Showing 11862 items
1 January, 2006 by Dominic Hodgson
For the first time, the cyanobacterial diversity from microbial mats in lakes of Eastern Antarctica was investigated using microscopic and molecular approaches. The present study assessed the biogeographical distribution of…1 January, 2006 by Dominic Hodgson
We isolated 59 strains of cyanobacteria from the benthic microbial mats of 23 Antarctic lakes, from five locations in two regions, in order to characterize their morphological and genotypic diversity.…Read more on Polyphasic study of Antarctic cyanobacterial strains
1 January, 2006 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
This comment does not have an abstract1 January, 2006
A microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sewage-derived particulate organic matter (POM) on the food sources and diets of two species of intertidal benthic foraminifera, Ammonia beccarii…1 January, 2006 by Peter Ward
Physical ocean processes (ice-melt, island run-off and upwelling of nutrients) were hypothesised to affect the bacterioplankton composition in the surface mixed layer of the Scotia Sea during the austral summer…1 January, 2006 by Jaume Forcada
The effect of age, sex, nutritive condition and organochlorine concentration on blubber retinoid concentrations was examined in 74 common dolphins incidentally caught off northwestern Spain. Age and blubber lipid content…1 January, 2006 by Helen Peat, Philip Trathan
We used satellite telemetry methods to study macaroni penguins at South Georgia to determine how they ranged from their colonies during the early part of their breeding season at a…1 January, 2006
Models of snow processes in areas of possible large-scale change need to be site independent and physically based. Here, the accumulation and ablation of the seasonal snow cover beneath a…Read more on The radiative effect of a fir canopy on a snowpack
1 January, 2006 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
An assessment of mean atmospheric and oceanic data from a 100-year segment of a pre-industrial control run of version 3 of the Hadley Centre climate model is presented. The model…Read more on The performance of the Hadley Centre climate model (HADCM3) in high southern latitudes
1 January, 2006 by Gareth Marshall, John Turner, Steve Colwell, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
We report an undocumented major warming of the Antarctic winter troposphere that is larger than any previously identified regional tropospheric warming on Earth. This result has come to light through…Read more on Significant warming of the Antarctic winter troposphere
1 January, 2006 by David Vaughan
Long-term records from meteorological stations on the Antarctic Peninsula show strong rising trends in the annual duration of melting conditions. In each case, the trend is statistically significant and represents…1 January, 2006 by David Vaughan, Fausto Ferraccioli, Hugh Corr
Predictions about future changes in the Amundsen Sea sector of the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) have been hampered by poorly known subglacial topography. Extensive airborne survey has allowed us…1 January, 2006 by Howard Roscoe
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We present in this paper fifteen years measurements, from March 1991 to September 2005, of stratospheric NO2 vertical columns measured by a SAOZ zenith-sky visible spectrometer. The instrument spent…Read more on SAOZ measurements of stratospheric NO2 at Aberystwyth
1 January, 2006 by Richard Phillips
At St Kilda, Outer Hebrides, a large colony of great skuas Stercorarius skua feed extensively on one of the largest colonies of Leach’s storm-petrels Oceanodroma leucorhoa in Europe, but little…1 January, 2006
We report the composition of terrestrial, intertidal and shallow sublittoral faunal communities at sites around Rothera Research Station, Adelaide Island, Antarctic Peninsula. We examined primary hypotheses that the marine environment…Read more on Ecological contrasts across an Antarctic land-sea interface
1 January, 2006 by David Barnes, Roger Worland, Peter Convey
Recent studies have revealed a previously unanticipated level of biodiversity present in the Antarctic littoral. Here, we report research on the ecophysiological strategies adopted by intertidal species that permit them…1 January, 2006 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse
ABSTRACT: The Jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas has a short life span and is subject to rapid changes in population size. This species inhabits the Eastern Pacific, one of the…1 January, 2006 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse
Dosidicus gigas (the jumbo flying squid) supports a major fishery in the eastern Pacific Ocean and exhibits large fluctuations in abundance from year to year. The commercial fishery consists of…1 January, 2006 by Peter Ward, Sally Thorpe
Plankton community structure in the Scotia Sea was investigated during January/early February 2003 based on phytoplankton cell counts from 20 m depth and mesozooplankton counts from 0 to 400 m…Read more on Plankton community structure and variability in the Scotia Sea: austral summer 2003
1 January, 2006 by Geraint Tarling, Peter Ward
Mesozooplankton were sampled at shelf and oceanic stations close to South Georgia, South Atlantic during austral autumn 2004 with a Longhurst Hardy Plankton Recorder. Onshelf biomass ranged from 2.18 to…1 January, 2006 by Andrew Fleming, Jaume Forcada, Philip Trathan
Potentially some of the biggest gaps in our knowledge about the ecology of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) relate to juvenile animals. We investigated the at-sea distribution of five male…1 January, 2006 by Mark Belchier
The early ontogenetic stages of Paralomis spinosissima Birstein and Vinogradow, 1972, are described in detail and illustrated, with notes on morphological variability observed. Larval and early juvenile development was described…1 January, 2006 by David Barnes, Melody Clark
To begin to understand overall patterns and processes influencing marine populations, communities and ecosystems, it is important to determine the timing, duration, mode and dispersal of larvae. However, few studies…Read more on DNA barcoding: a molecular tool to identify Antarctic marine larvae
1 January, 2006
Meteoric water that interacted with minerals during retrogressive metamorphism and hydrothermalism in the late-stage of mountain building processes contains hydrogen and oxygen isotopes that are potential proxies for palaeoelevation reconstruction…1 January, 2006 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
The Upper Miocene (10.7–9.0 Ma) Battye Glacier Formation was deposited 250 km inland from the modern Amery Ice Shelf edge in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica. The composition of clay minerals…1 January, 2006
A continuum model describing sea ice as a layer of granulated thick ice, consisting of many rigid, brittle floes, intersected by long and narrow regions of thinner ice, known as…Read more on Anisotropic model for granulated sea ice dynamics
1 January, 2006
In polar oceans, seawater freezes to form a layer of sea ice of several metres thickness that can cover up to 8% of the Earth’s surface. The modelled sea ice…Read more on Modelling the rheology of sea ice as a collection of diamond-shaped floes
1 January, 2006 by Joanne Johnson
Asterozoans (Echinodermata) of Late Miocene age (6.02 ± 0.12 Ma) are preserved as external moulds in water-lain tuffs of the James Ross Island Volcanic Group (JRIVG), James Ross Island, Antarctic…Read more on Late Miocene asterozoans (Echinodermata) from the James Ross Island Volcanic Group
1 January, 2006
A study of the stable isotope composition (δ18O, δ13C) of biogenic (ostracod, mollusc) and authigenic carbonates in the Ballagan Formation, Lower Carboniferous of Scotland, coupled with evidence from sedimentology and…1 January, 2006
The detailed test morphology of the type suite of Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady) is illustrated for the first time since the species was identified in 1877. Fossil representatives of this species…1 January, 2006 by Gareth Marshall
The Antarctic contribution to sea-level rise has long been uncertain. While regional variability in ice dynamics has been revealed, a picture of mass changes throughout the continental ice sheet is…1 January, 2006 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
Sea ice and dust flux increased greatly in the Southern Ocean during the last glacial period. Palaeorecords provide contradictory evidence about marine productivity in this region, but beyond one glacial…1 January, 2006 by Michael Meredith
Sub-surface pressure (SSP) data from tide gauges at three bases on the Pacific coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, together with SSP information from a bottom pressure recorder deployed on the…1 January, 2006 by Roger Worland
1. Many arthropods depress the freezing point of their body fluids (supercool) to avoid freezing at subzero temperatures. This is normally a seasonal response and is achieved by the production…Read more on Supercooling point frequency distributions in Collembola are affected by moulting
1 January, 2006
Abstract The distribution of many cephalopod, crustacean and fish species in the Southern Ocean, and adjacent waters, is poorly known, particularly during times of the year when research surveys are…1 January, 2006
We obtained growth rates of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus at different locations across the North Atlantic between May 1998 and June 2004. Animals were incubated for 2–9 days and fed…1 January, 2006 by Martin Collins
In summer 2003, the usually small directed fishery for the squid Loligo forbesi in the Moray Firth off the northeast coast of Scotland (UK) generated unusually high catches. This fishery,…1 January, 2006 by Lloyd Peck
To determine whether neuronal function in Antarctic crustaceans is adapted to the low and narrow range of temperatures at which these animals live, we have compared conduction velocities in the…1 January, 2006 by Lloyd Peck
Antarctic marine invertebrates live in a cold, thermally stable environment and cannot tolerate large changes in body temperature (i.e. they are stenothermal). Their temperate relatives, by contrast, are eurythermal, living…1 January, 2006
In April 2001, a major atmospheric dustfall event occurred in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon Territory, Canada. Field samples were collected and analyzed for particle size, mineralogy, chemical composition and…Read more on Asian dustfall in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada
16 December, 2005
Review of the film March of the Penguins1 December, 2005
Temperature observations between 20 and 120 km from the SABER instrument on the TIMED spacecraft are used to investigate the nature of planetary wave activity during the 60 days prior…11 November, 2005 by Nigel Meredith
The dynamic behaviour of the outer electron radiation belt makes this area of geo-space a candidate for the concept of self-organized criticality. It is shown here that frequency distributions of…1 November, 2005
Wind measurements from a series of atmospheric radars located around Antarctica have been used to characterize the mesospheric planetary-wave field during the winter of 2002. Combining winds from the medium-frequency…Read more on Mesospheric planetary waves over Antarctica during 2002
1 October, 2005 by John King, Michael Meredith
The climate of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is the most rapidly changing in the Southern Hemisphere, with a rise in atmospheric temperature of nearly 3°C since 1951 and associated…1 October, 2005 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
We present the first simulation results for electrons in the outer radiation belt near geosynchronous orbit, where radial diffusion and resonant interactions with whistler-mode chorus outside the plasmasphere are taken…1 June, 2005
Hydroxyl airglow temperatures measured over Davis station, Antarctica (68°S, 78°E) in 2002 are compared to an 8-year climatological mean. The 2002 winter average temperature was 5.1 ± 0.8K warmer than…Read more on Anomalous winter hydroxyl temperatures at 69°S during 2002 in a multiyear context
1 May, 2005
Simultaneous iron resonance lidar density profiles, OH intensity images and MF-radar wind measurements have been used to determine the horizontal and vertical components of high-frequency (1 May, 2005
We used temperature data from the Sounding of the Atmosphere with Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) on the the NASA TIMED satellite to quantify the connection between temperatures in the stratosphere…11 April, 2005 by Eric Wolff
Ice cores have provided many of the key pieces of evidence about past changes in climate and in forcing factors for climate. In particular, the core from Vostok (Antarctica) shows…Read more on The European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica
1 April, 2005
The sea ice fraction in the interior of the pack, especially in winter, is important for climate studies and for validation of sea ice models. When ice concentration is high,…Read more on Sea ice concentrations in the Weddell Sea: A comparison of SSM/I, ULS, and GCM data
1 April, 2005 by David Vaughan, Hamish Pritchard, John Turner
Satellite radar interferometry data from 1995 to 2004, and airborne ice thickness data from 2002, reveal that the glaciers flowing into former Wordie Ice Shelf, West Antarctic Peninsula, discharge 6.8…30 March, 2005 by Gareth Chisham, Mervyn Freeman
Determining reliable proxies for the ionospheric signature of the open-closed field line boundary (OCB) is crucial for making accurate ionospheric measurements of many magnetospheric processes (e.g. magnetic reconnection). This study…30 March, 2005
When the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) encounters the Earth's magnetosphere, it is compressed and distorted. This distortion is known as draping, and plays an important role in the interaction between…Read more on A multi-spacecraft survey of magnetic field line draping in the dayside magnetosheath
1 March, 2005 by Mark Clilverd, Michael Rose
Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) are a pointer to summer mesospheric conditions and have fuelled the debate over temperature differences between the Antarctic and Arctic mesopause regions. However few PMSE…Read more on Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) at Halley (76°S, 27°W), Antarctica
1 February, 2005 by Mervyn Freeman
Simple laminar flow models of the magnetosheath plasma lead to predictions of large-scale reconnection structures on the dayside magnetopause. There is observational evidence from the ionosphere that such structures exist.…Read more on Fractal reconnection structures on the magnetopause
1 January, 2005 by Howard Roscoe
No abstract available for this article.Read more on The 2002 split ozone hole – the wave of the century?
1 January, 2005
Helicolenus dactylopterus is an Atlantic benthopelagic fish species inhabiting high-energy habitats on continental slopes, seamounts and islands. Partial sequences of the mitochondrial control region (D-loop) and cytochrome b (cyt b)…1 January, 2005 by Claire Allen
We present a high-resolution paleoceanographic record of deglaciation based on diatom assemblages from a core located just south of the Polar Front in the southwest Atlantic. Core KC073 is from…1 January, 2005
Small anomalies in ice-shelf surface temperature correlate with measured microtopography. Clear-sky thermal infrared (TIR) images of the Brunt Ice Shelf, Antarctica, frequently show persistent patterns of anomalous snow surface temperatures.…Read more on Ice-shelf microtopography observed using satellite thermal imagery
1 January, 2005
An autonomous Doppler sodar wind profiling system has been designed, built, tested, and then deployed for 2 years at a remote site in Coats Land, Antarctica. The system is designed…Read more on An autonomous Doppler Sodar wind profiling system
1 January, 2005
The upper Ordovician succession of Jordan was located ~60°S, less than 100 km from the Hirnantian ice sheet margin. New graptolite dates indicate glaciation ended in Jordan in the late…1 January, 2005 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
The sensitivity of Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland, to perturbations in equilibrium line altitude (ELA) is analyzed by performing a series of model experiments using a shallow ice approximation (SIA) flow…1 January, 2005 by Lloyd Peck
The escape swimming performance of the Antarctic scallop, Adamussium colbecki, was measured in animals acclimated for 6 weeks to –1, 0 or 2°C and tested at –1.5 to +1.5°C. Clap…1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
Body size in animals varies with many parameters, amongst them taxonomic affiliation, lifestyle and ambient environment oxygen levels. Size has considerable implication to possibilities for animals; for example, parasites need…Read more on Body and resource size at the land–sea interface
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes, Peter Milner, Peter Milner
Organisms have travelled the Atlantic Ocean as neuston and have rafted on natural marine debris for millions of years. Shipping increased opportunities for marine organism travel mere thousands of years…1 January, 2005 by David Barnes, Lloyd Peck
The physiology of many organisms in many places varies with seasonality of environment characteristics. Polar marine environments are amongst the least and most seasonal. For example, sea temperature varies byRead more on Extremes of metabolic strategy in Antarctic Bryozoa
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
The Scotia Arc links Patagonia to the Antarctic Peninsula. This island chain has changed considerably since Antarctica’s geographic and thermal isolation from other land and water masses. Now its rates…1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
A generation of people have now grown up thinking that shorelines strewn with anthropogenic artefacts is normal. Yet this pehnomenon is just a few decades old and aesthetics and beach…Read more on Remote islands reveal rapid rise of Southern Hemisphere sea debris
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes, Peter Convey
High southern latitude island environments are unusual in having relatively low or, in some cases, no non-indigenous species (NIS). Here we describe the accidental transport and survivorship of moths (Lepidoptera,…Read more on Odyssey of stow-away noctuid moths to southern polar islands
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
Polar shores probably represent the most dynamic and extremely disturbed environments on the globe. Nevertheless intense battles amongst sessile organisms for space are commonplace on hard substrata, mainly between fast-growing…Read more on Bipolar patterns of intraspecific competition in bryozoans
1 January, 2005 by David Barnes
High polar communities tend to be young because of the frequent and intense impact of ice (scour), so colonisation patterns are particularly important. Yet, despite a wealth of studies at…Read more on Low colonisation on artificial substrata in arctic Spitsbergen
1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson, James Smith
This paper presents preliminary relative sea level curves for the Marguerite Bay region and for the South Shetland Islands. The Marguerite Bay curve is constrained by both new and previously…1 January, 2005 by Dominic Hodgson, Stephen Roberts
The recent collapse of several Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves has been linked to rapid regional atmospheric warming during the twentieth century. New high-resolution lake sediment records of Holocene ice-shelf behavior…Read more on Early Holocene retreat of the George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2005 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
An updated compilation of published and new data of major-ion (Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Na, NO3, SO4) and methylsulfonate (MS) concentrations in snow from 520 Antarctic sites is provided by…1 January, 2005
Small metazoans such as marine nematodes are increasingly identified using both molecular and morphological techniques. Formalin is the preferred fixative for morphological analysis but specimens become unsuitable for molecular study…1 January, 2005 by Robert Larter
The risks posed by a range of acoustic scientific instruments were assessed by the construction of matrices of scale and likelihood. We recognized six levels of impact ranging from none…1 January, 2005
We review current knowledge and understanding of the biology and ecology of the calanoid copepod Calanus helgolandicus in European waters, as well as provide a collaborative synthesis of data from…Read more on An overview of Calanus helgolandicus ecology in European waters
1 January, 2005
Non-destructive photographic techniques are valuable for surveying benthic epifauna in sensitive areas. Inherent in these techniques, however, are selectivity biases related to the scale at which surveys are conducted. Such…1 January, 2005
Recruitment is a principal factor determining the establishment, diversity and persistence of assemblages in marine benthic ecosystems. Despite considerable research in temperate and tropical latitudes, however, almost nothing is known…Read more on Seasonality of recruitment in Antarctic sessile marine benthos
1 January, 2005 by David Pearce, Melody Clark
A monophialidic species of Paecilomyces was isolated from the Antarctic springtail Cryptopygus antarcticus in the peninsular Antarctic. The fungus emerged through the carapace of dead arthropods during incubation at 4oC,…1 January, 2005
Molecular data has been used in fungal systematics since the 1970s, and its rate of incorporation has increased significantly in recent years. In phylogeny molecular data has already been used…Read more on The impact of molecular data in fungal systematics
1 January, 2005
The copepod Boeckella poppei is a major species in high latitude lakes of the Southern Hemisphere. In such lakes the reduced diversity of metazoans contrasts with a rich microbial assemblage,…1 January, 2005
New collections of plant material from the Merrick and Sweeney Mountains provide further evidence of Jurassic floral diversity in the Antarctic Peninsula. Eighteen taxa are recognised, including sphenophytes (Equisetum), ferns…Read more on Macrofossil floras of the Latady Basin, Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2005
Six new records of ferns from the late Albian flora of Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula, provide further evidence for a widespread Cretaceous Austral flora. Phyllopteroides antarctica sp. nov. is the…1 January, 2005
Based on the temporal distribution, abundance, and taxonomic composition of wood floras, four phases of vegetation development are recognized through the Cretaceous to Early Tertiary of the Antarctic Peninsula: (1)…1 January, 2005
Araucarian conifers are an important component of Cretaceous through Paleogene floras in the Antarctic Pensinsula. A well-preserved Eocene petrified trunk from Seymour Island, Antarctica reveals the growth form and bark…1 January, 2005 by Melody Clark
Twenty-one members of the secretin family (family 2) of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were identified via directed cloning and data-mining of the Fugu Genome Consortium database, representing the most comprehensive description…Read more on The secretin G-protein-coupled receptor family: teleost receptors
1 January, 2005
Empirical determination of the scaling properties and exponents of time series presents a formidable challenge in testing, and developing, a theoretical understanding of turbulence and other out-of-equilibrium phenomena. We discuss…1 January, 2005
Recently, Portelli et al (2003), Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 104501 have semi-numerically obtained a functional form of the probability distribution of fluctuations in the total energy flow in a model…1 January, 2005 by Gareth Chisham, Mai Mai Lam, Mervyn Freeman
The open-closed magnetic field line boundary (OCB) is best measured at the foot points of the boundary in the Earth's ionosphere where continuous and extensive spatiotemporal measurements can be made.…1 January, 2005 by Gareth Chisham, Mervyn Freeman
Determining reliable proxies for the ionospheric signature of the open-closed field line boundary (OCB) is crucial for making accurate measurements of magnetic reconnection. This study compares the latitudes of spectral…