Showing 11923 items
1 January, 2005
Penguins are major consumers in the marine environment. However, like many top predators, very little information exists on their foraging behaviour outside the breeding season. We investigated the foraging behaviour…Read more on Behavioural flexibility during year-round foraging in macaroni penguins
1 January, 2005
In the eighteenth century, James Hutton came up with a theory that revolutionized the science of geology, ‘The present is a key to the past’. But could the past also…Read more on The climate of the future: clues from three million years ago
1 January, 2005
Abstract not available for this article.1 January, 2005
Traditional reconstructions of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) produced by the Pliocene Research Interpretations and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) Group indicate that mid-Pliocene surface ocean temperatures were unchanged or slightly cooler than modern…1 January, 2005 by Jonathan Shanklin
A medium frequency spaced-antenna radar has been operating at Rothera station, Antarctica (67° S, 68° W) for two periods, between 1997-1998 and since 2002, measuring winds in the mesosphere and…1 January, 2005 by Simeon Hill
The South Georgia population of mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) is exploited by both a fishery and predators, including gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua). Because considerable uncertainty surrounds recent estimates of stock…1 January, 2005 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Upper Quaternary marine sediments recovered from the West Antarctic continental margin are characterized by a distinct lithological succession allowing the reconstruction of past environmental changes. Massive, homogenous diamictons were deposited…1 January, 2005
The ‘Moult Rate’ (MR) method has been used widely to derive stage-specific growth rates in juvenile copepods. It is the most common field-based method. Unfortunately, the equation underlying the method…1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson, Peter Convey
We studied the fossil remains of the common Antarctic oribatid mites, Alaskozetes antarcticus and Halozetes belgicae, in sediment cores from two lakes in adjacent catchments on Signy Island, South Orkney…1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson
Little is known about the response of terrestrial East Antarctica to climate changes during the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Here we present a continuous sediment record from a lake in the…1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson
Elevated ultraviolet irradiance (UVR, 280–400 nm) damages DNA and induces reorganisation within biological communities at the Earth's surface. Southern high latitude aquatic ecosystems may be particularly susceptible because of low…Read more on Late Pleistocene record of elevated UV radiation in an Antarctic lake
1 January, 2005
Novel observations collected from video, acoustic and conductivity sensors showed that Antarctic fur seals consistently exhale during the last 50–85% of ascent from all dives (10–160 m, n>8000 dives from…1 January, 2005 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
Electron acceleration inside the Earth's magnetosphere is required to explain increases in the ∼MeV radiation belt electron flux during magnetically disturbed periods. Recent studies show that electron acceleration by whistler…Read more on Timescale for radiation belt electron acceleration by whistler mode chorus waves
1 January, 2005 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
The Van Allen radiation belts are two regions encircling the Earth in which energetic charged particles are trapped inside the Earth's magnetic field. Their properties vary according to solar activity…Read more on Wave acceleration of electrons in the Van Allen radiation belts
1 January, 2005
Fossil soils are present within mid-Cretaceous fluvial sediments of the Fossil Bluff Group, Alexander Island, Antarctica. The palaeosols contain in situ fossil trees and rooted plants. These palaeosols are typically…1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
Variation in gonadal somatic indices (GSI) and fatty acid signatures of 2 contrasting Scottish west coast populations of the echinoid Psammechinus miliaris were examined. P. miliaris was sampled from both…Read more on Gonad fatty acids and trophic interactions of the echinoid Psammechinus miliaris
1 January, 2005 by Kevin Hughes
The majority of coastal Antarctic research stations discard untreated sewage waste into the near-shore marine environment. However, Antarctic solar conditions are unique, with ozone depletion increasing the proportion of potentially…Read more on Effect of Antarctic solar radiation on sewage bacteria viability
1 January, 2005 by Kevin Hughes, Peter Convey
The populations of two non-native Dipterans have been established at two Antarctic research stations since at least 1998. Both belong to Sciaridae ("black fungus midge"), and have been determined to…Read more on Alien fly populations established at two Antarctic research stations
1 January, 2005
New U–Pb zircon ion-microprobe ages from the alluvial conglomerates and flood plain sediments of the Botany Bay Group demonstrate that sedimentation occurred at c. 167 Ma, coeval with rift-related silicic…1 January, 2005
We investigated the possible effects of a 12-g data-logger attached to a darvic ring on the performance of Coryrsquos shearwater (Calonectris diomedea, 600–850 g) from two different colonies in the…Read more on Short-term effects of data-loggers on Cory’s shearwater (Calonectris diomedea)
1 January, 2005 by Robert Mulvaney
Svalbard ice cores have not yet been fully exploited for studies of climate and environmental conditions. In one recently drilled ice core from Lomonosovfonna, we have studied the methanesulfonic acid…Read more on The methanesulfonic acid (MSA) record in a Svalbard ice core
1 January, 2005
Climatological change in the tides in the lower thermosphere has been estimated at five different latitudes using wavelet analysis of geomagnetic data series extending back to the beginning of the…1 January, 2005 by Robert Mulvaney
We investigate and quantify the variability of snow accumulation rate around a medium-depth firn core (160 m) drilled in east Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica (75°00′S, 15°00′E; 3470 m h.a.e. (ellipsoidal…1 January, 2005 by Robert Mulvaney
We present a high-resolution record of water-soluble ion chemistry from a 121 m ice core spanning about 800 years. The core is well dated to 2/3 depth using cycle counting…Read more on The 800 year long ion record from the Lomonosovfonna (Svalbard) ice core
1 January, 2005 by Ed King
Ocean tide models around Antarctica are presently only sparsely tested against independent data. Ocean tide modeling errors, along with subsequent ocean tide loading (OTL) displacement modeling errors, alias into altimetry…Read more on Validation of ocean tide models around Antarctica using onshore GPS and gravity data
1 January, 2005 by Sally Thorpe
During the austral summer of 2003, a large scale survey of the Scotia Sea was undertaken by the British Antarctic Survey as part of the Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems…1 January, 2005
A revised stratigraphy of Cenozoic volcanic outcrops in the Brandy Bay area on James Ross Island is obtained by combining palaeomagnetic and stratigraphical anlysis with 40Ar/39Ar dating. The fieldwork was…1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
Bryozoans are one of the major macrofaunal groups of the high polar regions. Here we present data on the nature of bryozoan assemblages in the Svalbard Archipelago sampled over 6…1 January, 2005 by Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Two different experiments have been conducted using the Hadley Centre's atmosphere-only, global climate model to investigate the role of sea ice in forcing the Antarctic climate during the winter months.…Read more on Role of sea ice in forcing the winter climate of Antarctica in a global climate model
1 January, 2005
No abstract available for this article.Read more on Thinking big – taking a large-scale approach to seabird bycatch
1 January, 2005
The timing of events leading to the earliest connection between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans at Drake Passage is controversial but important, because gateway opening probably had a profound effect…1 January, 2005 by Hua Lu
For long-standing theoretical reasons, it is often asserted that the threshold shear stress for entrainment of sedimentary particles (τ*t = ρfu*2t, made dimensionless as A = ρfu*2t/((ρp − ρf)gd)) has…Read more on Modeling entrainment of sedimentary particles by wind and water: A generalized approach
1 January, 2005 by Richard Horne
Enhancements in relativistic electron fluxes in the outer radiation belt often occur following magnetic storms and have been suggested to result from resonant interactions with enhanced whistler-mode chorus emissions observed…1 January, 2005 by Keith Makinson
Throughout much of the year a coastal polynya along Ronne Ice Front in the southern Weddell Sea is maintained by winds blowing from Ronne Ice Shelf and tidal divergence [Foldvik…Read more on Seasonal stratification and tidal current profiles along Ronne Ice Front
1 January, 2005 by Robert Mulvaney
From its original formulation in 1990 the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE) has had as its primary aim the collection and interpretation of a continent-wide array of environmental parameters assembled…Read more on The International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE): an overview
1 January, 2005 by Peter Convey, Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
The maritime Antarctic South Sandwich Islands are an isolated oceanic archipelago of volcanic origin lying between 56º18'S, 27º34'W and 59º27'S, 27º22'W. All the islands are of recent origin (maximum ages…Read more on Tardigrade fauna of the South Sandwich Islands, maritime Antarctic
1 January, 2005 by Eugene Murphy, Michael Meredith, Philip Trathan, Sally Thorpe
Six years of high-resolution hydrographic data from the eastern and northwestern sides of South Georgia (southwest Atlantic) are used to study the changing circulation and water mass properties of the…1 January, 2005 by Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
A new species, Hypsibius heardensis sp. nov. (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) is described from samples collected during the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) 1986-87 expedition to Heard Island, in the…1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson
Analysis of lacustrine sediments is an accepted method for deciphering the palaeoenvironment of a lake's catchment area, as each strata of the sediment gives information about the rock type it…Read more on Biogeological Raman spectroscopic studies of Antarctic lacustrine sediments
1 January, 2005 by David Pearce
This study is the first demonstration that a diverse facultatively methylotrophic microbiota exists in some Antarctic locations. PCR amplification of genes diagnostic for methylotrophs was carried out with bacterial DNA…1 January, 2005 by David Pearce
Three novel strains of methylotrophic Afipia felis were isolated from several locations on Signy Island, Antarctica, and a fourth from estuary sediment from the River Douro, Portugal. They were identified…1 January, 2005 by Mark Belchier, Simon Morley
Mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari, larvae were sampled by weekly plankton tows in Cumberland Bay South Georgia. The formation of daily growth increments in sagittal otoliths was validated from larvae sampled…Read more on Daily otolith increment validation in larval mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari
1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe
Historic upper-air observations from Antarctica are inspected to investigate the uniqueness of the vortex split in the Antarctic spring of 2002. No comprehensive meteorological observations are available prior to the…1 January, 2005 by Helen Peat, Kevin Newsham, Paul Geissler
UV-B radiation (280–315 nm), incident on the leafy liverwort Cephaloziella varians growing at Rothera Point on the Western Antarctic Peninsula, was manipulated in late austral spring 1998 by screens consisting…1 January, 2005
This study analysed the total length (LT)-frequency distribution of mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari at South Georgia and Shag Rocks from nine bottom trawl surveys at South Georgia and eight at…1 January, 2005 by Claire Allen
Geophysical and geological data indicate that during the last glacial cycle a palaeo-ice stream drained the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS) through Marguerite Bay to the edge of the continental…1 January, 2005 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Robert Larter
Geophysical data show that during the last glaciation the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) drained to the continental shelf edge of the Bellingshausen Sea through a cross-shelf bathymetric trough (Belgica…1 January, 2005 by Melody Clark
Scophthalmus maximus is an important commercially aquaculture fish species. We tackle the search for new microsatellites using two different approaches: an enriched partial genomic library and a screening of all…1 January, 2005 by Michael Pinnock
The comparatively low latitude of the Tasman International Geospace Environment Radar (TIGER) (147.2°E, 43.4°S, geographic; −54.6°Λ), a Southern Hemisphere HF SuperDARN radar, facilitates the observation of extensive backscatter from decametre-scale…1 January, 2005 by Michael Pinnock
Earthward injections of energetic ions and electrons mark the onset of magnetospheric substorms. In the inner magnetosphere (L~4), the energetic ions drift westward and the electrons eastward, thereby enhancing the…1 January, 2005
The MODVOLC satellite monitoring system has revealed the first recorded eruption of Mount Belinda volcano, on Montagu Island in the remote South Sandwich Islands. Here we present some initial qualitative…1 January, 2005 by David Pearce
In this study, variation in the bacterioplankton community structure of three Antarctic lakes of different nutrient status, was determined in relation to physical and chemical gradients at depth and at…1 January, 2005 by David Pearce, Kevin Newsham
Nutrient enrichment is known to increase bacterioplankton population density in a variety of Antarctic freshwater lakes. However, relatively little is known about the associated changes in species composition. In this…1 January, 2005 by Lloyd Peck
Organisms have a limited number of responses that enhance survival in changing environments. They can: 1. Cope within existing physiological flexibility; 2. Adapt to changing conditions; or 3. Migrate to…1 January, 2005 by Lloyd Peck
Maritime Antarctic freshwater habitats are amongst the fastest changing environments on Earth. Temperatures have risen around 1°C and ice cover has dramatically decreased in 15 years. Few animal species inhabit…Read more on Prospects for surviving climate change in Antarctic aquatic species
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes, Lloyd Peck
The ice gouged, shallow, polar seabed is a challenging place to live, but suspension feeders are particularly rich and abundant there. The extreme seasonality of food supply from phytoplankton at…1 January, 2005 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark, Peter Convey
Biological research in Antarctica has made considerable progress in science over recent decades. As little as 50 years ago, there was scant knowledge even of the species inhabiting the region.…1 January, 2005 by Lloyd Peck
The size of an organism is of fundamental importance in all biological processes. It dictates many of the critical interactions and physical factors that delimit the envelope within which an…Read more on Limitation of size by hypoxia in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster
1 January, 2005 by Janet Silk, Richard Phillips
Foraging and provisioning strategies of the light-mantled sooty albatross (LMSA) Phoebetria palpebrata were studied during chick-rearing at Bird Island, South Georgia, in January to May 2003. Virtually all trips of…1 January, 2005 by Janet Silk, Richard Phillips, Vsevolod Afanasyev
Many birds show a surprising degree of intraspecific variability in migratory tendency and choice of wintering site. In this study, we tracked the seasonal movements of 35 nonbreeding Black-browed Albatrosses…1 January, 2005 by Geraint Tarling, Peter Ward
We investigated the relationship between nutritional condition (levels of specific fatty acids) and growth increment (percentage growth per intermoult period, percentage IMP-1) for Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) collected from the…Read more on Diatom fatty acid biomarkers indicate growth rates in Antarctic krill
1 January, 2005
Fossil wood is abundant throughout the Cretaceous and Tertiary sequences of the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. The fossil wood represents the remains of the vegetation that once grew at the…1 January, 2005
No abstract availableRead more on Exploring subglacial Antarctic lake environments
1 January, 2005 by Hamish Pritchard
We have measured the surface flow rate of the large east Greenland glacier, Sortebræ, through both the initiation and termination of a major surge using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) feature…1 January, 2005
The concept of the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007–2008 is of an intensive burst of internationally coordinated, interdisciplinary, scientific research and observations focused on the Earth's Polar Regions. The research…1 January, 2005
Continuous flow analysis (CFA) has become a popular measuring technique for obtaining high-resolution chemical ice core records due to an attractive combination of measuring speed and resolution. However, when analyzing…1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
Plankton samples collected in November 2002, February, May and August 2003 were used to examine seasonal variation in tidal exchange of zooplankton biomass, abundance and species composition between Lough Hyne…Read more on Tidal exchange of zooplankton between Lough Hyne and the adjacent coast
1 January, 2005 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
The influence of basal disturbances on the steady state surface topography and on surface velocities of glaciers and ice sheets is investigated numerically. This is done for finite amplitude basal…1 January, 2005 by Robert Mulvaney
Four halons (H-1301, H-1211, H-2402 and H-1202) have been measured in air samples collected from polar firn from Dome Concordia (Dome C), Antarctica, from Devon Island, Canada and the North…Read more on Trends of halon gases in polar firn air: implications for their emission distributions
1 January, 2005 by Eugene Murphy
The utility of upper-trophic-level species as ecosystem indicators is determined by our ability to relate changes in indices of their performance to changes at lower trophic levels. Such relationships were…1 January, 2005 by Jaume Forcada
Rates of pup production and causes of pup mortality, recorded in a designated study colony on Bird Island, South Georgia, from 1989 to 2003, were used to evaluate the factors…1 January, 2005 by Martin Collins, Simeon Hill
The mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari Lönnberg is an important component of the ecosystem at South Georgia. Its diet is dominated by Antarctic krill Euphausia superba; in turn, it is also…1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe
Eleven vertical profiles of stratospheric NO3 have been obtained since 1992 using the AMON and SALOMON balloon-borne UV-visible spectrometers. The measurements are compared to the SLIMCAT 3D model and calculations…1 January, 2005 by Andrew Clarke, Alistair Crame
Large-scale biogeographic patterns in marine systems are considerably less well documented and understood than those in terrestrial systems. Here, we synthesize recent evidence on latitudinal and bathymetric gradients of species…1 January, 2005 by Teal Riley
Teal Riley has been digging around in the geological record to find out more about what causes supervolcanoes to erupt.1 January, 2005 by Philip Leat, Teal Riley
A suite of dolerite dykes from the Ahlmannryggen region of western Dronning Maud Land (Antarctica) forms part of the much more extensive Karoo igneous province of southern Africa. The dyke…1 January, 2005 by Mark Clilverd
In this study we examine energetic electron precipitation fluxes driven by lightning, in order to determine the global distribution of energy deposited into the middle atmosphere. Previous studies using lightning-driven…1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe, Jonathan Shanklin, Steve Colwell
Many long-term monitoring sites in Antarctic regions, which deploy ground-based stratospheric remote sensors and fly radiosondes or ozonesondes on balloons, supported the Airborne Polar Experiment in September and October 1999.…Read more on Measurements from ground and balloons during APE-GAIA – A polar ozone library
1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe, Jonathan Shanklin, Steve Colwell
In late September 2002, the Antarctic ozone hole was seen to split into two parts, resulting in large increases in ozone at some stations and the potential for significant modification…1 January, 2005 by Mark Clilverd, Michael Rose
We describe a new polar mesosphere summer echo (PMSE) radar system implementation that uses a snow-buried antenna operated with the dynasonde at Halley, Antarctica (76°S), the highest southern latitude at…Read more on Polar mesosphere summer echo detection using a dynasonde
1 January, 2005
Approaches to modelling gene regulation networks can be categorized, according to increasing detail, as network parts lists, network topology models, network control logic models, or dynamic models. We discuss the…Read more on Modelling gene networks at different organisational levels
1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson
Cyanobacteria are the dominant phototrophs in Antarctic biota where they form conspicuous microbial mats at the bottom of lakes and ponds. In the frame of the OSTC project LAQUAN (EV/12/1B),…Read more on Which cyanobacterial genotypes are observed in microbial mats of Antarctic lakes?
1 January, 2005 by William Block
The encapsulation-dehydration cryopreservation protocol is critically dependent upon the evaporative desiccation step, which must optimise survival with the retention of glass stability on sample cooling and rewarming. Desiccation is usually…1 January, 2005 by Geraint Tarling, Jonathan Watkins, Peter Ward
Antarctic krill are often described as the major species in Southern Ocean food webs, but there have been no direct site-specific comparisons between their production and that of copepods that…1 January, 2005 by Geraint Tarling
1. Megaplanktivores such as filter-feeding sharks and baleen whales are at the apex of a short food chain (phytoplankton–zooplankton–vertebrate) and are sensitive indicators of sea-surface plankton availability. Even though they…1 January, 2005 by Andy Smith
No abstract available for this article. Text not available online.Read more on Exploring with explosions: looking beneath the Antarctic ice sheet with seismic surveys
1 January, 2005
Deception Island is one of the most volcanically active sites south of 60°S. Between 1967 and 1970 three major eruptions devastated large expanses of the landscape and its predominantly cryptogamic…Read more on The bryophyte flora of geothermal habitats on Deception Island, Antarctica
1 January, 2005
Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands is one of the most volcanically active sites south of 60°S. Between 1967 and 1970 three major eruptions devastated large expanses of the…1 January, 2005
A comparison is made of the bryophyte floras of two small maritime Antarctic islands lying at similar latitudes and with similar climates and glacial topographies, but differing markedly in their…Read more on Bryophyte diversity and ecology of two geologically contrasting Antarctic islands
1 January, 2005
Peltigera didactyla (With.) J. R. Laundon has a cosmopolitan distribution, but in the Antarctic it is very restricted and is nowhere common or abundant, occurring at a number of sites…1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson
A sediment core from Progress Lake, one of the oldest lacustrine sequences in East Antarctica, contains distinct zones dating from a previous interglacial (most likely Marine Isotope Stage 5e, c.…1 January, 2005 by Kevin Hughes
Aims: To identify native Antarctic bacteria capable of oil degradation at low temperatures. Methods and Results: Oil contaminated and pristine soils from Signy Island (South Orkney Islands, Antarctica) were examined…1 January, 2005 by Iain Staniland
We compared the use of fatty acid signature analysis with results from traditional faecal methods using milk samples and enemas concurrently collected from 8 female Antarctic fur seals Arctocephalus gazella…1 January, 2005
The depletion of shallow-water fish stocks through overexploitation has led to increasing fishing pressure on deep-sea species. Poor knowledge of the biology of commercially valuable deep-water fish has led to…