 1998 by Lloyd Peck
The effects of temperature on development and viability were measured at 14 levels between -2{deg}C and +3{deg}C on embryos of two asteroids (Odontaster validus and Odontaster meridionalis) and an echinoid…1 January, 1998 by William Block
Oribatid mites are an ancient group of cosmopolitan terrestrial arthropods with limited trans-oceanic dispersal abilities. They provide an opportunity to answer questions concerning the role played by Gondwanaland, either as…1 January, 1998 by Eric Wolff
A detailed dielectric profiling (DEP) conductivity profile (σ∞) measured in the 6 m of the basal silty ice sequence from the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core (Summit, Central…1 January, 1998 by Eugene Murphy, Philip Trathan
Data from individual hauls carried out by vessels operating in the South Georgia krill fishery between 1994 and 1996 were examined and a range of descriptive measurements reflecting the fishery…Read more on Analysis of haul data from the South Georgia krill fishery
1 January, 1998 by Eugene Murphy, Philip Trathan
Macaroni penguins are the main avian consumer of Antarctic krill in the vicinity of South Georgia. The largest breeding colonies occur on small offshore islands to the northwest of the…1 January, 1998 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Daily precipitation fields and annual means from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts re-analysis exercise are used to examine the distribution and variability of precipitation across the Antarctic Peninsula.…1 January, 1998 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Satellite imagery of the Antarctic Peninsula, Bellingshausen Sea, and Weddell Sea region, together with operational meteorological analyses, are used to investigate the development, tracks, and structure of synoptic-scale weather systems…1 January, 1998 by Anna Jones, Howard Roscoe
Comparisons of total column ozone measurements from Dobson, Brewer and SAOZ instruments are presented for the period 1990 to 1995 at seven stations covering the mid- and the high northern…1 January, 1998
The metazoan meiobenthos was investigated in an Antarctic coastal sediment (Factory Cove, Signy Island, Antarctica). The fine sands contained much higher abundances compared to major sublittoral sediments worldwide. Classified second…1 January, 1998
Ar–Ar laserprobe dating suggests that in western Palmer Land, plutons associated with a curvilinear belt of positive magnetic anomalies along the Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula, the Pacific Margin…1 January, 1998 by David Vaughan
A digital elevation model (DEM) of the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet is compared with a simple two-dimensional ice-flow model to illuminate gross distortions (>500 m) of the ice-surface…1 January, 1998
The capture of 52 specimens of the cirrate octopod Grimpoteuthis glacialis (Robson, 1930), of dorsal mantle length 20-165 mm during a 1996 trawling survey near the Antarctic Peninsula allowed the…1 January, 1998 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
Continuous year round records of atmospheric sea-salt concentrations have been recovered at three coastal Antarctic stations (Halley, Dumont D'Urville, and Neumayer) at temporal resolutions typically between 1 day and 2…1 January, 1998 by Eric Wolff
Records of atmospheric nitrate were obtained by year-round aerosol sampling at Neumayer and Dumont D'Urville stations, located in the Atlantic and Pacific sector of coastal Antarctica, respectively. Where possible, evaluation…Read more on Atmospheric near-surface nitrate at coastal Antarctic sites
1 January, 1998 by Michael Pinnock
Results of an HF radar study of convection during an extended quiet solar wind interval on March 10 1997 are presented. After thirty hours during which the solar wind met…1 January, 1998
Seasonal haul-out patterns and diet of individually marked leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) were investigated at Bird Island, South Georgia during the 1983–96 winters. A total of 2956 leopard seal sightings…1 January, 1998 by Richard Horne
The dominant features of Jovian whistlers observed by Voyager 1 in the inner cold torus around RJ ≈ 5.3 are studied using the technique of ray tracing with an offset…Read more on Cold torus whistlers: An indirect probe of the inner Jovian plasmasphere
1 January, 1998 by Richard Horne
The dispersion of unducted lightning-generated whistlers observed by Voyager 1 in the warm torus around density peaks at L = 5.7 and L = 5.9 are analyzed using the HOTRAY…1 January, 1998 by Peter Ward
Egg hatching times were determined at a range of temperatures for four species of commonly occurring Antarctic copepods. At a given temperature the eggs of Rhincalanus gigas took longest to…1 January, 1998
New Pb, Nd, and Sr isotope data are presented for geochemically similar, ∼1.1–1.2 Ga, granitoids and tonalitic‐granitic orthogneisses from Antarctica, southern Africa, and the Falkland Islands and adjoining plateau, areas…Read more on Pb, Nd, and Sr isotope mapping of Grenville‐age crustal provinces in Rodinia
1 January, 1998 by Philip Leat
Mafic dykes of the Antarctic Peninsula continental-margin arc are compositionally diverse, comprising calc-alkaline (dominant), shoshonite, tholeiite, and OIB-like varieties. Their compositions give information about different mafic magma sources tapped during…1 January, 1998 by Michael Pinnock
We have found flow burst features in the nightside ionosphere that are thought to be the ionospheric signature of distant tail reconnection. These are observed to form just prior to…Read more on Localized activation of the distant tail neutral line just prior to substorm onsets
1 January, 1998 by Jonathan Watkins
Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba Dana, a major component in the southern ocean food web, typically occur in aggregations that range from small, discrete swarms and schools through to layers and…Read more on Layers of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba : are they just long krill swarms?
1 January, 1998 by Mark Clilverd
We report measured levels of very low frequency (VLF) radio noise at ∼10 kHz, due to lightning sferics, observed at Halley Station, Antarctica (76°S, 27°W) between 1971 and 1996. The…1 January, 1998 by William Block
Soil warming experiments were conducted in tundra heath and polar semi-desert soils at the High Arctic location of Ny-Alesund, West Spitsbergen, Svalbard, The warming treatment resulted in an 8-10% increase…