Showing 11862 items
1 January, 2002 by Richard Horne
[1] Relativistic (> 1 MeV) 'killer electrons' are frequently generated in the Earth's inner magnetosphere during the recovery phase of a typical magnetic storm. We test the hypothesis that the…1 January, 2002
The vertical migration of Calanus finmarchicus and krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica and Thysanoessa raschii) was monitored during the summer of 1999 in the Clyde Sea using a combination of acoustic and…1 January, 2002 by Sally Thorpe
SouthGeorgia (∼54°S, 37°W) is an island in the eastern Scotia Sea, South Atlantic that lies in the path of the AntarcticCircumpolarCurrent (ACC). The southern ACC front (SACCF), one of three…Read more on Variability of the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current front north of South Georgia
1 January, 2002
The Cape Melville Formation (CMF), exposed on southeastern King George Island, South Shetland Islands, provides rare evidence of extensive earliest Miocene glaciation in the Antarctic Peninsula region. The formation records…1 January, 2002
The middle to late Oligocene Polonez Cove Formation, exposed on south-eastern King George Island, South Shetland Islands, provides rare evidence of mid-Cenozoic West Antarctic cryosphere evolution. A revised lithostratigraphy and…1 January, 2002 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Robert Mulvaney, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Measurements from ice cores and snow pits collected over the last 50 years are used to examine how net surface mass balance varies across the Antarctic Peninsula to give the…Read more on Spatial variability of Antarctic Peninsula net surface mass balance
1 January, 2002 by Robert Larter
The first swath bathymetry and side-scan sonar imagery from the South Sandwich forearc reveals detailed seafloor morphology, tectonic fabric, and sedimentary features in an area where plate convergence is approximately…1 January, 2002 by Robert Larter
We present the first multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection line that crosses the South Sandwich Trench, South Sandwich island arc, and East Scotia Sea backarc basin. The line is used in…1 January, 2002
Ar–Ar dating of high-strain ductile mylonites of the Eastern Palmer Land Shear Zone in the southern Antarctic Peninsula indicates that reverse movement on the shear zone occurred in late Early…1 January, 2002
New structural and age data suggest that West Gondwana may have been at lower palaeolatitudes than previously interpreted from Albian sequences in Gondwana marginal suspect terranes. The Palmer Land event,…1 January, 2002 by David Vaughan
Complete collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) would raise global sea level by around 5 m, but whether collapse is likely, or even possible, has been `glaciology's grand…Read more on Risk estimation of collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet
1 January, 2002 by Martin Collins
Cirrate octopods are conspicuous members of the benthopelagic and bathypelagic communities and include some of the largest invertebrates of the deep-sea. Although they have often been considered to be rare…Read more on Systematics, ecology and biology of cirrate octopods: a workshop report
1 January, 2002 by Michael Pinnock
During a period of extremely quiet solar wind conditions from 8 to 10 March 1997, strong activity was observed by the Southern Hemisphere Auroral Radar Experiment Super Dual Auroral Radar…1 January, 2002 by Dominic Hodgson
The authenticity of hydroxychlorophyllderivatives in sediments has been verified by subjecting pure chlorophyll preparations to the extraction method used for sediments. Model studies of chlorophyll autoxidation reveal hydroxychlorophyll as the…Read more on Origin and significance of 13(2)-hydroxychlorophyll derivatives in sediments
1 January, 2002 by Peter Convey
There is now ample evidence of the ecological impacts of recent climate change, from polar terrestrial to tropical marine environments. The responses of both flora and fauna span an array…1 January, 2002 by Eugene Murphy, Jonathan Watkins, Michael Meredith, Peter Ward, Sally Thorpe
The coupling of physics and biology was examined along a 160 km long transect running out from the north coast of South Georgia Island and crossing the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar…1 January, 2002 by Mervyn Freeman, Richard Horne
Analytical estimates of resistivity due to electrostatic current-driven ion-acoustic waves are compared with Vlasov simulation results. Particular attention is given to the case of similar ion and electron temperatures that…Read more on Ion-acoustic resistivity in plasmas with similar ion and electron temperatures
1 January, 2002 by Anna Jones
NO, NOy (total reactive nitrogen oxides), gaseous HNO3, and particulate nitrate (p-NO3−) were measured at Neumayer Station from February 1999 to January 2000. In addition, during February 1999, the NOy…Read more on Seasonality of reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) at Neumayer Station, Antarctica
1 January, 2002
Hydrothermal alteration in volcanic arcs occurs in many settings and may involve magmatic, marine, lacustrine or groundwaters, driven by magmatic, tectonic or thermal events. King George Island, part of the…1 January, 2002
An expanded Oligocene-Miocene boundary interval recovered in the Cape Roberts Project CRP-2A core from beneath the Ross Sea, Antarctica, has yielded a high-resolution integrated chrono stratigraphy that has, in turn,…1 January, 2002 by Andrew Clarke, Peter Ward
Diversity and structure of copepod assemblages were investigated using 259 WP2 zooplankton samples collected from the top 200 m of the Atlantic Ocean between 60°N and 63°S. Whilst richness at…1 January, 2002
Solar radiation is the primary energy source for surface planetary life, so that pigments are fundamental components of any surface-dwelling organism. They may therefore have evolved in some form on…1 January, 2002
The launch of a new journal is appropriately like a space mission. It is the result of a scientific need, the inspiration of a group of committed scientists and technologists,…Read more on Editorial: The International Journal of Astrobiology
1 January, 2002 by Paul Rodhouse
The cephalopod component of the diet of Patagonian toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides, around South Georgia was analysed from stomach contents collected between March and May 2000. Cephalopods occurred in 7% of…1 January, 2002 by Paul Rodhouse
In Southwest Atlantic waters, the short-finned squid Illex argentinus is distributed along the Patagonian shelf and slope, from approximately 22° to 54°S ( Haimovici et al., 1998). I. argentinus has…1 January, 2002
Latitudinal and diurnal distributions of spectral power and spatial coherency parameters of the geomagnetic variations in the Pc5-6 (1–6 mHz) frequency range are analyzed using data of magnetometer stations in…1 January, 2002 by Martin Collins
The scavenging megafauna of the South Georgia and Shag Rocks slope in the south-west Atlantic (625-15 19 m) were investigated using autonomous baited camera systems. Two surveys were conducted: the…Read more on Scavenging by megabenthos and demersal fish on the South Georgia slope
1 January, 2002 by John King
Practically oriented flux-calculation techniques based on correction functions to the neutral drag and heat/mass transfer coefficients are further developed. In the traditional formulation, the correction functions depend only on the…1 January, 2002 by Robert Mulvaney
A medium-length ice core was drilled at the ice divide on the Lomonosovfonna plateau (1230 m a.s.l.),Svalbard, in May1997.As part of this project, temperature measurements were performed in the 120…1 January, 2002
Geophysical data from the Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf reveal streamlined subglacial bedforms in a cross-shelf trough. Bedforms exhibit progressive elongation with distance along the trough, and record flow of a…1 January, 2002
Operation Chastise, more often known as the ‘Dambusters raids’, was one of the most audacious aerial military operations of the Second World War, in that it made use of operationally…Read more on The science and scientific legacy of Operation Chastise
1 December, 2001
Unlike previous missions to the magnetotail (IMP 6, ISEE 1, ISEE 3, and Geotail), which effectively made observations in the lobe at a single downtail distance, the Cassini Earth swingby…1 December, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
It has been suggested that quasi-electrostatic electric fields from thunderclouds might produce whistler ducts by driving plasma interchange of geomagnetic flux tubes. Using lightning activity as a proxy for the…Read more on Investigating the possible association between thunderclouds and plasmaspheric ducts
1 December, 2001 by Gareth Chisham, Mervyn Freeman, Michael Pinnock
This paper sets out a critical test of the antiparallel merging hypothesis. For the conflicting theories of antiparallel and subsolar reconnection, we model the location of reconnection regions on the…Read more on An ionospheric convection signature of antiparallel reconnection
1 December, 2001 by Mervyn Freeman
Auroral spirals are the largest vortex structures that appear in auroral arcs. Their diameters vary from tens to hundreds of kilometers. We have collected an all-sky camera data set of…1 December, 2001
On August 18, 1999, Cassini flew by the Earth on its way to Saturn. The Cassini Earth swing-by was the fastest traversal of the Earth's magnetosphere to date. The spacecraft…1 October, 2001 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Ice‐sheet flows can be channelled by perturbations in the basal topography or in the sliding coefficient. These lead to spatial variation in the steady profile, the flux and the dissipative…Read more on Influence of channelling on heating in ice-sheet flows
15 September, 2001 by Keith Nicholls
This is the first large-scale modeling study of iceberg trajectories and melt rates in the Southern Ocean. An iceberg model was seeded with climatological iceberg calving rates based on a…Read more on Iceberg trajectory modeling and meltwater injection in the Southern Ocean
1 September, 2001 by Robert Mulvaney
The atmospheric trend of methane isotopic ratios since the mid-20th century has been reconstructed from Antarctic firn air. High volume air samples were extracted at several depth levels at two…31 July, 2001
A considerable fraction of the solar wind energy that crosses the magnetopause ends up in the high-latitude thermo sphere-io no sphere system as a result of Joule heating, the consequences…Read more on The variability of Joule heating and its effects on the ionosphere and thermosphere
1 July, 2001 by Mai Mai Lam
This paper tests the Araki [1994] computational model of the Earth-ionosphere system during geomagnetic sudden commencement (sc). In particular, we test the model's ability to predict the signs of the…Read more on A case study test of Araki’s physical model of geomagnetic sudden commencement
1 July, 2001 by Richard Horne
Intense interest currently exists in determining the roles played by various wave-particle interactions in the acceleration of electrons to relativistic energies during/following geomagnetic storms. Here we present a survey of…15 June, 2001 by Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
We have made oceanographic measurements at two sites beneath the southern Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. Hot-water drilled access holes were made during January 1999, allowing conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiling and the deployment…10 June, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins, Andy Smith, David Vaughan, Hugh Corr, Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Measurements of ice thickness on the Antarctic ice sheet collected during surveys undertaken over the past 50 years have been brought together into a single database. From these data, a…Read more on BEDMAP: A new ice thickness and subglacial topographic model of Antarctica
1 June, 2001 by Peter Kirsch
Results from an intercomparison campaign of ultraviolet spectroradiometers that was organized at Nea Michaniona, Greece July, 1–13 1997, are presented. Nineteen instrument systems from 15 different countries took part and…Read more on SUSPEN intercomparison of ultraviolet spectroradiometers
1 June, 2001 by Adrian Jenkins, Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
We use an ice‐sheet model to show that (i) margins of marine ice‐sheets can be expected to be frozen to the bed, except where ice‐streams discharge; (ii) 20–50km retreats induced…Read more on Centurial‐millenial ice‐rafted debris pulses from ablating marine ice sheets
27 May, 2001 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
In polar regions, satellite microwave radiometry has not been successful in measuring the total water vapor (TWV) in the atmosphere. The difficulties faced in these regions arise from the very…1 April, 2001 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff
It has been shown that NOx is produced photochemically within the snowpack of polar regions. If emitted to the atmosphere, this process could be a major source of NOx in…Read more on Measurements of NOx emissions from the Antarctic snowpack
1 April, 2001 by Michael Meredith
Two hydrographic and δ18O transects across Fram Strait (Aug–Sept 1997, 1998) are used to examine freshwater contributions to the East Greenland Current (EGC). The EGC featured up to ∼16% meteoric…Read more on Freshwater fluxes through the western Fram Strait
1 March, 2001
We report simultaneous measurements of the O2(¹Δ) and O2(¹Σ) airglow volume emission rate profiles in the daytime mesosphere. We use these measurements to derive ozone concentrations separately from each airglow.…1 February, 2001 by Anna Jones, Howard Roscoe
Calculations of equivalent length from an artificial advected tracer provide new insight into the isentropic transport processes occurring within the Antarctic stratospheric vortex. These calculations show two distinct regions of…1 January, 2001 by John King
The Ronne polynya formed in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, during the period November 1997-February 1998 to an extent not seen previously in the 25 years of all-weather satellite observations. The…Read more on The Ronne polynya of 1997/98: observations of air-ice-ocean interaction
1 January, 2001 by Paul Rodhouse
A comprehensive study of octopodids in the Weddell Sea was conducted during cruise ANT XIII/3 of RV "Polarstern". The study yielded eight species or incirrate octopodids, three of which were…Read more on A study on octopodids from the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica
1 January, 2001
The relationship between fitness and parental similarity has been dominated by studies of how inbreeding depression lowers fecundity in incestuous matings. A widespread implicit assumption is that adult fitness (reproduction)…Read more on The influence of parental relatedness on reproductive success
1 January, 2001 by Paul Rodhouse
Exploited populations of ommastrephidsquid are found under a wide range of oceanographic regimes. However, to date most scientific attention has focussed on those found in northern hemisphere western boundary current…1 January, 2001 by Paul Rodhouse
Age, growth and populationstructure of the jumboflyingsquid, Dosidicusgigas, from the jig fishery in Peruvianwaters in 1992 were determined by reading daily increments in ground and polished sections of statoliths. The…1 January, 2001
An experiment involving the supplementary feeding of pups was conducted on Antarctic fur seals to investigate the factors influencing maternal foraging-attendance cycles and the differential use of nutritional resources for…1 January, 2001
The metabolism of 52–73-day old Antarcticfursealpups from Bird Island, South Georgia, was investigated during fasting periods of normal duration while their mothers were at sea foraging. Body mass decreased exponentially…Read more on Fasting metabolism in Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups
1 January, 2001
Age composition is fundamental to understanding the population dynamics and productivity of a fish stock. The use of scales to estimate age can result in large errors in age data…1 January, 2001
Given the importance of copepods in the Southern Ocean food web, there are few assessments of their N budgets or their role in regenerating N. In this study we measured…Read more on Ammonium regeneration by Antarctic mesozooplankton: an allometric approach
1 January, 2001 by Peter Ward
The South Georgia region is characterised by high biomass and productivity of phytoplankton, zooplankton and vertebrate predators. Important commercial fisheries have been based at the island since the late 1700s,…Read more on South Georgia, Antarctica: a productive, cold water pelagic ecosystem
1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland, William Block
The sub-AntarcticbeetleHydromedion sparsutum (Coleoptera, Perimylopidae) is common locally on the island of South Georgia where sub-zero temperatures can be experienced in any month of the year. Larvae were known to…1 January, 2001
This paper reports briefly an attempt to examine the tectonic evolution of the Scotia Sea region, in the context of the use of broad-band seismological techniques there. Such techniques can…Read more on Evolution of the Scotia Sea region: relevance to broad-band seismology
1 January, 2001
The ScotiaSea and surrounding Scotia Arc have evolved over the past 40 Ma, by extension behind an east-migrating subduction zone, at the boundary between the South American (SAM) and Antarctic…1 January, 2001 by Rod Arnold
Overgrowth competition, sub-lethal mortality (some zooids killed but colony survives) and subsequent growth from fragments, and diversity of communities encrusting rocks (pebble through to boulder size) were examined from five…1 January, 2001 by Rod Arnold
The Madagascar coast (both) has a higher density and diversity of hermit crabs than is known from any other localiy in the western Indian Ocean. Of the 20 species occurring…Read more on Ecology of subtropical hermit crabs in S.W. Madagascar: cluster structure and function
1 January, 2001 by Rod Arnold
Growth and mortality of 3 species (Inversiula nutrix, Celleporella bougainvillei, Fenestrulina rugula) of encrusting bryozoans were examined from 5 Antarctic localities, along a latitudinal gradient. Typically, growth in marine invertebrates…1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland, William Block
The effect of different culture methods, cold acclimation and desiccation on the supercooling point (SCP), the melting point (MP) of fluids and the quantity of water freezing (osmotically active water)…Read more on Experimental studies on cold survival of enchytraeid cocoons
1 January, 2001 by Richard Phillips
This study combines conventional dietary assessment with stable isotope techniques to describe Great Skua (Stercorarius skua) diet. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in feathers of Great Skua chicks collected…1 January, 2001
The adaptation of Imaging Doppler Interferometry (IDI) to the dynasonde deployed at the Bear Lake Observatory (41.9°N, 111.4°W) in northeastern Utah enables the routine measurement of mesospheric dynamics. Influenced by…1 January, 2001
We investigated foraging behavior of Wandering Albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) breeding at South Georgia to assess how sex and season-specific foraging patterns relate to provisioning performance. We estimated Wandering Albatross chicks…1 January, 2001 by Peter Convey, William Block
Body-water content of field-fresh samples of the springtail, Cryptopygus antarcticus Willem (Collembola, Isotomidae) was measured at monthly intervals over 11 years (1984–1995) at Signy Island, in the maritime Antarctic. A…1 January, 2001 by Roger Worland, William Block
Ice nucleation was studied in field-fresh and acclimated (4°C without food for 11–20 days) samples of the springtail Cryptopygus antarcticus Willem (Collembola, Isotomidae) at Rothera Research Station, Adelaide Island on…1 January, 2001 by Iain Staniland
The study aimed to test the utility of instruments deployed on marine mammals for measuring physical oceanographic variation and, using this method, to examine temperature variation in the coastal waters…Read more on Measurement of ocean temperatures using instruments carried by Antarctic fur seals
1 January, 2001
1 This study examined the changing status of the marine ecosystem at the island of South Georgia (Southern Ocean) using up to 27 variables measured over 22 years from three…Read more on Monitoring a marine ecosystem using responses of upper trophic level predators
1 January, 2001
Multi-frequency acoustic data (18, 38 and 120 kHz) were collected in conjunction with pelagic trawl sampling for gelatinous macrozooplankton during a cruise to the Namibian Benguela in September 1999. Sampling…Read more on Acoustic observations of jellyfish in the Namibian Benguela
1 January, 2001
The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Autosub-1 made observations of the sea surface with an upward-looking echosounder during fish surveys in the vicinity of Shetland and Orkney (North Sea) in July…1 January, 2001 by Andrew Clarke
The seasonal pattern of food intake and tissue energy status was measured over a 2 year period for two populations of the common Antarctic echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri living on contrasting…1 January, 2001
Seasonal changes in feeding activity, metabolic rate and major tissue energy concentrations of the infaunal bivalve Laternula elliptica were monitored over a 12 degrees month period in relation to phytoplankton…1 January, 2001 by Andrew Clarke
Many benthic marine invertebrates exhibit a seasonal cycle in activities such as feeding, growth and reproduction. In temperate regions, this seasonality is typically correlated with coincident cycles in photoperiod, temperature…1 January, 2001 by Lloyd Peck
Oxygen consumption (MO2) and ammonium excretion rates were recorded monthly over 2 yr for the regular Antarctic echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri to investigate metabolic activity in relation to seasonal food limitation…1 January, 2001
Bathymetric and seismic data show that the southernmost segment of the EastScotia Ridge (segment E9) is anomalous in its curved plan form, and in the presence of a large axial…1 January, 2001
The population structure of black-browed (Thalassarche melanophris and T. impavida) and grey-headed (T. chrysostoma) albatrosses was examined using both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and microsatellite analyses. mtDNA sequences from 73 black-browed…1 January, 2001
The discovery of gullies and debris aprons raises the question of the existence of aqueousenvironments on Mars in recent geological times and its astrobiological implications. Three cases of such environments…Read more on Recent aqueous environments in Martian impact craters: an astrobiological perspective
1 January, 2001
A single fossil leaf of Nothofagus from CRP-3 drillhole in the Victoria Land Basin provides further evidence for woody vegetation in the Tertiary of East Antarctica. The plicate vernation of…1 January, 2001
Coniferous foliage from the Albian of AlexanderIsland, Antarctica, is assigned to the Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, and Taxodiaceae based on attached or associated fertile remains. Araucarian foliage represented by Araucaria alexandrensis sp.…1 January, 2001
Whistler-mode waves propagating to ground stations along geomagnetic-field-aligned paths provide powerful tools for investigating bulk motions of the magnetospheric plasma and thus the corresponding convection electric fields. Natural whistlers from…1 January, 2001
New data suggest that the eastern margin of the Argentine Precordillera terrane comprises Grenvillian basement and a sedimentary cover derived from it that were together affected by Middle Ordovician deformation…1 January, 2001 by John King
Calculated surface fluxes from seven surface layer parameterizations are verified against 45 months of observations from Halley, Antarctica, with a temporal resolution of 1 h. The surface layer parameterizations are…