Showing 11923 items
1 January, 2001
Twenty-four macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) from three groups, breeding males (N=9), breeding females (N=9) and moulting females (N=6), were exercised on a variable-speed treadmill. Heart rate (fH) and mass-specific rate…Read more on Heart rate and rate of oxygen consumption of exercising macaroni penguins
1 January, 2001
XRD analysis of weathering rinds on ocean-deposited ice rafted clasts provide a snapshot of palaeo-terrestrial conditions prevailing at the time of rind formation. Investigation of weathering rinds found on some…1 January, 2001 by Richard Phillips
Seabirds may be able to increase their foraging efficiency by learning the whereabouts of predictable sources of prey and returning repeatedly to these locations. The occurrence of such foraging area…1 January, 2001
Magnetic properties of bulk sediment samples taken from three cores from the Scotia Sea, Antarctica were determined using a fully-automated variable field translation balance. Fine-grained detrital magnetite is identified as…Read more on Magnetic properties of Upper Quaternary sediments from the Scotia Sea, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
Although Sims Island (73°17′S/78°33′W), a bedrock peak in Carroll Inlet on the English Coast of eastern Ellsworth Land (Fig. 1), had previously been observed and photographed from the air (e.g.…1 January, 2001
Lower Cretaceous conglomeratic strata exposed on southern Sobral Peninsula were deposited on a deep-marine apron in the back-arc Larsen Basin close to its faulted boundary with the Antarctic Peninsula magmatic…1 January, 2001
The Pedersen Formation includes conglomerate-dominated successions exposed on Pedersen Nunatak (142 m thick) and southern Sobral Peninsula (750–1000 m thick). As re-defined here, it also includes mudstone and sandstone in…1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland, Peter Convey
The hygropreference of adult Cryptopygusantarcticus and Alaskozetesantarcticus was investigated over 2 h at 5, 10 and 20°C, along humidity gradients (9–98% RH) established by means of different salt solutions. Two…1 January, 2001 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Marine ice sheets with mechanics described by the shallow-ice approximation by definition do not couple mechanically with the shelf. Such ice sheets are known to have neutral equilibria. We consider…Read more on Dynamical processes involved in the retreat of marine ice sheets
1 January, 2001 by Dominic Hodgson
The Rauer Islands contain more than fifty shallow lakes and small ephemeral ponds. Despite their proximity to the Vestfold fills - one of the most diverse and intensively studied lake…Read more on Limnology and biology of saline lakes in the Rauer Islands, eastern Antarctica
1 January, 2001 by Dominic Hodgson
Lake sediments in the Larsemann Hills contain a great diversity ofbiological and physical markers from which past environments can be inferred. In order to determine the timing of environmental changes…Read more on Were the Larsemann Hills ice-free through the Last Glacial Maximum?
1 January, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins
Much of the Antarctic coastline comprises large, floating ice shelves, beneath which waters from the open ocean circulate. The interaction of the seawater with the base of these ice shelves…1 January, 2001 by Mervyn Freeman, Richard Horne
We present anewsimulationcode for electrostatic waves in one dimension which uses the Vlasovequation to integrate the distribution function and Ampère'sequation to integrate the electric field forward in time. Previous Vlasovcodes…1 January, 2001
Reproductive pentoxylalean material from the Albian Triton Point Formation, Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island, Antarctica is the youngest record of this group globally. Leaves are referred to Taeniopteris daintreei…Read more on Palaeoecology and taxonomy of Pentoxylales from the Albian of Antarctica
1 January, 2001
A psychrophilic, aerobic bacterium designated A2iT was isolated from marine sediment recovered from shallow waters surrounding Adelaide Island, Antarctica (67S 34H S, 68S 07H W). The organism exhibited xylanolytic and…1 January, 2001 by Robert Mulvaney
In 1997 a 121 m ice core was retrieved from Lomonosovfonna, the highest ice field in Spitsbergen, Svalbard (1250 m a.s.l.). Radar measurements indicate an ice depth of 126.5 m,…1 January, 2001
Within the global context, Antarctica has a key role to play in understanding long-term change in the upper atmosphere, both because of its isolation from the rest of the world…Read more on Antarctica’s role in understanding long-term change in the upper atmosphere
1 January, 2001
The mesosphere and lower thermosphere have long suffered from their inaccessibility to research balloons and satellites alike. As a result, basic knowledge about this central region of the atmosphere is…1 January, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins
Upper boundary conditions for numerical models of the ocean are conventionally formulated under the premise that the boundary is a material surface. In the presence of an ice cover, such…1 January, 2001
Analysis of the Batoka Basalts exposed in the Zambezi Gorge some 40 km east of Victoria Falls characterizes them as high Fe, moderately high Ti, and low K, P, and…1 January, 2001
The first Carboniferous and ?Permian marine macrofaunas from the Antarctic continent are described from three sites near Mount King, Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula. They include bivalves, brachiopods, bryozoans, crinoids, gastropods,…1 January, 2001 by John King
We have used micrometeorological data collected at Halley Research Station, Antarctica, to estimate monthly totals of snow sublimation. Direct sublimation from the snow surface is calculated using bulk-transfer formulae, while…Read more on The seasonal cycle of sublimation at Halley, Antarctica
1 January, 2001 by John King
The Hadley Centre climate model version HadAM2 is used to study the sensitivity of modelled Antarctic climate to the parametrization of surface and boundary-layer heat fluxes under stable conditions. Specifically,…1 January, 2001 by Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Monitoring of the remote SouthSandwichIslands volcanic arc, using advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) data, has identified a radiant pixel on channels 3 (3.55–3.93 μm) and (rarely) 4 (10.3–11.3 μm).…1 January, 2001 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Surface-based observations were taken of cloud and precipitation particles on the Avery Plateau (66°50.34′S 65°29.58′W), Antarctic Peninsula from 25 November to 13 December 1995. This paper considers cloud parameters on…1 January, 2001 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
The pattern of inter‐annual variability in the atmospheric circulation around Antarctica has a maximum over the Amundsen‐Bellinghausen Sea (ABS), which is particularly strong during the winter (June, July and August).…1 January, 2001
Palaeomagnetic poles for a stable continental block are typically defined from a combination of declination and inclination information from several temporally constrained studies. Poles from regions that have undergone vertical-axis…1 January, 2001 by Robert Larter
Global earthquake catalogues do not record any earthquakes south of Bransfield Strait beneath the Antarctic Peninsula or its flanking continental shelves. Such low seismicity is consistent with neotectonic interpretations which…1 January, 2001
Strontium isotope stratigraphy was used to date 5 discrete horizons within the CRP-3 drillhole. A single in situ modiolid bivalve fragment at 10.88 mbsf gives an age of 30.9 (±0.8)…Read more on Strontium isotope stratigraphy for CRP-3, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
Stable isotope analyses of marine bivalve growth increment samples have been used to estimate early Oligocene (29.4 - 31.2) Ma and early Miocene (24.0 Ma) seafloor palaeotemperatures from the southwestern…1 January, 2001
Planetary wave signatures, with periods of approximately 16, 10 and 5 days have been observed at altitudes ranging from 30 km to 220 km over Halley (76°S, 26°W), Antarctica. A…1 January, 2001
1. Beaver Lake, a large epishelf lake in eastern Antarctica was sampled on two occasions during the austral summer of 2000. Two sites, one 1 km offshore and another 6…1 January, 2001
The lithosphere responds to loading by elastic flexure which is followed by viscous relaxation, the amount of which depends on the stress duration. This study compares results of an Earth…Read more on Effects of a viscoelastic lithosphere on the isostatic bedrock response
1 January, 2001 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
We use a self-gravitating viscoelastic model of the Earth and a dynamically consistent marine ice-sheet model to study the relationships between marine ice-sheet dynamics, relative sea level, basal topography and…1 January, 2001
This paper deals with present-day gravity changes in response to the evolving Greenland ice sheet. We present a detailed computation from a 3-D thermomechanical ice sheet model that is interactively…1 January, 2001 by Lloyd Peck
A series of 10 samples from sediment in and adjacent to a shallow coastal iceberg scour at Signy Island, Antarctica, were taken by hand coring from 17 December 1993 until…1 January, 2001 by Lloyd Peck
The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were measured in several soft-tissue types of the Antarctic soft-shelled clam, Laternula elliptica, which had been collected from…1 January, 2001
Air samples were taken on board the RRS Bransfield (typically for 24−72 h), during an Atlantic cruise from the U.K. to Antarctica in October−December 1998, to investigate the global scale…1 January, 2001
The circadian rhythms of many night-shift workers are maladapted to their imposed behavioural schedule, and this factor may be implicated in the increased occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) reported in…Read more on Postprandial hormone and metabolic responses amongst shift workers in Antarctica
1 January, 2001
The sub-antarctic mite genus Neohyadesia (Acari: Astigmata) is known from two described taxa: N. signyi from Signy Island (South Orkney Islands, South Atlantic Province), and a subspecies, N. s. punctulata…1 January, 2001
Retinal visual fields were determined using an ophthalmoscopic reflex technique in two seabird species of the family Procellariidae: white-chinned petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis and antarctic prion Pachyptila desolata. The binocular fields…1 January, 2001 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
How true is the statement: “The camera never lies”? Trick photography has a long and varied history, and good fakes are extremely difficult to refute. Now computer software makes it…1 January, 2001 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
The meiofaunal tardigrades Milnesium cfr. tardigradum, Echiniscus sp., and Macrobiotus sp. were extracted from high altitude moss and volcanic scoria samples on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Gut contents of mounted Milnesium…1 January, 2001
SuperDARN observations from the interval 1330 UT to 1500 UT, 17 April 1996, are presented. During this interval, five radars covered 12 hours of magnetic local time on the dayside,…Read more on The excitation of convection in the cusp region as observed by the SuperDARN radars
1 January, 2001
Magmatic rocks from the Antarctic Peninsula show marked variations in isotope composition, which reflect changes in the geodynamic evolution of the peninsula through time. Most Antarctic Peninsula granitoids formed as…1 January, 2001
Small numbers of Black-browed Albatross, Thalassarche melanophrys, breed on Campbell Island, New Zealand. Their dark brown irises had previously been used to distinguish them from the more numerous Campbell Albatross,…1 January, 2001 by Eugene Murphy
Variability is a key feature of the pelagic ecosystems of the Southern Ocean and an important aspect of the variation is fluctuation in the abundance of krill Euphausia superba Dana,…1 January, 2001
Between 34 and 15 million years (Myr) ago, when planetary temperatures were 3–4 °C warmer than at present and atmospheric CO2 concentrations were twice as high as today1, the Antarctic…1 January, 2001
The physical characteristics of surface sediments from a suite of pristine lakes on Signy Island, maritime Antarctic, were used to develop a quantitative link between catchment ice-extent and lake-sediment response.…1 January, 2001
Antarctic notothenioid early life history strategies are examined in general and then for common species at South Georgia. Channichthyids, bathydraconids, artedidraconids and some nototheniids have large eggs 3·0–4·9 mm whereas…Read more on Early life history strategies of notothenioids at South Georgia
1 January, 2001
Air monitoring stations Were set up at 2 sites in the southern hemisphere - Moody Brook, Falkland Islands (51 ~ 25' S, 57 ~ 56'W) and Halley, Research Station, Antarctica…Read more on The significance of PCBs in the atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere
1 January, 2001
Extra-pair paternity (EPP) in monogamous birds may result from either extra-pair copulations (EPCs) or mate switching. In this study of King Penguins in South Georgia, we observed no EPCs at…Read more on Mate switching and copulation behaviour in king penguins
1 January, 2001
Tephra layers are interstratified in the ice caps of the South Shetland Islands. Although previously poorly investigated, they are potential targets for the application of tephrochronology and, hence, may provide…1 January, 2001
Three granitoid types are recognised in the Famatinian magmatic belt of NW Argentina, based on lithology and new geochemical data: (a) a minor trondhjemite–tonalite–granodiorite (TTG) group, (b) a metaluminous I-type…1 January, 2001 by Philip Leat
The Earth's convecting upper mantle can be viewed as comprising three main reservoirs, beneath the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. Because of the uneven global distribution and migration of ridges…Read more on Geochemical tracing of Pacific-to-Atlantic upper-mantle flow through the Drake passage
1 January, 2001 by Lloyd Peck
Post-prandial increases in metabolism, the specific dynamic action of feeding (SDA), were evaluated in the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna. O2 consumption rose to a peak value 2.3 times higher than pre-feeding…Read more on Feeding, metabolism and growth in the Antarctic limpet, Nacella concinna (Strebel 1908)
1 January, 2001 by Mervyn Freeman
We report in-situ detection by two spacecraft of oppositely directed jets of plasma emanating from a magnetic reconnection site at the Earth’s dayside magnetopause, confirming a key element inherent in…Read more on Evidence for an extended reconnection line at the dayside magnetopause
1 January, 2001
A total of 151 scientific publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds for 1998 is listed by author. This annual list is produced on behalf of the Bird Biology…Read more on Publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds, 1998
1 January, 2001
A total of 138 scientific publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds for 1999 is listed by author. This annual list is produced on behalf of the Bird Biology…Read more on Publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds, 1999
1 January, 2001
The behaviour postures and their sequences during courtship displays of the Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans at South Georgia are described. Females initiated most display bouts, which began with a series…1 January, 2001
The proportion of Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides, caught around South Georgia in the south-west Atlantic, with empty stomachs was much lower in fish caught in pots compared to longlines (28…Read more on The stomach contents of Patagonian toothfish around South Georgia (South Atlantic)
1 January, 2001 by Michael Pinnock
Previous work has shown that ionospheric HF radar backscatter in the noon sector can be used to locate the footprint of the magnetospheric cusp particle precipitation. This has enabled the…1 January, 2001 by Eric Wolff
Assessing changes in heavymetals concentrations in Antarcticsnow dated from the last century is of high interest to determine to which extent the most remote regions of our planet are contaminated…1 January, 2001
The wood flora from Williams Point, Livingston Island, contains 12 wood types of gymnosperm and angiosperm origin. Recent collections of material have increased the biodiversity of a postulated species-rich vegetation.…1 January, 2001
Early Tertiary sediments of the Antarctic Peninsula region continue to yield a rich assemblage of well-preserved fossil dicotyledonous angiosperm wood. The wood flora under consideration is from the Collins Glacier…1 January, 2001 by Lloyd Peck
Sperm concentration and sperm ageing effects on fertilisation success were evaluated in the laboratory in the free-spawning Antarctic soft-shelled clam Laternula elliptica and Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna. Fertilisation success was…1 January, 2001
The retreat of five small Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves in the late 20th century has been related to regional (possibly anthropogenic) climate warming. We use the record of ice- rafted…1 January, 2001
We present preliminary results of the first detailed surveys of the former Larsen-A Ice Shelf, Larsen Inlet aiid southern Prince Gustav Channel. where disintegration of small ice shelvcs in the…1 January, 2001
Fourteen species of littoral Acari (Arachnida) were collected from the shores of sub-Antarctic Marion Island, of which Parasitiphis brunneus (Kramer) (Ologamasidae), Rhombognathus apsteini Lohmann and R. gressitti Newell (Halacaridae) are…Read more on Littoral Acari of Marion Island: ecology and extreme wave action
1 January, 2001
Data on population size, breeding success and diet composition of gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), magellanic (Spheniscus magellanicus) and rockhopper (Eudyptes chrysocome) penguins, collected as part of the Falkland Island Seabird Monitoring…1 January, 2001
El margen proto-andino de Gondwana ha sido el escenario de al menos dos orogénesis desde el desmembramiento del supercontinente Rodinia al final del Neoprotrozoico, hasta el reagrupamiento de las masas…1 January, 2001
During oceanographic cruises in 1996 and 1998, phytoplankton from 15 stations in the southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean were incubated at ambient temperature and 2 elevated temperatures (ambient…1 January, 2001
Antarctic krill Euphausia superba has a central role in the ecosystem of the Southern Ocean and knowledge of its growth rate is central to determining the factors influencing population dynamics.…Read more on Growth of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba at South Georgia
1 January, 2001
The relationship between krill abundance and predator performance is fundamental to an ecosystem-based approach to resource management. We propose a method using krill sampled from the diet of predators to…1 January, 2001
Long-term changes in the physical environment in the Antarctic Peninsula region have significant potential for affecting populations of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), a keystone food web species. In order to…1 January, 2001 by Teal Riley
Extensive outpourings of basalt, and to a lesser extent rhyolite, are closely associated with continental break-up and plume-lithosphere interactions. The Gondwana supercontinent began to fiagment during Early-Middle Jurassic times and…1 January, 2001 by Philip Leat, Teal Riley
Voluminous rhyolitic volcanism along the palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana was marked by three principal episodes of magmatism. The first of these ( V1) is essentially coincident with the main episode of…1 January, 2001 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck
Seawater temperatures in Antarctica are low, and typically rather stable seasonally. Associated with this, many marine invertebrates have low resting metabolic rates with a limited aerobic scope, and are often…1 January, 2001 by Andrew Clarke
The mean rate of oxygen consumption in fasted Saduriaentomon increased between 4°C and 13°C with a Q10 of 2.33. After feeding, rates of oxygen uptake increased significantly by two- to…1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
It has recently been suggested that successive intense lightning‐electromagnetic pulse (EMP) events could cause significant large‐scale changes to the properties of the nighttime lower ionosphere. In order to examine this…1 January, 2001 by Paul Rodhouse
Squid are short-lived ecological opportunists which generally have a lifespan of about 1 year. Their populations are labile and recruitment variability is driven, to a greater or lesser extent, by…Read more on Managing and forecasting squid fisheries in variable environments
1 January, 2001 by Howard Roscoe
Using a flexible chemical box model with full heterogeneous chemistry, intercepts of chemically modified Langley plots have been computed for the 5 years of zenith-sky NO2 data from Faraday in…1 January, 2001 by Anna Jones, Howard Roscoe
Ozone at Faraday in Antarctica is measured by a ground-based visible spectrometer. Total ozone is deduced from the slant column measurements by means of calculated air-mass factors (AMFs), which have…1 January, 2001 by Howard Roscoe
Sudden loss of tropospheric ozone well above the boundary layer was observed on three occasions at two coastal sites in Antarctica in spring 1995. Back trajectories show that the air…1 January, 2001 by Howard Roscoe
Stratospheric H2O is increasing, and may be responsible for a large part of the observed cooling of the lower stratosphere. Further cooling will lead to more PSCs in the edge…1 January, 2001 by Howard Roscoe
Ozone depletion at mid-latitudes is caused by reactivehalogens from man-made halocarbons. The stratosphericsulphate aerosol which follows large volcaniceruptions enhances (multiplies) this ozone depletion(it has no effect on ozone without halocarbons).…1 January, 2001
New isotopic ages and a fresh understanding of stratigraphic relations among siliciclastic strata in the Pensacola Mountains along the northern margin of the East Antarctic craton result in removal of…1 January, 2001 by Helen Peat, Peter Convey
The morphology, size and characteristics of the pollen of the plant species Antarctic hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica, Poaceae) and Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis, Caryophyllaceae) are described by scanning electron microscopy and…1 January, 2001
A geomorphological sketch map of the Fossil Bluff area, showing the main morphological characteristics was prepared from aerial photographs taken by the British Antarctic Survey in 1995. Landforms and deposits…1 January, 2001 by Eric Wolff
A tentative age scale (EDC1) for the last 45 kyr is established for the new 788‐m EPICA Dome C ice core using a simple ice flow model. The age of…Read more on A tentative chronology for the EPICA Dome Concordia Ice Core
1 January, 2001 by Hugh Corr
The Pine Island Glacier (PIG) transports 69 cubic kilometers of ice each year from ∼10% of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). It is possible that a retreat of the…Read more on Inland Thinning of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica
1 January, 2001
Over 70 lakes have now been identi®ed beneath the Antarctic ice sheet. Although water from none of the lakes has been sampled directly, analysis of lake ice frozen (accreted) to…1 January, 2001
Detrital modes determined on 68 sandstone samples from CRP-3 drillcore indicate a continuation of the dynamic history of uplift-related erosion and unroofing previously documented in CRP-1 and CRP-2/2A. The source…1 January, 2001
Deception Island is the most active volcano in the Antarctic Peninsula region. It is a large basalt–andesite shield volcano with a 10 km-wide restless caldera (Port Foster) and a complicated…Read more on Lithostratigraphy and volcanic evolution of Deception Island, South Shetland Islands
1 January, 2001
The consensus of several geochemical studies is a polygenetic origin for the basic volcanic sequence within the Ballantrae Complex ophiolite. This overall agreement masks differences of opinion regarding local geochemical…1 January, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
From a statistical study of ductedwhistlers observed at Halley, Antarctica, in 1996, which had propagated on paths in the range L=2.5–4.5, we report mean occurrence rates, numbers of components per…Read more on A quantitative estimate of the ducted whistler power within the outer plasmasphere