Found 14065 items
1 July, 2024 by Huw Griffiths
No other group of animals typifies the uniqueness of Antarctic life more than Pycnogonida (sea spiders), with 20% of all known species found in the Southern Ocean, and 64% of…Read more on Antarctica is less isolated with increasing depth – evidence from pycnogonids
1 July, 2024 by Lloyd Peck
Climate change is known to affect the distribution and composition of species, but concomitant alterations to functionally important aspects of behaviour and species-environment relations are poorly constrained. Here, we examine…1 July, 2024 by Josephine Anselin, Paul Holland
Efforts to parameterize ice shelf basal melting within climate models are limited by an incomplete understanding of the influence of ice base slope on the turbulent ice shelf–ocean boundary current…Read more on Ice Base Slope Effects on the Turbulent Ice Shelf–Ocean Boundary Current
1 July, 2024 by Andrew Meijers
Workshop on Antarctic Ice Shelf Processes in Models and Earth Observation.29 June, 2024 by Irene Malmierca Vallet, John Slattery, Louise Sime
Greenland ice core records feature Dansgaard–Oeschger (D-O) events, which are abrupt warming episodes followed by gradual cooling during ice age climate. The three climate models used in this study (CCSM4,…29 June, 2024 by Caroline Holmes, John Turner, Thomas Caton Harrison, Tony Phillips, Tylei Reeves-Francois
We investigate an unusual extensive ice-free feature (EIF) within the pack ice that developed in the central Weddell Sea in December 1980 on the edge of the multi-year sea ice…28 June, 2024 by Kate Hendry
In the Arctic and subarctic oceans, the relatively low supply of silicon (compared to other nutrients) can make it limiting for the growth of diatoms, a fundamental building block of…Read more on Detrital input sustains diatom production off a glaciated Arctic coast
28 June, 2024 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert, Thomas Daggitt
The plasma density is one of the most fundamental quantities of any plasma yet measuring it in space is exceptionally difficult when the density is low. Measurements from particle detectors…25 June, 2024 by Alexander Bradley
Marine ice sheets are highly sensitive to submarine melting in their grounding zones, where they transition between grounded and floating ice. Recently published studies of the complex hydrography of grounding…Read more on Tipping point in ice-sheet grounding-zone melting due to ocean water intrusion
24 June, 2024 by Ben Robinson, David Seaton, Kevin Hughes, Simon Morley
Shallow water Antarctic marine macroepifaunal assemblages live in one of the most naturally disturbed marine environments due to the impact of icebergs scouring the seafloor. They are, however, amongst the…Read more on Measuring the impact of wharf construction on the Antarctic Benthos
24 June, 2024 by David Barnes
The seabed of the Antarctic continental shelf hosts most of Antarctica's known species, including taxa considered indicative of vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs). Nonetheless, the potential impact of climatic and environmental…Read more on Variability in Zoobenthic Blue Carbon storage across a Southern Polar Gradient
22 June, 2024 by Peter Convey
This study characterized cultivable fungi present in sediments obtained from Boeckella Lake, Hope Bay, in the north-east of the Antarctic Peninsula, and evaluated their production of enzymes and biosurfactants of…21 June, 2024 by Andrew Orr, Ella Gilbert, Ruth Price, Thomas Bracegirdle, Tony Phillips
The Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica, experienced an extensive melt event in January 2016. We examine the representation of this event by the HIRHAM5 and MetUM high-resolution regional atmospheric models,…18 June, 2024 by Claire Allen, Victoria Peck
The subantarctic islands of South Georgia are located in the Southern Ocean, and they may be sensitive to future climate warming. However, due to a lack of well-dated subantarctic palaeoclimate…15 June, 2024 by Alistair Monteath
When tracing vegetation dynamics over long timescales, obtaining enough floristic information to gain a detailed understanding of past communities and their transitions can be challenging. The first high-resolution sedimentary DNA…11 June, 2024 by Dorothea Moser, Liz Thomas
Melting polar and alpine ice sheets in response to global warming pose ecological and societal risks but will also hamper our ability to reconstruct past climate and atmospheric composition across…Read more on Melt-Affected Ice Cores for Polar Research in a Warming World
11 June, 2024 by Kate Hendry
The stable silicon isotopic composition of siliceous sponge skeletal elements, spicules, forms a potential proxy for past dissolved silicon (DSi) concentrations of bottom waters. Field-based studies have shown that there…Read more on Spicule morphology impacts stable silicon isotopic composition of sponge archives
8 June, 2024 by Jack Atkinson, Johnathan Ross, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
As the number of satellites on orbit grows it is increasingly important to understand their operating environment. Physics-based models can simulate the behavior of the Earth's radiation belts by solving…5 June, 2024 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Robert Larter
Extensive ice coverage largely prevents investigations of Antarctica’s unglaciated past. Knowledge about environmental and tectonic development before large-scale glaciation, however, is important for understanding the transition into the modern icehouse…Read more on A large-scale transcontinental river system crossed West Antarctica during the Eocene
5 June, 2024 by Peter Convey
In this study, we evaluated the fungal diversity present associated with cores of Oligocene rocks using a DNA metabarcoding approach. We detected 940,969 DNA reads grouped into 198 amplicon sequence…4 June, 2024 by Andrew Clelland, Gareth Marshall
Reanalysis datasets provide a continuous picture of the past climate for every point on Earth. They are especially useful in areas with few direct observations, such as Siberia. However, to…3 June, 2024 by Alexander Bradley, Rosie Williams, David Bett, Paul Holland, Robert Arthern
The Amundsen Sea sector has some of the fastest-thinning ice shelves in Antarctica, caused by high, ocean-driven basal melt rates, which can lead to increased ice streamflow, causing increased sea…3 June, 2024 by Andrew Orr
Accurate ensemble forecasts of heavy precipitation in India are vital for many applications and essential for early warning of damaging flood events, especially during the monsoon season. In this study…2 June, 2024 by Gary Llewellyn
As an unprecedented stream of decametric hyperspectral observations becomes available from recent and upcoming spaceborne missions, effective algorithms are required to retrieve vegetation biophysical and biochemical variables such as leaf…1 June, 2024 by Simon Morley
This study describes the feeding ecology, spatial distribution of each ontogenetic phase and the corresponding plastic debris contamination, in the Caribbean sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon porosus as a function of spatial-temporal…1 June, 2024 by Peter Convey
Aspergillus fumigatus is a common opportunistic pathogen in different animals, including birds such as penguins. For the first time, a fungal strain identified as A. fumigatus was isolated from soil…1 June, 2024 by Anna Belcher, Geraint Tarling, Gabriele Stowasser, Sophie Fielding
The mesopelagic zooplankton community plays an important role in the cycling and sequestration of carbon via the biological pump. However, little is known about the physiology and ecology of key…1 June, 2024 by Emma Woodfield
Beatriz Sanchez-Cano, Emma Woodfield, Sam Rennie and Diego Moral Pombo report on a big meeting reflecting a thriving communityRead more on A bigger broader Autumn MIST [Specialist Discussion Meeting Report]
1 June, 2024 by Jaume Forcada
Inbreeding depression, the loss of offspring fitness due to consanguineous mating, is generally detrimental for individual performance and population viability. We investigated inbreeding effects in a declining population of Antarctic…31 May, 2024 by Peter Convey
The polar regions are undergoing rapid transformations due to global warming, resulting in temperature increases far surpassing the global average and significantly impacting ecosystems, especially freshwater systems. Understanding the implications…Read more on White Paper: Addressing the challenges of global warming for polar freshwater resources
30 May, 2024 by Markus Frey
The Arctic is sensitive to cloud radiative forcing. Due to the limited number of aerosols present throughout much of the year, cloud formation is susceptible to the presence of cloud…Read more on Characteristics and sources of fluorescent aerosols in the central Arctic Ocean
29 May, 2024 by Anna Jones, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are the most pristine areas of the globe and represent ideal places to investigate aerosol-climate interactions in an unperturbed atmosphere. In this study, we present…28 May, 2024 by Markus Frey, Robert Mulvaney, Holly Winton
Within the framework of the Isotopic Constraints on Past Ozone Layer in Polar Ice (ISOL-ICE) project, we present initial ice core results from the new ISOL-ICE ice core covering the…28 May, 2024 by Pierre Dutrieux
The Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers are the two largest contributors to sea level rise from Antarctica. Here we examine the influence of basal friction and ice shelf basal melt…23 May, 2024 by Xin Yang
This study explores the role of snowpack in polar boundary layer chemistry, especially as a direct source of reactive bromine (BrOx = BrO + Br) and nitrogen (NOx = NO + NO2) in the Arctic springtime. Surface snow…23 May, 2024 by Dave Munday
Ambiguity over the Eocene opening times of the Tasman Gateway and Drake Passage makes it difficult to determine the initiation time of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. If the Tasman Gateway…22 May, 2024 by Alex Brisbourne, Andy Smith, Ed King, Rebecca Schlegel
The accuracy of sea-level rise predictions is highly dependent on reliably understanding the subglacial environment beneath ice streams. Bedforms result from the interaction between ice and its substrate, and therefore…Read more on Subglacial bedform and moat initiation beneath Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica
20 May, 2024 by Alice Clement, David Barnes, Lloyd Peck, Ryan Mathews, Simon Morley
Compared with low latitude coasts, many polar latitudes are still little impacted by intense and direct anthropogenic stressors. Climate forcing is now bringing rapid physical change to nearshore polar realms.…Read more on Trajectory of increased iceberg kill-off in West Antarctica’s shallows [Correspondence]
20 May, 2024 by Caroline Holmes, Louise Sime
In 2023, Antarctic sea-ice extent (SIE) reached record lows, with winter SIE falling to 2.5Mkm2 below the satellite era average. With this multi-model study, we investigate the occurrence of anomalies…18 May, 2024 by Richard Phillips, William Mills
Mercury (Hg) is an environmental contaminant that can negatively impact the health of humans and wildlife. Albatrosses and large petrels show some of the highest levels of Hg contamination among…16 May, 2024
Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the Agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ)—the…Read more on Taking climate-smart governance to the high seas
15 May, 2024 by Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
The Near-Earth Space Radiation and Plasma Environment falls within the realm of G3 Cluster (G3 refers to ‘Near-Earth Radiation and Plasma Environment’ of the ‘Coupled Geospace System’) under the COSPAR…10 May, 2024 by Geraint Tarling, Patrick Keith, Ryan Saunders, Simeon Hill
A primary response of many marine ectotherms to warming is a reduction in body size, to lower the metabolic costs associated with higher temperatures. The impact of such changes on…Read more on Temperature alters the size selectivity of Southern Ocean fish
8 May, 2024 by Michael Haigh, Paul Holland
The ice streams flowing into the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica, are losing mass due to changes in oceanic basal melting of their floating ice shelves. Rapid ice-shelf melting is sustained…7 May, 2024 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James Smith
Silt-rich meltwater plume deposits (MPDs) analyzed from marine sediment cores have elucidated relationships that are clearly connected, yet difficult to constrain, between subglacial hydrology, ice-marginal landforms, and grounding-zone retreat patterns…Read more on Insights into glacial processes from micromorphology of silt-sized sediment
7 May, 2024 by Julien Bodart, Tom Jordan
The subglacial landscape of Antarctica records and influences the behaviour of its overlying ice sheet. However, in many places, the evolution of the landscape and its control on ice sheet…4 May, 2024 by Siddharth Gumber
This paper provides the first observational analysis of how droplet separation is impacted by the flinging action of microscale vortices in turbulent clouds over a select radii range and how…Read more on Turbulence-induced droplet grouping and augmented rain formation in cumulus clouds
1 May, 2024 by Peter Convey
1. During the 2022/2023 austral winter, large swarms of Trichocera (Saltrichocera) maculipennis Meigen, 1818 (Diptera: Trichoceridae), were observed around house roofs in Puerto Williams (Navarino Island, southern Chile, 54° S). In…1 May, 2024 by Peter Convey
Bryum is a moss genus that is widely distributed across the planet. Many of its species are characterized by large phenotypic and morphological plasticity, generating uncertainty in species identification exclusively…1 May, 2024 by Andrew Fleming, Scott Hosking, Jeremy Wilkinson, Maria Fox, Martin Rogers
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery is the primary data type used for sea ice mapping due to its spatiotemporal coverage and the ability to detect sea ice independent of cloud…Read more on Sea ice detection using concurrent multispectral and synthetic aperture radar imagery
1 May, 2024 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James Smith
Beryllium-10 (10Be) is proposed to be a potential proxy for investigating ice shelf presence and absence, or meltwater discharge in coastal polar environments. However, the sources and distribution of atmospherically…1 May, 2024 by Richard Phillips
Bycatch in fisheries is a key threat to non-target marine species, particularly for those species that have life histories with low productivity or poor conservation status. In this paper, the…1 May, 2024 by Richard Phillips
Information available on impacts of fisheries on target or bycatch species varies greatly, requiring development of risk assessment tools to determine potentially unacceptable levels. Seabirds, marine mammals, marine turtles and…1 May, 2024 by Mark Clilverd
Large geomagnetic storms are a space weather hazard to power transmission networks due to the effects of Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs). GIC can negatively impact power transmission systems through the…1 May, 2024 by Andrew Fleming, Louise Ireland, Philip Trathan
We tracked adult emperor penguins from Rothschild Island, west Antarctic Peninsula in 2015/2016 during a summer with extensive sea ice of long duration, contrasting with past years of reduced sea…30 April, 2024 by Andrew Meijers, Elaina Ford, Povl Abrahamsen, Ruta Hamilton
The four cross cutting themes (storylines) of OCEAN:ICE are: The ‘Antarctic Bottom Water’ theme, led by Povl Abrahamsen (UKRI-BAS). The ‘Deep Uncertainty in Freshwater Fluxes (DUFF)’ theme, led…Read more on OCEAN:ICE WP8 annual storyline meeting 2 (Milestone MS24)
26 April, 2024 by Clara Manno
Pteropods are a group of cosmopolitan holoplanktic gastropods that produce an aragonite shell and play an important role in both marine ecosystems and geochemical cycles. In addition to being affected…24 April, 2024 by Martin Collins
We present a genome assembly from an individual Notothenia rossii (the marbled rockcod; Chordata; Actinopterygii; Perciformes; Nototheniidae). The genome sequence is 1,042.9 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is…24 April, 2024 by Peter Convey
Pharmaceuticals are therapeutic drugs used to treat or prevent human or animal diseases. The incomplete breakdown of these drugs in the body can lead to their release into the environment…24 April, 2024 by Tracy Moffat-Griffin
The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha′apai volcano erupted on 15 January 2022, launching Lamb waves and gravity waves into the atmosphere. In this study, we present results using 13 globally distributed meteor…23 April, 2024 by Alexander Lozinski, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
The proton radiation belt contains high fluxes of adiabatically trapped protons varying in energy from ∼one to hundreds of megaelectron volts (MeV). At large radial distances, magnetospheric field lines become…23 April, 2024 by Mark Clilverd
From a distance, we perceive the Sun as an unchanging source of light. While this is functionally true on a day-to-day human level, at a scientific level, the Sun has…Read more on Space Weather: A Global Hazard from Space to New Zealand’s Technological Infrastructure
22 April, 2024 by Kaitlin Naughten
Glaciers along the Amundsen Sea coastline in West Antarctica are dynamically adjusting to a change in ice-shelf mass balance that triggered their retreat and speed-up prior to the satellite era.…Read more on Geometric amplification and suppression of ice-shelf basal melt in West Antarctica
18 April, 2024 by Povl Abrahamsen, Geraint Tarling, Ryan Saunders, Sally Thorpe, Victoria Fowler
Kaartvedt et al. (2024; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 734:173–175) comment on the role internal waves played in the findings of Dewar-Fowler et al. (2023; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 715:27–39) that…17 April, 2024 by Gaelle Veyssiere, Jeremy Wilkinson
As Arctic sea ice and its overlying snow cover thin, more light penetrates into the ice and upper ocean, shifting the phenology of algal growth within the bottom of sea…Read more on Mapping Potential Timing of Ice Algal Blooms From Satellite
16 April, 2024 by Caroline Holmes, Jeremy Wilkinson, John Turner
The 2023 Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) maximum on 7 September was the lowest annual maximum in the satellite era (16.98 × 106 km2), with the largest contributions to the…16 April, 2024 by Ramesh Karanam, Tracy Moffat-Griffin
Long-term variabilities of monthly zonal (U) and meridional winds (V) in northern polar mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT, ∼80–100 km) are investigated using meteor radar observations during 1999–2022 over Esrange…16 April, 2024 by Mark Clilverd
The October effect is known as a rapid and strong decrease in the signal amplitude of radio waves with very low frequency (VLF), reflected at the lowest edge of the…Read more on Why Does the October Effect Not Occur at Night?
16 April, 2024 by Marie Attard
Functional trade-offs can affect patterns of morphological and ecological evolution as well as the magnitude of morphological changes through evolutionary time. Using morpho-functional landscape modelling on the cranium of 132…15 April, 2024 by Simon Morley
The Southern Ocean and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current create environmental conditions that serve as an efficient barrier to prevent the colonization of non-native species (NNS) in the marine ecosystems of…12 April, 2024 by Martin Collins
We present a genome assembly from a Melanostigma gelatinosum (the limp eelpout; Chordata; Actinopterygii; Perciformes; Zoarcidae). The genome sequence is 662.0 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded…11 April, 2024 by Clara Manno
Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum is the most abundant pelagic fish in the High Antarctic shelf waters of the Southern Ocean, where it plays a pivotal role in the trophic web…11 April, 2024 by Yavor Kostov
We explore historical variability in the volume of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) using ECCO, an ocean state estimate configuration of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). The…Read more on Surface factors controlling the volume of accumulated Labrador Sea Water
4 April, 2024 by Peter Convey
We assessed the fungal diversity present in snow sampled during summer in the north-west Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctica using a metabarcoding approach. A total of…3 April, 2024 by Paul Holland
Growing evidence has confirmed the critical role played by basal channels beneath Antarctic ice shelves in both ice shelf stability and freshwater input to the surrounding ocean. Here we show,…Read more on Ice shelf basal channel shape determines channelized ice-ocean interactions
1 April, 2024 by Marie Attard
The amniote eggshell is a fundamental aspect of the embryo life-support system, protecting it from UV light, microbes and mechanical damage, while regulating gas exchange and providing calcium for growth.…Read more on Global diversity and adaptations of avian eggshell thickness indices
1 April, 2024 by Peter Convey
Snow is a unique microhabitat, despite being a harsh environment, multiple life forms have adapted to survive in it. While algae, bacteria and fungi are dominant microorganisms in Antarctic snow,…1 April, 2024 by Andrew Wood, Danielle Buss, Jennifer Jackson, Martin Collins
The sub-Antarctic waters of South Georgia Island (Islas Georgias del Sur, SG/IG) are a regularly visited feeding ground for southern right whales (Eubalaena australis, SRW) in the southwest Atlantic. Satellite…1 April, 2024 by Kayleigh Jones
Intraguild predation, where a dominant predator kills and consumes a subordinate predator that is a potential competitor, is taxonomically and geographically widespread among mammalian carnivores (Palomares & Caro, 1999; Polis…1 April, 2024 by Andrew Orr, Gareth Marshall, Nadine Johnston, Ryan Williams
A main source of regional climate change uncertainty is the large disparity across models in simulating the atmospheric circulation response to global warming. Using the latest suite of global climate…1 April, 2024 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Large-scale geological structures have controlled the long-term development of the bed and thus the flow of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). However, complete ice cover has obscured the age…1 April, 2024 by Dominic Hodgson
Limited understanding of how Indigenous people have created and managed the Australian landscape continues to have repercussions on how landscapes are culturally interpreted and managed today. Addressing this is critically…1 April, 2024 by Simon Morley
It is generally acknowledged that microplastic pollutants are prevalent in ocean waters and sediments across a range of tropical, temperate, subpolar, and polar regions. The waters surrounding King George Island…1 April, 2024 by Richard Horne
Observations from Van Allen Probes are analyzed to obtain the statistical wave normal distribution of lightning-generated whistlers (LGWs). An automatic algorithm is developed to identify burst mode waveform data with…1 April, 2024 by Huw Griffiths
The Antarctic seaspider Pentanymphon antarcticum is a benthic species in the Southern Ocean, but little is known about its pathogen profile. In this study, we provide a draft genome for…Read more on An iridovirus from the Antarctic seaspider Pentanymphon antarcticum (Pycnogonida)
1 April, 2024 by Gareth Chisham
The boundaries of the auroral oval and auroral electrojets are an important source of information for understanding the coupling between the solar wind and the near-earth plasma environment. Of these…Read more on A Comparison of Auroral Oval Proxies With the Boundaries of the Auroral Electrojets
1 April, 2024 by Andrew Kavanagh, Tracy Moffat-Griffin
Gravity waves (GWs) play an important role in the dynamics and energetics of the mesosphere. Geomagnetic activity is a known source of GWs in the upper atmosphere. However, how deep…Read more on Observations of mesospheric gravity waves generated by geomagnetic activity
1 April, 2024 by Carlos Martin Garcia
We investigate two ice rises, Kupol Moskovskij and Kupol Ciolkovskogo, in the Fimbul Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, situated ~60 km from each other but differing in their glaciological settings. We…29 March, 2024 by Markus Frey
We conducted an experiment comparing wind speeds and aerodynamic roughness length (z0) values over three snow surface conditions, including a flat smooth surface, a wavy smooth surface, and a wavy…29 March, 2024 by Elaine Fitzcharles, Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark, Rebecca Smith, Rose Stainthorp, Simon Morley
Antarctic marine ectotherms live in the constant cold and are characterised by limited resilience to elevated temperature. Here we tested three of the central paradigms underlying this resilience. Firstly, we…29 March, 2024 by Jennifer Jackson
Among large cetaceans in the Southern Hemisphere, fin whales were the most heavily exploited in terms of numbers taken during the period of intense industrial whaling. Recent studies suggest that,…28 March, 2024 by Thomas Lachlan-Cope
In airborne data or model outputs, clouds are often defined using information about Liquid Water Content (LWC). Unfortunately LWC is not enough to retrieve information about the dynamical boundary of…28 March, 2024 by Peter Convey
Biological invasions are one of the main drivers of global biodiversity decline. At the same time, glacial retreat induced by climate warming is occurring at an alarming rate across the…27 March, 2024 by Jaume Forcada
Despite decades of research, surprisingly little is known about the mechanism(s) by which an individual's genotype is encoded in odour. Many studies have focused on the role of the major…27 March, 2024 by Alex Burton-Johnson, Teal Riley
Radiogenic isotopic compositions of arc magmas are a key tool for studying active margin evolution. They have two isotopic end-members: melts formed mostly from juvenile asthenosphere and melts sourced from…Read more on A temporal control on the isotopic compositions of the Antarctic Peninsula arc
22 March, 2024 by Richard Phillips
Background Migratory birds generally have tightly scheduled annual cycles, in which delays can have carry-over effects on the timing of later events, ultimately impacting reproductive output. Whether temporal carry-over effects…22 March, 2024 by Povl Abrahamsen
Mooring deployments. Partner in charge of delivery of the milestone: UKRI-BAS.Read more on Deployment of moorings in South Sandwich Trench (Milestone MS9)
16 March, 2024 by Claire Allen, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Provenance records from sediments deposited offshore of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) can help identify past major ice retreat, thus constraining ice-sheet models projecting future sea-level rise. Interpretations from…