Showing 11923 items
1 January, 2002
Three new taxa of the oribatid mite genus Fortuynia van der Hammen, 1960 (Ameronothroidea) were collected from the rocky shores and mangroves of southeastern Africa. These taxa, F. inhambanensis sp.…1 January, 2002 by Gareth Marshall
Changes in circulation at 500 and 850 hPa and horizontal thermal advection between these two levels are examined at Bellingshausen station in the northern Antarctic Peninsula between 1969 and 2000.…1 January, 2002 by Gareth Marshall
A comparison of 40-yr (1960-99) trends in Antarctic geopotential height and temperature from quality controlled radiosonde observations and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (NNR) data is undertaken. Observations from four Antarctic stations-having sufficiently…1 January, 2002 by Gareth Marshall, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
The surface warming at Faraday station in the western Antarctic Peninsula is one of the largest observed anywhere over the last 50 years, yet the physical mechanisms driving this climate…1 January, 2002 by Richard Horne
[1] We present plasma wave and particle data from the CRRES satellite during three case studies to investigate the viability of a local stochastic electron acceleration mechanism to relativistic energies…1 January, 2002
Physiological condition and feeding behavior of furcilia larvae were investigated in autumn (April 1999) in the southwestern Lazarev Sea prior to the critical overwintering period. Furcilia stage III (FIII) larvae…1 January, 2002
Antarctic krill maintain large population sizes despite dramatic seasonal fluctuations in food availability, but the mechanisms for this are still debated. The aim of this study was to compare seasonal…1 January, 2002
A revised pre-Jurassic chronology is presented for the Antarctic Peninsula on the basis of new U-Pb zircon dating, using both conventional (11 samples) and SHRIMP microprobe data (10 samples). The…1 January, 2002 by Eric Wolff
Radio echo surveys to determine the thickness of ice sheets often record reflections from inside the ice. To increase our understanding of these internal reflections, we have used synthetic seismogram…Read more on Modeling the radio echo reflections inside the ice sheet at Summit, Greenland
1 January, 2002
A recent major climatic event was the occurrence of approximately 350 000 square kilometers of open water in the normally ice covered Weddell Sea near Antarctica during the winters of…Read more on A reconstruction of the air-sea interaction associated with the Weddell Polynya
1 January, 2002
With the completion of the NCEP-NCAR and ECMWF reanalyses there are now global representations of air-sea surface heat fluxes with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to be useful in characterizing…1 January, 2002 by Mark Belchier, Simon Morley
A large sample of otoliths from bigeye grenadier (Macrourus holotrachys) caught as by-catch in the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fishery in Subarea 48.3 was measured and weighed, and the usefulness…1 January, 2002 by Robert Mulvaney
Two medium-depth ice cores were retrieved from Berkner Island by a joint project between the Alfred-Wegener-Institut and the British Antarctic Survey in the 1994/95 field season. A151mdeep core from the…Read more on 1000 year ice-core records from Berkner Island, Antarctica
1 January, 2002 by Michael Pinnock
The present study reveals the ionospheric signature of low level near-Earth flow burst activity in the central plasma sheet during a relatively quiet magnetosphere. Flow bursts were observed by Geotail…1 January, 2002
Analysis of a single traveling convection vortex (TCV) event that combines magnetometer, auroral imager, and riometer observations from conjugate hemispheres provides a complete view of the field-aligned current (FAC) system…1 January, 2002 by Dominic Hodgson, Helen Peat, Kevin Newsham
We report a study which measured changes to the radiative environment arising from stratospheric O3 depletion at Rothera Point on the western Antarctic Peninsula (67°S, 68°W) and subsequent associations between…Read more on Response of two Antarctic bryophytes to stratospheric ozone depletion
1 January, 2002
Three species of biennial breeding southern hemisphere albatrosses-Diomedea sanfordi from the Chatham Islands, D. antipodensis from Antipodes Island and D. exulans from South Georgia-were tracked using CLS-Argos satellite system during…1 January, 2002
The Cretaceous Fossil Bluff Group on Alexander Island, on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula, contains a remarkably complete record of the evolution of a forearc basin. The latest…1 January, 2002 by Michael Pinnock
[1] One example of the response of ionospheric convection and the polar cap boundary to a sudden change in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation has been studied by using…Read more on A study of the dusk convection cell’s response to an IMF southward turning
1 January, 2002 by Rodney Strachan
The oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of waters in a small valley at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, were monitored over three summers (1999 to 2001). These stable isotopes track…1 January, 2002
Early stages of toothfish are reported from cruises between 1978 and 2001. South Georgia was regularly sampled, Shag Rocks was briefly sampled in three summers, and Burdwood Bank was sampled…1 January, 2002
Forty-one species of moss are reported from the subantaretic island of South Georgia. Twenty-two of these are recorded for the first time from the island, namely Andreaea obovata Thed. (first…Read more on New and rare moss species from subantarctic South Georgia
1 January, 2002
We investigated annual adult survival rates of king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus breeding at South Georgia during 6 years in relation to age/breeding experience, sex, and food availability. During the first…1 January, 2002 by Katrin Linse
The previously unclear taxonomic status of the high-Antarctic bivalve Limatula ovalis Thiele, 1912 and the sub-Antarctic L. pygmaea (Philippi, 1845) was investigated using molecular techniques (18S rDNA, 16S rDNA, ITS-1).…1 January, 2002
During the PSMOS Global-scale tidal variability experiment campaign of June 1-August 31, 1999, a network of radars made measurements of winds, waves and tides in the mesosphere/lower-thermosphere region over a…1 January, 2002
Observations of mean winds and semidiurnal and diurnal tides in the mesosphere/lower-thermosphere (MLT) region were made during the 3-month Planetary-Scale Mesopause Observing System Summer 1999 campaign. Data from 22 ground-based…1 January, 2002 by David Pearce
Spatial and temporal changes in the microbial community structure in a maritime Antarctic freshwater lake were investigated over a single day/night cycle in December 1999. The community structure of key…Read more on Short-term stability of the microbial community structure in a maritime Antarctic lake
1 January, 2002 by Lloyd Peck
Oxygen consumption of individual larvae of the Antarctic sea-star Odontaster validus was measured during the 50-day period following fertilisation. Values ranged from 0.76 pmol O-2 h(-1) for one specimen at…1 January, 2002 by Lloyd Peck
The ecophysiology of Antarctic marine ectotherms is an area of active research. This review of recent progress covers metabolism, mitochondrial function, aerobic scope, growth and development. Energetics is shown to…Read more on Ecophysiology of antarctic marine ectotherms: limits to life
1 January, 2002 by Lloyd Peck
Oxygen consumption ((M) over dot o(2)), heartbeat rate and form, and circulating hemolymph oxygen content were measured in relation to temperature in the large Antarctic infaunal bivalve Laternula elliptica. After…1 January, 2002
A total of 183 scientific publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds for 2000 is listed by author. This annual list is produced on behalf of the Group of…Read more on Publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds, 2000
1 January, 2002 by Richard Phillips
Cooperative breeding is unusual in seabirds, but recorded in varying proportions in Brown Skuas (Stercorarius [= Catharacta] lonnbergi). With no evidence for kin selection or delayed dispersal, nor for any…Read more on Trios of brown skuas at Bird Island, South Georgia: incidence and composition
1 January, 2002 by Richard Phillips
Numerous explanations exist for the evolution of reversed size dimorphism in raptorial species. A recent study concluded that reversed size dimorphism in skuas and jaegers was probably not attributable to…1 January, 2002 by Eric Wolff
V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ag, Cd, Ba, Pb, Bi and U have been measured in a series of dated snow samples, covering the period from 1834 to 1990,…1 January, 2002 by Eric Wolff
Short-term variations in heavy metals concentrations in Antarctic snow have been investigated by analysing 13 metals (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Ba, Pb, Bi and U)…1 January, 2002
A total of 101 verified species and eight ordinal taxa represent the non-marine Crustacea on Antarctica and the islands of the Southern Ocean. The largely terrestrial Isopoda and Amphipoda are…1 January, 2002 by Eric Wolff
The composition of air near ground level is not necessarily representative of the troposphere as a whole. In particular in the Antarctic, stratification from the strong inversions often present and…Read more on Aerosol profiling using a tethered balloon in coastal Antarctica
1 January, 2002
Cordieritites and highly peraluminous granites within the El Pilón granite complex, Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina, were emplaced during a medium-P, high-T metamorphic event during the initial decompression of a Cambrian orogen…1 January, 2002 by Eugene Murphy
Understanding the demographics of Antarctic krill over large scales may be complicated by regional differences in the processes that govern population structure. The influence of regional differences in growth and…1 January, 2002
The growth rates of Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups estimated from weighing cross-sections of the population were compared with measured/ inferred changes in the availability of their main prey…Read more on Growth rates of Antarctic fur seals as indices of environmental conditions
1 January, 2002
The surface climatology of Coats Land, Antarctica, is described through observations from automatic weather stations, from Halley station, from upper air soundings and from satellite remote sensing. Coats Land consists…Read more on The surface climatology of an ordinary katabatic wind regime in Coats Land, Antarctica
1 January, 2002
Comparisons are made between a time series of meteorological surface layer observational data taken on board the R/V Knorr, and model analysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather…1 January, 2002 by Alistair Crame
The GustavGroup of the James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula, forms part of a major Southern Hemisphere Cretaceous reference section. Palynological data, chiefly from dinoflagellate cysts, integrated with macrofaunal evidence and…1 January, 2002 by David Vaughan
Recent satellite investigations revealed that in the 1990s the grounding line of Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers, West Antarctica, retreated several km, the ice surface on the interior of the…Read more on Acceleration of Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers, West Antarctica
1 January, 2002
We have investigated the fracture of Antarctic shelf ice core using two fracture mechanics test methods: the chevron-notched short-rod specimen loaded in tension and the chevron-notched round-bar specimen loaded in…1 January, 2002 by Mark Clilverd
We examine the electron density profile expected in the lower ionosphere due to a 0.2-s whistler-induced electron precipitation (WEP) burst with experimentally determined properties. The ionization rate in the lower…Read more on D region reflection height modification by whistler-induced electron precipitation
1 January, 2002
Lichens from the genus Umbilicaria were collected across a 5,000-km transect through Antarctica and investigated for DNA sequence polymorphism in a region of 480–660 bp of the nuclear internal transcribed…1 January, 2002 by Howard Roscoe
Measurements of trace gases by remote sensors which observe the atmospheric limb have a natural verticalresolution of 2–. With a typical field of view this becomes 3–. Oversampling, combined with…1 January, 2002 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
A compilation of nitrate (NO(3)(-)) data from Greenland has shown that recent NO(3)(-) concentrations reveal a temperature dependence similar to that seen in Antarctica. Except for sites with very low…1 January, 2002
Cyanobacteria blooms are common in the Baltic Sea and are considered to be a poor food source and sometimes toxic to zooplankton. Most experiments demonstrating harmful effects have been short-term…1 January, 2002
Airglow emission observations by the wind imaging interferometer (WINDII) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite and three optical ground-based stations previously revealed a “springtimetransition” in atomic oxygen. The transition is…Read more on Springtime transition in upper mesospheric temperature in the northern hemisphere
1 January, 2002 by Peter Ward
Measurements of egg production rates (EPR) and growth of the early stages of 2 of the Southern Ocean biomass dominant copepods, Calanoides acutus and Rhincalanus gigas, were made over the…1 January, 2002 by Mervyn Freeman
A superposed epoch analysis of 100–300 substorms is performed to determine the median size and shape of the substorm-associated VLF chorus, magnetic bay, and Pi2 pulsation burst observed at the…1 January, 2002 by Andy Smith
Bakaninbreen is a polythermal glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, that last surged between 1985 and 1995. Seismic reflection data were acquired during early quiescence in spring 1998, just upstream of…1 January, 2002 by Peter Convey
Contrary to the generally accepted hypothesis that bryophyte fertility decreases with increasing latitude and therefore climatic severity, a detailed study of bryophyte reproductive strategies at sites in the southern maritime…Read more on Enhanced sexual reproduction in bryophytes at high latitudes in the maritime Antarctic
1 January, 2002 by Dominic Hodgson
Fossil pigments were identified in a sediment core from Kirisjes Pond, a small lake in the Larsemann Hills, east Antarctica, using reversed-phase HPLC and LC–MS/MS. Chlorophyll a- and b-derived components…Read more on Sedimentary pigments as markers for environmental change in an Antarctic lake
1 January, 2002
The analysis of pinniped scats has been used to quantify their diet, using prey remains to identify species and to estimate the numbers and sizes of prey consumed. There are,…1 January, 2002 by Richard Horne
[1] Relativistic (> 1 MeV) 'killer electrons' are frequently generated in the Earth's inner magnetosphere during the recovery phase of a typical magnetic storm. We test the hypothesis that the…1 January, 2002
The vertical migration of Calanus finmarchicus and krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica and Thysanoessa raschii) was monitored during the summer of 1999 in the Clyde Sea using a combination of acoustic and…1 January, 2002 by Sally Thorpe
SouthGeorgia (∼54°S, 37°W) is an island in the eastern Scotia Sea, South Atlantic that lies in the path of the AntarcticCircumpolarCurrent (ACC). The southern ACC front (SACCF), one of three…Read more on Variability of the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current front north of South Georgia
1 January, 2002
The Cape Melville Formation (CMF), exposed on southeastern King George Island, South Shetland Islands, provides rare evidence of extensive earliest Miocene glaciation in the Antarctic Peninsula region. The formation records…1 January, 2002
The middle to late Oligocene Polonez Cove Formation, exposed on south-eastern King George Island, South Shetland Islands, provides rare evidence of mid-Cenozoic West Antarctic cryosphere evolution. A revised lithostratigraphy and…1 January, 2002 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Robert Mulvaney, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Measurements from ice cores and snow pits collected over the last 50 years are used to examine how net surface mass balance varies across the Antarctic Peninsula to give the…Read more on Spatial variability of Antarctic Peninsula net surface mass balance
1 January, 2002 by Robert Larter
The first swath bathymetry and side-scan sonar imagery from the South Sandwich forearc reveals detailed seafloor morphology, tectonic fabric, and sedimentary features in an area where plate convergence is approximately…1 January, 2002 by Robert Larter
We present the first multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection line that crosses the South Sandwich Trench, South Sandwich island arc, and East Scotia Sea backarc basin. The line is used in…1 January, 2002
Ar–Ar dating of high-strain ductile mylonites of the Eastern Palmer Land Shear Zone in the southern Antarctic Peninsula indicates that reverse movement on the shear zone occurred in late Early…1 January, 2002
New structural and age data suggest that West Gondwana may have been at lower palaeolatitudes than previously interpreted from Albian sequences in Gondwana marginal suspect terranes. The Palmer Land event,…1 January, 2002 by David Vaughan
Complete collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) would raise global sea level by around 5 m, but whether collapse is likely, or even possible, has been `glaciology's grand…Read more on Risk estimation of collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet
1 January, 2002 by Martin Collins
Cirrate octopods are conspicuous members of the benthopelagic and bathypelagic communities and include some of the largest invertebrates of the deep-sea. Although they have often been considered to be rare…Read more on Systematics, ecology and biology of cirrate octopods: a workshop report
1 January, 2002 by Michael Pinnock
During a period of extremely quiet solar wind conditions from 8 to 10 March 1997, strong activity was observed by the Southern Hemisphere Auroral Radar Experiment Super Dual Auroral Radar…1 January, 2002 by Dominic Hodgson
The authenticity of hydroxychlorophyllderivatives in sediments has been verified by subjecting pure chlorophyll preparations to the extraction method used for sediments. Model studies of chlorophyll autoxidation reveal hydroxychlorophyll as the…Read more on Origin and significance of 13(2)-hydroxychlorophyll derivatives in sediments
1 January, 2002 by Peter Convey
There is now ample evidence of the ecological impacts of recent climate change, from polar terrestrial to tropical marine environments. The responses of both flora and fauna span an array…1 January, 2002 by Eugene Murphy, Jonathan Watkins, Michael Meredith, Peter Ward, Sally Thorpe
The coupling of physics and biology was examined along a 160 km long transect running out from the north coast of South Georgia Island and crossing the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar…1 January, 2002 by Mervyn Freeman, Richard Horne
Analytical estimates of resistivity due to electrostatic current-driven ion-acoustic waves are compared with Vlasov simulation results. Particular attention is given to the case of similar ion and electron temperatures that…Read more on Ion-acoustic resistivity in plasmas with similar ion and electron temperatures
1 January, 2002 by Anna Jones
NO, NOy (total reactive nitrogen oxides), gaseous HNO3, and particulate nitrate (p-NO3−) were measured at Neumayer Station from February 1999 to January 2000. In addition, during February 1999, the NOy…Read more on Seasonality of reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy) at Neumayer Station, Antarctica
1 January, 2002
Hydrothermal alteration in volcanic arcs occurs in many settings and may involve magmatic, marine, lacustrine or groundwaters, driven by magmatic, tectonic or thermal events. King George Island, part of the…1 January, 2002
An expanded Oligocene-Miocene boundary interval recovered in the Cape Roberts Project CRP-2A core from beneath the Ross Sea, Antarctica, has yielded a high-resolution integrated chrono stratigraphy that has, in turn,…1 January, 2002 by Andrew Clarke, Peter Ward
Diversity and structure of copepod assemblages were investigated using 259 WP2 zooplankton samples collected from the top 200 m of the Atlantic Ocean between 60°N and 63°S. Whilst richness at…1 January, 2002
Solar radiation is the primary energy source for surface planetary life, so that pigments are fundamental components of any surface-dwelling organism. They may therefore have evolved in some form on…1 January, 2002
The launch of a new journal is appropriately like a space mission. It is the result of a scientific need, the inspiration of a group of committed scientists and technologists,…Read more on Editorial: The International Journal of Astrobiology
1 January, 2002 by Paul Rodhouse
The cephalopod component of the diet of Patagonian toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides, around South Georgia was analysed from stomach contents collected between March and May 2000. Cephalopods occurred in 7% of…1 January, 2002 by Paul Rodhouse
In Southwest Atlantic waters, the short-finned squid Illex argentinus is distributed along the Patagonian shelf and slope, from approximately 22° to 54°S ( Haimovici et al., 1998). I. argentinus has…1 January, 2002
Latitudinal and diurnal distributions of spectral power and spatial coherency parameters of the geomagnetic variations in the Pc5-6 (1–6 mHz) frequency range are analyzed using data of magnetometer stations in…1 January, 2002 by Martin Collins
The scavenging megafauna of the South Georgia and Shag Rocks slope in the south-west Atlantic (625-15 19 m) were investigated using autonomous baited camera systems. Two surveys were conducted: the…Read more on Scavenging by megabenthos and demersal fish on the South Georgia slope
1 January, 2002 by John King
Practically oriented flux-calculation techniques based on correction functions to the neutral drag and heat/mass transfer coefficients are further developed. In the traditional formulation, the correction functions depend only on the…1 January, 2002 by Robert Mulvaney
A medium-length ice core was drilled at the ice divide on the Lomonosovfonna plateau (1230 m a.s.l.),Svalbard, in May1997.As part of this project, temperature measurements were performed in the 120…1 January, 2002
Geophysical data from the Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf reveal streamlined subglacial bedforms in a cross-shelf trough. Bedforms exhibit progressive elongation with distance along the trough, and record flow of a…1 January, 2002
Operation Chastise, more often known as the ‘Dambusters raids’, was one of the most audacious aerial military operations of the Second World War, in that it made use of operationally…Read more on The science and scientific legacy of Operation Chastise
1 December, 2001
Unlike previous missions to the magnetotail (IMP 6, ISEE 1, ISEE 3, and Geotail), which effectively made observations in the lobe at a single downtail distance, the Cassini Earth swingby…1 December, 2001 by Mark Clilverd
It has been suggested that quasi-electrostatic electric fields from thunderclouds might produce whistler ducts by driving plasma interchange of geomagnetic flux tubes. Using lightning activity as a proxy for the…Read more on Investigating the possible association between thunderclouds and plasmaspheric ducts