Showing 11862 items
1 January, 2008 by Huw Griffiths
The Antarctic gastropod Dickdellia labioflecta (Dell, 1990) (originally described as Laevilittorina (Corneolittorina) labioflecta) is an obligate parasite of pycnogonids, which exploits their body fluids through the cuticular gland holes (Lehmann…1 January, 2008
Studies of post-mortem interval on the stability of RNA from a number of various mammals have shown RNA to be stable for between 24 and 48 h following death. As…Read more on Stability of RNA isolated from post-mortem tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
1 January, 2008 by Mark Clilverd
The stratospheric and mesospheric impacts of the solar proton events of January 2005 are studied here using ion and neutral chemistry modeling and subionospheric radio wave propagation observations and modeling.…Read more on The effects of hard-spectra solar proton events on the middle atmosphere
1 January, 2008 by Nigel Meredith
In this paper, we focus on the modeling of radial transport in the Earth's outer radiation belt. A historical overview of the first observations of the radiation belts is presented,…1 January, 2008 by Nigel Meredith
This paper focuses on the modeling of local acceleration and loss processes in the outer radiation belt. We begin by reviewing the statistical properties of waves that violate the first…1 January, 2008 by Eric Wolff, Louise Sime
Results from an isotope-enabled general circulation model are presented in order to determine the isotopic signal of a warmer climate on Antarctica. The warming is forced using CO2 forecasts for…Read more on Antarctic isotopic thermometer during a CO2 forced warming event
1 January, 2008
Many shallow water polar communities demonstrate considerable change along a bathymetric gradient. However, it is currently unclear whether community change is generally continuous or discrete. To determine the nature of…1 January, 2008
Benthic communities in nearshore habitats around Antarctica are strongly influenced by ice disturbance. It has been suggested that where ice scour disturbance is severe, the relative importance of certain ecological…1 January, 2008
Studies from temperate and tropical regions have shown that variability in the distribution of benthos exists at different spatial scales. There are very few similar studies from polar systems, the…1 January, 2008 by David Barnes
Disturbance has always shaped the evolution and ecology of organisms and nowhere is this more apparent that on the iceberg gouged continental shelves of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). The vast…1 January, 2008 by David Barnes, Lloyd Peck
Disturbance is a key structuring force influencing shallow water communities at all latitudes. Polar nearshore communities are intensely disturbed by ice, yet little is known about benthic recovery following iceberg…1 January, 2008
Subglacially-erupted volcanic sequences provide proxies for a unique range of palaeo-ice parameters and they are potentially highly useful archives of palaeoenvironmental information, particularly for pre-Quaternary periods. They can thus be…1 January, 2008 by Joanne Johnson
Basaltic volcanism in the James Ross Island region has been persistent over the last 6 million years resulting in at least 50 mainly effusive eruptions that are preserved predominantly as…1 January, 2008 by Iain Staniland
Antarctic fur seals show extreme sexual size dimorphism and their breeding strategies place very different constraints on the behaviour of males and females. Whereas the foraging behaviour of lactating females…1 January, 2008
The last two abrupt warmings at the onset of our present warm interglacial period, interrupted by the Younger Dryas cooling event, were investigated at high temporal resolution from the North…1 January, 2008
The Mariana Arc of submarine volcanoes has recently been the site of an international, interdisciplinary study into the structure and function of the associated hydrothermal systems. A broad size range…1 January, 2008
Astrammina rara, Crithionina delacai, and Notodendrodes hyalinosphaira are 3 of the largest and most abundant members of the foraminiferal assemblage at a shallow-water (28 to 32 m) site in Explorers…1 January, 2008 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
Nonadiabatic loss processes of radiation belt energetic electrons include precipitation loss to the atmosphere due to pitch-angle scattering by various magnetospheric plasma wave modes. Here we consider electron precipitation loss…Read more on Electron scattering by whistler-mode ELF hiss in plasmaspheric plumes
1 January, 2008
The Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) is a time scale based on annual layer counting of high-resolution records from Greenland ice cores. Whereas the Holocene part of the time…Read more on A 60 000 year Greenland stratigraphic ice core chronology
1 January, 2008 by Philip Trathan, Vsevolod Afanasyev
We used miniature light-level/immersion loggers (geolocators) to study the movements and behavior of two Streaked Shearwaters (Calonectris leucomelas) during their travel away from Japan, after the breeding season. During the…1 January, 2008 by Geraint Tarling
Levels of infestation by the suctorian Ephelota sp. were determined in Antarctic krill taken in the north-eastern region of the Scotia sea, close to the island of South Georgia. Individuals…1 January, 2008 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Robert Larter
Today, Antarctica exhibits some of the harshest environmental conditions for life on Earth. During the last glacial period, Antarctic terrestrial and marine life was challenged by even more extreme environmental…Read more on Life hung by a thread: endurance of Antarctic fauna in glacial periods
1 January, 2008 by Gareth Marshall, Liz Thomas
We present results from a new medium depth (136 metres) ice core drilled in a high accumulation site (73.59S,70.36W) on the south-western Antarctic Peninsula during 2007. The Gomez record reveals…Read more on A doubling in snow accumulation in the western Antarctic Peninsula since 1850
1 January, 2008 by Eric Wolff, Liz Thomas, Robert Mulvaney
A new sub-seasonal chemical record is presented from the North Greenland Icecore Project (NorthGRIP) ice core during the onset of one of the longest and strongest interstadials of the last…Read more on A change in seasonality in Greenland during a Dansgaard–Oeschger warming
1 January, 2008 by Andrew Fleming, Martin Collins, Philip Trathan
Marine predators are thought to follow sophisticated scale-dependent search strategies when seeking patchy and unpredictable prey. However, fine-scale information about these strategies has hitherto been difficult to obtain for diving…Read more on Linear tracks and restricted temperature ranges characterise penguin foraging pathways
1 January, 2008 by Jaume Forcada, Philip Trathan
Goudier Island is located in the Palmer Archipelago, to the west of the Antarctic Peninsula; it is one of the most frequently visited tourist sites in Antarctica. A number of…1 January, 2008 by Jonathan Shanklin
The 2007 Antarctic ozone hole is reviewed from a variety of perspectives, making use of various Australian data and analyses. The 2007 ozone hole was relatively modest, particularly in comparison…1 January, 2008 by Kevin Newsham
The two native Antarctic vascular plant species, Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, were sampled from 15 points along a 1480 km latitudinal transect from South Georgia (54°S, 36°W) through to…1 January, 2008 by Andrew Orr, Gareth Marshall, John King
The large regional summer warming on the east coast of the northern Antarctic Peninsula (AP), which has taken place since the mid-1960s, has previously been proposed to be caused by…1 January, 2008
El Nino Southern Oscillation events have been associated with large fluctuations in seabird and landbird populations of the Galapagos Islands. We reveal different effects of climatic variation on the abundance…1 January, 2008 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
We present results from our three-dimensional (3-D) simulations using the Salammbô electron radiation belt physical model. We have run steady state and dynamic storm test case simulations to study the…1 January, 2008
The oceanic southern margin of Gondwana, from southern South America through South Africa, West Antarctica, New Zealand (in its pre break-up position), and Victoria Land to Eastern Australia is one…1 January, 2008 by David Vaughan
It is now almost 30 years since John Mercer (1978) first presented the idea that climate change could eventually cause a rapid deglaciation, or “collapse”, of a large part of…Read more on West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse – the fall and rise of a paradigm
1 January, 2008 by Andy Smith, David Vaughan, Hugh Corr, Hamish Pritchard
Rutford Ice Stream and Carlson Inlet are neighbouring glaciers in West Antarctica. Rutford Ice Stream flows at speeds greater than 350m a(-1), whereas Carlson Inlet, which has some similar dimensions…1 January, 2008 by Melody Clark
Marine scientists in Europe summarize their successes with genome technologies in the marine sciences and make a plea for a concerted international effort to raise greater public education for support.1 January, 2008 by Andrew Clarke, Michael Meredith
Internal waves and coastal upwelling have important roles in both physical oceanography and marine ecosystems, via processes such as mixing of water masses and transfer of heat and nutrients to…1 January, 2008
Despite being one of the most intensely studied habitat types worldwide, the intertidal region around Antarctica has received little more than superficial study. Despite this, the first detailed study of…1 January, 2008 by Claire Waluda, Huw Griffiths, Paul Rodhouse
Illex argentinus, the Argentine short-finned squid, is an important species within the Patagonian shelf ecosystem, where it supports a major multi-national fishery. The fishing fleet operating in this region is…Read more on Remotely-sensed spatial dynamics of the Illex argentinus fishery, Southwest Atlantic
1 January, 2008 by Richard Horne
Plasma wave observations on Voyager, Ulysses, and Galileo have shown that whistler-mode hiss at frequencies below one kHz is continuously present in the extended Io torus of Jupiter. Cyclotron resonant…1 January, 2008 by Michael Meredith, Zhaomin Wang
We investigate the representation of Southern Hemisphere subpolar gyres in 20 IPCC AR4 climate models. The models reproduce three southern subpolar gyres: the Weddell Gyre, Ross Gyre, and Australian-Antarctic Gyre,…Read more on Density-driven Southern Hemisphere subpolar gyres in coupled climate models
1 January, 2008 by Michael Meredith, Peter Ward
The earliest comprehensive plankton sampling programme in the Southern Ocean was 32 undertaken during the early part of last century by Discovery Investigations to gain a 33 greater scientific understanding…1 January, 2008 by Mervyn Freeman
The use of complexity-based approaches may help to advance our understanding of Earth as a system.1 January, 2008 by Alexander Tate
The distribution of metamorphic rocks in the Antarctic Peninsula region, new quantitative peak pressure-temperature data along the Antarctic Peninsula, and a literature review on the current knowledge of metamorphic conditions…Read more on Metamorphic rocks in the Antarctic Peninsula region
1 January, 2008 by Sally Thorpe
The blooms associated with South Georgia coincide with the largest predicted carbon sink in the Southern Ocean. A major injection of iron and silica is required to sustain them over…1 January, 2008 by Michael Meredith, Peter Ward
The Southern Ocean is known to have warmed considerably during the second half of the 20th century but there are few locations with data before the 1950s. In addition, assessments…1 January, 2008 by Rowan Whittle
More than 20 partial scolecodout Clusters were recovered from the Soom Shale Lagerstatte, South Africa. The specimens were found in association with chitinozoans, algae, conodont apparatuses and the enigmatic needle-like…1 January, 2008
Descent and spreading of high salinity water generated by salt rejection during sea ice formation in an Antarctic coastal polynya is studied using a hydrostatic, primitive equation three-dimensional ocean model…Read more on Generation of a buoyancy-driven coastal current by an Antarctic polynya
1 January, 2008 by Eric Wolff
The later parts of the Quaternary are of particular importance for assessing out ability to understand the future operation of the Earth because the main boundary conditions are similar to…Read more on The past 800 ka viewed through Antarctic ice cores
1 January, 2008 by Roger Worland, Peter Convey
Research into the ecophysiology of arthropod cold tolerance has largely focussed on those parts of the year and/or the life cycle in which cold stress is most likely to be…1 January, 2008 by Gareth Chisham
The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) network of HF coherent backscatter radars form a unique global diagnostic of large-scale ionospheric and magnetospheric dynamics in the northern and southern hemispheres.…1 January, 2008
Aim To determine patterns in diversity of a major Antarctic plant species, including relationships of Antarctic populations with those outside the Antarctic zone. Location Antarctic Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica, sub-Antarctic islands,…1 January, 2008 by David Barnes, Huw Griffiths
Aim To describe the distribution of biodiversity and endemism of bryozoans in southern temperate and polar waters. We hypothesized that we would find: (1) no strong latitudinal richness gradient; (2)…Read more on Biodiversity and biogeography of southern temperate and polar bryozoans
7 December, 2007 by Gareth Chisham, Mervyn Freeman
We present a detailed analysis of the spatial structure of the ionospheric plasma velocity in the nightside F-region ionosphere, poleward of the open-closed magnetic field line boundary (OCB), i.e. in…1 November, 2007 by John Turner, Simeon Hill
Fisheries scientists habitually consider uncertainty in parameter values, but often neglect uncertainty about model structure. The importance of this latter source of uncertainty is likely to increase with the greater…Read more on Model uncertainty in the ecosystem approach to fisheries
1 November, 2007
We present an analysis of a long-term archive of horizontal wind data derived from meteor wind observations from a SuperDARN radar at Halley, Antarctica (76S, 27W). Systematic differences between the…1 November, 2007
Spiracle and tracheal structure in the extant Ixodida is revised and shown to comprise 29 distinct component characters, some of which are common to all Anactinotrichida, while others are unique…8 October, 2007
1-D profiles and time series from an idealised atmospheric boundary layer model are presented, which show agreement with boundary layer measurements of polar NOx. Diffusion models are increasingly being used…Read more on Behaviour of tracer diffusion in simple atmospheric boundary layer models
1 October, 2007 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
During the Halloween Storm period (October–November 2003), a new Van Allen belt electron population was powerfully accelerated. The inner belt of electrons formed in this process decayed over a period…Read more on Low-altitude measurements of 2–6 MeV electron trapping lifetimes at 1.5 ≤ L ≤ 2.5
7 September, 2007
An automated gas chromatograph with sample pre-concentration for the measurement of peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) was constructed with a minimum detection limit below 1 pptv. This instrument was deployed at the British…5 September, 2007 by Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark
We describe the levels of natural arm damage in the Antarctic brittle star Ophionotus victoriae and the rate of arm regeneration over the period of 1 yr, as measured in…Read more on Delayed arm regeneration in the Antarctic brittlestar Ophionotus victoriae
1 September, 2007 by Mark Clilverd
In this study we investigate periods of enhanced ionization in the mesosphere during Northern Hemisphere wintertime. Long-lasting ionization enhancements (days) are typically produced by solar proton events or by the…1 September, 2007 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
Local acceleration is required to explain electron flux increases in the outer Van Allen radiation belt during magnetic storms. Here we show that fast magnetosonic waves, detected by Cluster 3,…Read more on Electron acceleration in the Van Allen radiation belts by fast magnetosonic waves
22 August, 2007 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff, Markus Frey
It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been reported to occur…Read more on An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts
17 August, 2007 by Eric Wolff
The EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) Dome C drilling in East Antarctica has now been completed to a depth of 3260 m, at only a few meters…Read more on The EDC3 chronology for the EPICA Dome C ice core
7 August, 2007 by Eric Wolff
A chronology called EDML1 has been developed for the EPICA ice core from Dronning Maud Land (EDML). EDML1 is closely interlinked with EDC3, the new chronology for the EPICA ice…1 August, 2007 by Nigel Meredith
Using ray tracing and suprathermal electron distributions from CRRES, the final propagation latitudes of typical chorus rays are calculated as a function of L, MLT, AE, and initial wave normal…Read more on Ray tracing of penetrating chorus and its implications for the radiation belts
1 August, 2007 by David Vaughan, Hugh Corr
Airborne radio echo sounding of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet over Pine Island Glacier was performed in the austral summer of 2004/2005 under the National Science Foundation's West Antarctic Ice…18 July, 2007 by Mark Clilverd, Tracy Moffat-Griffin
. In the polar atmosphere, significant chemical and ionization changes occur during solar proton events (SPE). The access of solar protons to this region is limited by the dynamically changing…Read more on Improved dynamic geomagnetic rigidity cutoff modeling: testing predictive accuracy
2 July, 2007 by Eric Wolff
A common time scale for the EPICA ice cores from Dome C (EDC) and Dronning Maud Land (EDML) has been established. Since the EDML core was not drilled on a…1 June, 2007 by Mark Clilverd
We report GOMOS nighttime observations of middle atmosphere NO2 and O-3 profiles during eight recent polar winters in the Arctic and Antarctic. The NO2 measurements are used to study the…Read more on Arctic and Antarctic polar winter NOx and energetic particle precipitation in 2002-2006
1 June, 2007 by Nigel Meredith
Wave-particle interactions lead to the loss of relativistic electrons from the outer radiation belt on timescales ranging from hours to weeks. For a fixed value of chorus wave amplitudes pitch-angle…1 April, 2007 by Mervyn Freeman
We re-examine whether substorms are triggered by solar wind fluctuations or an internal magnetospheric instability by comparing the statistical associations between substorm onsets and (1) an external trigger definition, (2)…27 March, 2007 by Eric Wolff
The role of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in possible future rapid climate changes is much debated. The U.K. Natural Environment Research Council initiated a program called Rapid…Read more on Rapid climate change and the role of ocean circulation
1 March, 2007 by John King
We examine the sensitivity of the modelled climate of the third generation Hadley Centre climate model to changes in the parametrization of surface and boundary-layer fluxes under stable stratification. Replacing…1 March, 2007 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
This paper investigate the large mean sea level pressure errors in the HadCM3 atmosphere-ocean global climate model around Antarctica and finds them to be caused by the sea surface temperature…24 February, 2007 by Eric Wolff
Sea salt and mineral dust records as represented by Na+ and Ca2+ concentrations, respectively, in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores show pronounced glacial/interglacial variations. For the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)…1 February, 2007 by Eugene Murphy, Jonathan Watkins, Sally Thorpe
Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba Dana, has a heterogeneous circumpolar distribution in the Southern Ocean. Krill have a close association with sea ice which provides access to a critical food source…1 January, 2007
Following the PPARC programmatic review announced in the spring of last year, with its gloomy outlook for solar–terrestrial physics, three young scientists in the field mobilized the junior members of…1 January, 2007 by Richard Horne
Relativistic electrons in the outer Van Allen belt wreak havoc with satellites in geosynchronous orbit, but how they reach such high energies has been unclear. New data identify gyro-resonant wave-particle…Read more on Plasma astrophysics: Acceleration of killer electrons
1 January, 2007 by Eric Wolff, Robert Mulvaney
Ice core records of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) from three sites around the Weddell Sea are investigated for their potential as sea ice proxies. It is found that the amount of…1 January, 2007 by Jaume Forcada
This paper presents baseline information on maternal behaviour and lactation in the Mediterranean monk seal, with particular focus on the age at which pups are weaned. The study was conducted…1 January, 2007
During recent cruises aboard RV Polarstern in the Antarctic Peninsula region, a new species of benthic octopodid was discovered whose generic affinities based on morphological characteristics were uncertain. Molecular sequence…Read more on A new species of Pareledone (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from Antarctic Peninsula Waters
1 January, 2007
We measured the photoformation of hydroxyl radical (OH) on snow grains at Summit, Greenland during the spring and summer. Midday rates of OH formation in the snow phase in the…Read more on Photoformation of hydroxyl radical on snow grains at Summit, Greenland
1 January, 2007 by Andrew Clarke, Lloyd Peck
Benthic communities living in shallow-shelf habitats in Antarctica (Read more on Climate change and invasibility of the Antarctic benthos
1 January, 2007 by Robert Mulvaney
Trends of carbon monoxide (CO) for the past 100 years are reported as derived from Antarctic firn drilling expeditions. Only one of 3 campaigns provided high quality results. The trend…1 January, 2007 by David Barnes
A decade has yielded much progress in understanding polar disturbance and community recovery—mainly through quantifying ice scour rates, other disturbance levels, larval abundance and diversity, colonization rates and response of…Read more on Disturbance, colonization and development of Antarctic benthic communities