Showing 11862 items
1 January, 2002
We analysed concentrations of cadmium, lead, mercury and selenium in blood from males and females of the 2 sibling species of giant petrels, the northern Macronectes halli and the southern…1 January, 2002 by Robert Mulvaney
The European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) includes a comprehensive pre-site survey on the inland ice plateau of Dronning Maud Land. This paper focuses on the investigation of…Read more on Stable-isotope records from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
1 January, 2002
1. Breeding female Macaroni Penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus ) were implanted with heart rate, temperature and depth data loggers in order to estimate their rate of energy expenditure from heart rate.…Read more on Energy requirements of female macaroni penguins breeding at South Georgia
1 January, 2002 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
During a motion event on Unteraargletscher, Bernese Alps, Switzerland, in spring 1996, surface velocities were measured up to eight times a day at four different locations along the central flowline…1 January, 2002
Prehospital care in the United Kingdom rarely lasts more than a few hours other than in exceptional circumstances (for example, mountain and cave rescue, oil rigs). In other parts of…Read more on Medicine in the heart of the Antarctic: 1908-2001
1 January, 2002
Protoperidiniacean dinoflagellate cysts have been recovered from Upper Miocene sediments of Hole 1095, ODP Leg 178, drilled to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula. These cysts make up virtually the…1 January, 2002 by Roger Worland
Amblyseius californicus was introduced into the UK in the early 1990s as a biocontrol agent against glasshouse red spider mite Tetranychus urticae. This study investigated the effects of temperature on…1 January, 2002 by Jonathan Watkins, Philip Trathan
A revised precautionary catch limit for Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) in the Scotia Sea of 4 million tons was recently adopted by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine…Read more on Setting a precautionary catch limit for Antarctic krill
1 January, 2002 by Mervyn Freeman
We apply the finite size scaling technique to quantify the statistical properties of fluctuations in AU, AL and AE indices and in the epsilon parameter that represents energy input from…Read more on Scaling of solar wind epsilon and the AU, AL and AE indices by WIND
1 January, 2002
There is increasing interest in the diving behavior of marine mammals. However, identifying foraging among recorded dives often requires several assumptions. The simultaneous acquisition of images of the prey encountered,…1 January, 2002
A dinoflagellate cyst record has been examined from two cores recovered from the crest and margins of a sediment drift in water depths of 3500-4500 m in the northern Scotia…1 January, 2002 by Peter Ward
Diatoms dominate spring bloom phytoplankton assemblages in temperate waters and coastal upwelling regions of the global ocean. Copepods usually dominate the zooplankton in these regions and are the prey of…Read more on Copepod hatching success in marine ecosystems with high diatom concentrations
1 January, 2002 by Mark Clilverd
Published estimates of the trend in hmF2 using data from ionosondes over the last 30-40 years range from +0.8 to -0.6 km yr(-1) and are subject to the influence of…Read more on Methodological influences on F-region peak height trend analyses
1 January, 2002 by Adrian Jenkins
[1] An isopycnic coordinate ocean circulation model has been applied to the southern Weddell Sea, including the cavity beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, with the aim of investigating the buoyancy-forced circulation…1 January, 2002 by Robert Larter
The Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula to the southwest of the Hero Fracture Zone (HFZ) is a former subducting margin which became inactive following the arrival of ridge crest…Read more on Post-subduction margin structures along Boyd Strait, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2002 by Lloyd Peck
Muscle growth was investigated in Harpagifer species with sub-Antarctic (Harpagifer bispinis, environmental temperature (ET) 4-11°C) and Antarctic (Harpagifer antarcticus, ET -1.5 to +1°C) distributions. The trunk musculature of 1 d-old…1 January, 2002 by William Block
Acquisition and transfer of algae from distant polar locations to research facilities in the northern hemisphere may take several months, at which point the algae may be non-viable and in…1 January, 2002 by Hugh Corr
A total of 11,500 line km of aerogravity data have been used to construct an free-air gravity anomaly map for the Antarctic region that may contain the microplate boundary between…1 January, 2002
Knowledge of the late Miocene-Pliocene climate of West Antarctica, recorded by sedimentary units within the James Ross Island Volcanic Group, is still fragmentary. Late Miocene glacio-marine deposits at the base…1 January, 2002 by Michael Pinnock
[1] We have analyzed in detail the evolution of nightside auroral activities and ionospheric convection during the growth phase of an isolated substorm. The following three characteristic auroral activities were…1 January, 2002 by Michael Pinnock
[1] We have analyzed in detail the auroral bulge evolution during the expansion phase of an isolated substorm, which was observed by the UV imager aboard the Akebono satellite. It…1 January, 2002 by Robert Mulvaney
Detailed chemical analysis of the 122 m, relatively high-altitude and lowmelt Lomonosovfonna ice core provides the best-dated record of nitrate from Svalbard. A very significant non-linear trend present in the…Read more on A 800 year record of nitrate from the Lomonosovfonna ice core, Svalbard
1 January, 2002
Bransfield Strait is a Quaternary, ensialic back arc basin at the transition from rifting to spreading. Fresh volcanic rocks occur on numerous submarine features distributed along the rift axis, including…1 January, 2002
A re-compilation of magnetic data in the Weddell Sea is presented and compared with the gravity field recently derived from retracked satellite altimetry. The previously informally named 'Anomaly-T,' an cast-west…Read more on Seafloor spreading in the Weddell Sea from magnetic and gravity data
1 January, 2002 by Mai Mai Lam
Egorova et al. (2000) conclude that Forbush decreases (FDs) in galactic cosmic rays have a significant effect on the atmosphere at Antarctic station Vostok (78.5°S, 106.9°E) via the mechanism of…Read more on The effect of Forbush decreases on tropospheric parameters over South Pole
1 January, 2002 by Robert Larter
We present new Late Cretaceous tectonic reconstructions of the Pacific margin of Antarctica based on constraints from marine magnetic data and regional free-air gravity fields. Results from interpretation of new…1 January, 2002
Five brackish to hypersaline lakes (Highway, Ace, Pendent, Williams and Rookery) in the Vestfold Hills, eastern Antarctica were investigated during the austral summer of 1999/2000. The aims were to characterise…Read more on The biology and evolution of Antarctic saline lakes in relation to salinity and trophy
1 January, 2002
The abundance and biomass of different categories of autotrophic and heterotrophic nanoflagellates were determined in surface waters along a transect crossing the Polar Front to the north-west of South Georgia…1 January, 2002 by Philip Leat, Teal Riley
Primitive magmas representing mantle partial melts minimally affected by fractionation and assimilation are rare in the magmatic arc environment. Most examples are either associated with high rates of arc-parallel extension,…1 January, 2002 by Katrin Linse
Diaphana haini n.sp. is described from Antarctica. With a depth range from about 400 to 2100 m, D. haini is the second Antarctic species of this genus to extend into…1 January, 2002 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
In the past, ionic analyses of deep ice cores tended to consist of a few widely spaced measurements that indicated general trends in concentration. The ion-chromatographic methods widely used provide…1 January, 2002
Lamproite dykes that cross-cut Middle Jurassic Karoo-related flood basalts in Vestfjella, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, have been dated at 158.7 ± 1.6 Ma by 40Ar/39Ar incremental heating of phlogopite. Compared…1 January, 2002 by Philip Trathan
Adelie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and chinstrap penguins (P. antarctica) are morphologically and ecologically very similar, have very similar diet and breed sympatrically in the Scotia Arc from the South Sandwich Islands…1 January, 2002 by Keith Makinson
One of the warmest water masses beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS) is dense, high salinity shelf water (HSSW) that flows into the sub-ice-shelf cavity from the ice front and occupies…1 January, 2002
Observations from 2 optical ground stations and 3 MF radars at high and mid-latitudes have been combined to describe "springtime transitions" in atomic oxygen and the mesopause wind fields and…1 January, 2002
Three new taxa of the oribatid mite genus Fortuynia van der Hammen, 1960 (Ameronothroidea) were collected from the rocky shores and mangroves of southeastern Africa. These taxa, F. inhambanensis sp.…1 January, 2002 by Gareth Marshall
Changes in circulation at 500 and 850 hPa and horizontal thermal advection between these two levels are examined at Bellingshausen station in the northern Antarctic Peninsula between 1969 and 2000.…1 January, 2002 by Gareth Marshall
A comparison of 40-yr (1960-99) trends in Antarctic geopotential height and temperature from quality controlled radiosonde observations and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (NNR) data is undertaken. Observations from four Antarctic stations-having sufficiently…1 January, 2002 by Gareth Marshall, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
The surface warming at Faraday station in the western Antarctic Peninsula is one of the largest observed anywhere over the last 50 years, yet the physical mechanisms driving this climate…1 January, 2002 by Richard Horne
[1] We present plasma wave and particle data from the CRRES satellite during three case studies to investigate the viability of a local stochastic electron acceleration mechanism to relativistic energies…1 January, 2002
Physiological condition and feeding behavior of furcilia larvae were investigated in autumn (April 1999) in the southwestern Lazarev Sea prior to the critical overwintering period. Furcilia stage III (FIII) larvae…1 January, 2002
Antarctic krill maintain large population sizes despite dramatic seasonal fluctuations in food availability, but the mechanisms for this are still debated. The aim of this study was to compare seasonal…1 January, 2002
A revised pre-Jurassic chronology is presented for the Antarctic Peninsula on the basis of new U-Pb zircon dating, using both conventional (11 samples) and SHRIMP microprobe data (10 samples). The…1 January, 2002 by Eric Wolff
Radio echo surveys to determine the thickness of ice sheets often record reflections from inside the ice. To increase our understanding of these internal reflections, we have used synthetic seismogram…Read more on Modeling the radio echo reflections inside the ice sheet at Summit, Greenland
1 January, 2002
A recent major climatic event was the occurrence of approximately 350 000 square kilometers of open water in the normally ice covered Weddell Sea near Antarctica during the winters of…Read more on A reconstruction of the air-sea interaction associated with the Weddell Polynya
1 January, 2002
With the completion of the NCEP-NCAR and ECMWF reanalyses there are now global representations of air-sea surface heat fluxes with sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to be useful in characterizing…1 January, 2002 by Mark Belchier, Simon Morley
A large sample of otoliths from bigeye grenadier (Macrourus holotrachys) caught as by-catch in the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) fishery in Subarea 48.3 was measured and weighed, and the usefulness…1 January, 2002 by Robert Mulvaney
Two medium-depth ice cores were retrieved from Berkner Island by a joint project between the Alfred-Wegener-Institut and the British Antarctic Survey in the 1994/95 field season. A151mdeep core from the…Read more on 1000 year ice-core records from Berkner Island, Antarctica
1 January, 2002 by Michael Pinnock
The present study reveals the ionospheric signature of low level near-Earth flow burst activity in the central plasma sheet during a relatively quiet magnetosphere. Flow bursts were observed by Geotail…1 January, 2002
Analysis of a single traveling convection vortex (TCV) event that combines magnetometer, auroral imager, and riometer observations from conjugate hemispheres provides a complete view of the field-aligned current (FAC) system…1 January, 2002 by Dominic Hodgson, Helen Peat, Kevin Newsham
We report a study which measured changes to the radiative environment arising from stratospheric O3 depletion at Rothera Point on the western Antarctic Peninsula (67°S, 68°W) and subsequent associations between…Read more on Response of two Antarctic bryophytes to stratospheric ozone depletion
1 January, 2002
Three species of biennial breeding southern hemisphere albatrosses-Diomedea sanfordi from the Chatham Islands, D. antipodensis from Antipodes Island and D. exulans from South Georgia-were tracked using CLS-Argos satellite system during…1 January, 2002
The Cretaceous Fossil Bluff Group on Alexander Island, on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula, contains a remarkably complete record of the evolution of a forearc basin. The latest…1 January, 2002 by Michael Pinnock
[1] One example of the response of ionospheric convection and the polar cap boundary to a sudden change in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation has been studied by using…Read more on A study of the dusk convection cell’s response to an IMF southward turning
1 January, 2002 by Rodney Strachan
The oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of waters in a small valley at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, were monitored over three summers (1999 to 2001). These stable isotopes track…1 January, 2002
Early stages of toothfish are reported from cruises between 1978 and 2001. South Georgia was regularly sampled, Shag Rocks was briefly sampled in three summers, and Burdwood Bank was sampled…1 January, 2002
Forty-one species of moss are reported from the subantaretic island of South Georgia. Twenty-two of these are recorded for the first time from the island, namely Andreaea obovata Thed. (first…Read more on New and rare moss species from subantarctic South Georgia
1 January, 2002
We investigated annual adult survival rates of king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus breeding at South Georgia during 6 years in relation to age/breeding experience, sex, and food availability. During the first…1 January, 2002 by Katrin Linse
The previously unclear taxonomic status of the high-Antarctic bivalve Limatula ovalis Thiele, 1912 and the sub-Antarctic L. pygmaea (Philippi, 1845) was investigated using molecular techniques (18S rDNA, 16S rDNA, ITS-1).…1 January, 2002
During the PSMOS Global-scale tidal variability experiment campaign of June 1-August 31, 1999, a network of radars made measurements of winds, waves and tides in the mesosphere/lower-thermosphere region over a…1 January, 2002
Observations of mean winds and semidiurnal and diurnal tides in the mesosphere/lower-thermosphere (MLT) region were made during the 3-month Planetary-Scale Mesopause Observing System Summer 1999 campaign. Data from 22 ground-based…1 January, 2002 by David Pearce
Spatial and temporal changes in the microbial community structure in a maritime Antarctic freshwater lake were investigated over a single day/night cycle in December 1999. The community structure of key…Read more on Short-term stability of the microbial community structure in a maritime Antarctic lake
1 January, 2002 by Lloyd Peck
Oxygen consumption of individual larvae of the Antarctic sea-star Odontaster validus was measured during the 50-day period following fertilisation. Values ranged from 0.76 pmol O-2 h(-1) for one specimen at…1 January, 2002 by Lloyd Peck
The ecophysiology of Antarctic marine ectotherms is an area of active research. This review of recent progress covers metabolism, mitochondrial function, aerobic scope, growth and development. Energetics is shown to…Read more on Ecophysiology of antarctic marine ectotherms: limits to life
1 January, 2002 by Lloyd Peck
Oxygen consumption ((M) over dot o(2)), heartbeat rate and form, and circulating hemolymph oxygen content were measured in relation to temperature in the large Antarctic infaunal bivalve Laternula elliptica. After…1 January, 2002
A total of 183 scientific publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds for 2000 is listed by author. This annual list is produced on behalf of the Group of…Read more on Publications and theses on Antarctic and sub-Antarctic birds, 2000
1 January, 2002 by Richard Phillips
Cooperative breeding is unusual in seabirds, but recorded in varying proportions in Brown Skuas (Stercorarius [= Catharacta] lonnbergi). With no evidence for kin selection or delayed dispersal, nor for any…Read more on Trios of brown skuas at Bird Island, South Georgia: incidence and composition
1 January, 2002 by Richard Phillips
Numerous explanations exist for the evolution of reversed size dimorphism in raptorial species. A recent study concluded that reversed size dimorphism in skuas and jaegers was probably not attributable to…1 January, 2002 by Eric Wolff
V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ag, Cd, Ba, Pb, Bi and U have been measured in a series of dated snow samples, covering the period from 1834 to 1990,…1 January, 2002 by Eric Wolff
Short-term variations in heavy metals concentrations in Antarctic snow have been investigated by analysing 13 metals (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Ba, Pb, Bi and U)…1 January, 2002
A total of 101 verified species and eight ordinal taxa represent the non-marine Crustacea on Antarctica and the islands of the Southern Ocean. The largely terrestrial Isopoda and Amphipoda are…1 January, 2002 by Eric Wolff
The composition of air near ground level is not necessarily representative of the troposphere as a whole. In particular in the Antarctic, stratification from the strong inversions often present and…Read more on Aerosol profiling using a tethered balloon in coastal Antarctica
1 January, 2002
Cordieritites and highly peraluminous granites within the El Pilón granite complex, Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina, were emplaced during a medium-P, high-T metamorphic event during the initial decompression of a Cambrian orogen…1 January, 2002 by Eugene Murphy
Understanding the demographics of Antarctic krill over large scales may be complicated by regional differences in the processes that govern population structure. The influence of regional differences in growth and…1 January, 2002
The growth rates of Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) pups estimated from weighing cross-sections of the population were compared with measured/ inferred changes in the availability of their main prey…Read more on Growth rates of Antarctic fur seals as indices of environmental conditions
1 January, 2002
The surface climatology of Coats Land, Antarctica, is described through observations from automatic weather stations, from Halley station, from upper air soundings and from satellite remote sensing. Coats Land consists…Read more on The surface climatology of an ordinary katabatic wind regime in Coats Land, Antarctica
1 January, 2002
Comparisons are made between a time series of meteorological surface layer observational data taken on board the R/V Knorr, and model analysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather…1 January, 2002 by Alistair Crame
The GustavGroup of the James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula, forms part of a major Southern Hemisphere Cretaceous reference section. Palynological data, chiefly from dinoflagellate cysts, integrated with macrofaunal evidence and…1 January, 2002 by David Vaughan
Recent satellite investigations revealed that in the 1990s the grounding line of Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers, West Antarctica, retreated several km, the ice surface on the interior of the…Read more on Acceleration of Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers, West Antarctica
1 January, 2002
We have investigated the fracture of Antarctic shelf ice core using two fracture mechanics test methods: the chevron-notched short-rod specimen loaded in tension and the chevron-notched round-bar specimen loaded in…1 January, 2002 by Mark Clilverd
We examine the electron density profile expected in the lower ionosphere due to a 0.2-s whistler-induced electron precipitation (WEP) burst with experimentally determined properties. The ionization rate in the lower…Read more on D region reflection height modification by whistler-induced electron precipitation
1 January, 2002
Lichens from the genus Umbilicaria were collected across a 5,000-km transect through Antarctica and investigated for DNA sequence polymorphism in a region of 480–660 bp of the nuclear internal transcribed…1 January, 2002 by Howard Roscoe
Measurements of trace gases by remote sensors which observe the atmospheric limb have a natural verticalresolution of 2–. With a typical field of view this becomes 3–. Oversampling, combined with…1 January, 2002 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
A compilation of nitrate (NO(3)(-)) data from Greenland has shown that recent NO(3)(-) concentrations reveal a temperature dependence similar to that seen in Antarctica. Except for sites with very low…1 January, 2002
Cyanobacteria blooms are common in the Baltic Sea and are considered to be a poor food source and sometimes toxic to zooplankton. Most experiments demonstrating harmful effects have been short-term…1 January, 2002
Airglow emission observations by the wind imaging interferometer (WINDII) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite and three optical ground-based stations previously revealed a “springtimetransition” in atomic oxygen. The transition is…Read more on Springtime transition in upper mesospheric temperature in the northern hemisphere
1 January, 2002 by Peter Ward
Measurements of egg production rates (EPR) and growth of the early stages of 2 of the Southern Ocean biomass dominant copepods, Calanoides acutus and Rhincalanus gigas, were made over the…1 January, 2002 by Mervyn Freeman
A superposed epoch analysis of 100–300 substorms is performed to determine the median size and shape of the substorm-associated VLF chorus, magnetic bay, and Pi2 pulsation burst observed at the…1 January, 2002 by Andy Smith
Bakaninbreen is a polythermal glacier in southern Spitsbergen, Svalbard, that last surged between 1985 and 1995. Seismic reflection data were acquired during early quiescence in spring 1998, just upstream of…1 January, 2002 by Peter Convey
Contrary to the generally accepted hypothesis that bryophyte fertility decreases with increasing latitude and therefore climatic severity, a detailed study of bryophyte reproductive strategies at sites in the southern maritime…Read more on Enhanced sexual reproduction in bryophytes at high latitudes in the maritime Antarctic
1 January, 2002 by Dominic Hodgson
Fossil pigments were identified in a sediment core from Kirisjes Pond, a small lake in the Larsemann Hills, east Antarctica, using reversed-phase HPLC and LC–MS/MS. Chlorophyll a- and b-derived components…Read more on Sedimentary pigments as markers for environmental change in an Antarctic lake
1 January, 2002
The analysis of pinniped scats has been used to quantify their diet, using prey remains to identify species and to estimate the numbers and sizes of prey consumed. There are,…