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Global seabird response to forage fish depletion – one-third for the birds
1 January, 2011 by Eugene Murphy
Determining the form of key predator-prey relationships is critical for understanding marine ecosystem dynamics. Using a comprehensive global database, we quantified the effect of fluctuations in food abundance on seabird…Read more on Global seabird response to forage fish depletion – one-third for the birds
Reconstructed streamflow for Citarum River, Java, Indonesia: linkages to tropical climate dynamics
1 January, 2011
The Citarum river basin of western Java, Indonesia, which supplies water to 10 million residents in Jakarta, has become increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic change. Citarum's streamflow record, only similar to…The 8200 yr BP cold event in stable isotope records from the North Atlantic region
1 January, 2011 by Eric Wolff, Liz Thomas
An abrupt cold event ca. 8200 cal. yr BP, is believed to have been caused by the catastrophic release of ice-dammed meltwater from Lake Agassiz and associated disruption of the…Read more on The 8200 yr BP cold event in stable isotope records from the North Atlantic region
Aura MLS observations of the westward-propagating s=1, 16-day planetary wave in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere
1 January, 2011
The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite has been used to measure temperatures in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The data used here are from August 2004…DNA barcoding and molecular systematics of the benthic and demersal organisms of the CEAMARC survey
1 January, 2011 by David Barnes, Huw Griffiths, Katrin Linse
The Dumont d’Urville Sea (East Antarctic region) has been less investigated for DNA barcoding and molecular taxonomy than other parts of the Southern Ocean, such as the Ross Sea and…Breaking the routine: individual Cory’s shearwaters shift winter destinations between hemispheres and across ocean basins
1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
There is growing evidence that migratory species are particularly vulnerable to rapid environmental changes arising from human activity. Species are expected to vary in their capacity to respond to these…Post-breeding dispersal of Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) nesting at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
1 January, 2011 by Janet Silk, Michael Dunn, Philip Trathan
ARGOS satellite telemetry and Global Location Sensors (geolocators) were used to identify the moult locations and the winter foraging dispersal of Adélie penguins after they left their breeding colonies on…Economic value of improved quantification in global sources and sinks of carbon dioxide
1 January, 2011
On average, about 45 per cent of global annual anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions remain in the atmosphere, while the remainder are taken up by carbon reservoirs on land and…Read more on Economic value of improved quantification in global sources and sinks of carbon dioxide
Provenance changes between recent and glacial-time sediments in the Amundsen Sea embayment, West Antarctica: clay mineral assemblage evidence
1 January, 2011 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James Smith
The Amundsen Sea embayment is a probable site for the initiation of a future collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the…Near-bottom current direction inferred from comatulid crinoid feeding postures on the Terre Adelie and George V shelf, East Antarctica
1 January, 2011 by Huw Griffiths
For the first time, comatulid crinoid feeding behaviour is used to infer near-bottom current (NBC) directions on the Terre Adélie and George V shelf, East Antarctica. We analysed 47 still-image…Changes in lichen diversity and community structure with fur seal population increase on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands
1 January, 2011 by Roger Worland, Peter Convey
Signy Island has experienced a dramatic increase in fur seal numbers over recent decades, which has led to the devastation of lowland terrestrial vegetation, with the eradication of moss turfs…Low cyanobacterial diversity in biotopes of the Transantarctic Mountains and Shackleton Range (80-82 degrees S), Antarctica
1 January, 2011 by Dominic Hodgson, Peter Convey
The evolutionary history and geographical isolation of the Antarctic continent have produced a unique environment rich in endemic organisms. In many regions of Antarctica, cyanobacteria are the dominant phototrophs in…East Antarctic rifting triggers uplift of the Gamburtsev Mountains
1 January, 2011 by Lester Anderson, Fausto Ferraccioli, Tom Jordan
The Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains are the least understood tectonic feature on Earth, because they are completely hidden beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Their high elevation and youthful Alpine topography,…Read more on East Antarctic rifting triggers uplift of the Gamburtsev Mountains
Crenarchaea and phytoplankton coupling in sedimentary archives: Common trigger or metabolic dependence?
1 January, 2011 by Victoria Peck
The concentrations of chlorins (chlorophyll transformation products indicative of phytoplankton production) and crenarchaeol (a marker for Crenarchaea abundance) are significantly positively correlated (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r(s) > 0.75) in…Recent developments in the radiation belt environment model
1 January, 2011 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
The fluxes of energetic particles in the radiation belts are found to be strongly controlled by the solar wind conditions. In order to understand and predict the radiation particle intensities,…Read more on Recent developments in the radiation belt environment model
Individual state and survival prospects: age, sex, and telomere length in a long-lived seabird
1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Identifying markers that are indicative of individual state, related to fitness, and which could be used to study life-history tradeoffs in wild populations is extremely difficult. Recently, it has been…Snow optical properties at Dome C, (Concordia), Antarctica: implications for snow emissions and snow chemistry of reactive nitrogen
1 January, 2011 by Markus Frey
Measurements of e-folding depth, nadir reflectivity and stratigraphy of the snowpack around Concordia station (Dome C, 75.10 S, 123.31 E) were undertaken to determine wavelength dependent coefficients (350 nm to…Synoptic analysis of the Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern
1 January, 2011
In this study, we use various diagnostic techniques to investigate the synoptic evolution of the Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern (PNA). National Center for Environment Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis…Read more on Synoptic analysis of the Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern
On the persistence and predictability properties of North Atlantic climate variability
1 January, 2011
The persistence and climate noise properties of North Atlantic climate variability are of importance for trend identification and assessing predictability on all time scales from several days to many decades.…Read more on On the persistence and predictability properties of North Atlantic climate variability
Persistent circulation regimes and preferred regime transitions in the North Atlantic
1 January, 2011
The persistent regime behavior of the eddy-driven jet stream over the North Atlantic is investigated. The North Atlantic jet stream variability is characterized by the latitude of the maximumlower tropospheric…Read more on Persistent circulation regimes and preferred regime transitions in the North Atlantic
Detecting and mapping vegetation distribution on the Antarctic Peninsula from remote sensing data
1 January, 2011 by Andrew Fleming, Helen Peat, Kevin Hughes, Peter Convey, Peter Fretwell
We present the first regional map of vegetation of anywhere on the Antarctic continent based on remote sensing (RS) data. We have used a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for…Movements and wintering areas of breeding age Thick-billed Murre Uria lomvia from two colonies in Nunavut, Canada
1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
The non-breeding movements of marine birds were poorly known until recently, but this information is essential to understanding the risk to different geographical populations from events on the wintering grounds.…In-situ quantification of ice rheology and direct measurement of the Raymond Effect at Summit, Greenland using a phase-sensitive radar
1 January, 2011 by Adrian Jenkins, Ed King, Hugh Corr, Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
The Glen exponent ncharacterizes the stress-dependence of ice deformation, directly influencing the rate at which ice masses respond to external forcing. The slow deformation in large ice-sheets makes laboratory rheometry…Combining stable isotope analyses and geolocation to reveal kittiwake migration
1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Determining migratory strategies of seabirds is still a major challenge due to their relative inaccessibility. Small geolocators are improving this knowledge, but not all birds can be tracked. Stable isotope…Read more on Combining stable isotope analyses and geolocation to reveal kittiwake migration
An improved bathymetry compilation for the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica, to inform ice-sheet and ocean models
1 January, 2011 by Robert Larter
The southern Bellingshausen Sea (SBS) is a rapidly-changing part of West Antarctica, where oceanic and atmospheric warming has led to the recent basal melting and break-up of the Wilkins ice…The Pleistocene glaciations of the North Sea Basin
1 January, 2011
We review the Quaternary geology of the North Sea area, summarising evidence for extents, configurations and timing of former glacial activity, focusing attention on key sites across the basin, and…Read more on The Pleistocene glaciations of the North Sea Basin
North Atlantic climate responses to perturbations in Antarctic intermediate water
1 January, 2011 by Zhaomin Wang
Recent observations suggest Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) properties are changing. The impact of such variations is explored using idealised perturbation experiments with a coupled climate model, HadCM3. AAIW properties are…Read more on North Atlantic climate responses to perturbations in Antarctic intermediate water
Albatrosses following fishing vessels: how badly hooked are they on an easy meal?
1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Fisheries have major impacts on seabirds, both by changing food availability and by causing direct mortality of birds during trawling and longline setting. However, little is known about the nature…Read more on Albatrosses following fishing vessels: how badly hooked are they on an easy meal?
Reproductive ecology of the circumpolar Antarctic nemertean Parborlasia corrugatus: No evidence for inter-annual variation
1 January, 2011 by Lloyd Peck
Waters around the Antarctic Peninsula are experiencing one of the fastest rates of warming seen anywhere on Earth in the sea in recent times. Species inhabiting nearshore seabed sites in…Fertilization success of the circumpolar Antarctic seastar Odontaster validus (Koehler, 1906): a diver-collected study
1 January, 2011 by Lloyd Peck
Broadcast spawning invertebrates in the Antarctic encounter a very arduous and unforgiving environment, where consistently low temperatures, high seawater viscosities and at times high flow conditions undermine successful sperm-egg interactions.…Antarctic DNA barcoding: a drop in the ocean
1 January, 2011 by Huw Griffiths
Coordinated, circum-Antarctic sampling expeditions during International Polar Year 2008/09 have given access to comprehensive collections suitable for DNA barcoding. Collaborations between the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (CAML), the Marine…Biodiversity and biogeography of Southern Ocean pycnogonids
1 January, 2011 by Huw Griffiths, Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
The pycnogonids of the Southern Ocean have been studied for almost two centuries and have played a key role in shaping previous biogeographic regions for the Antarctic benthos. The aim…Read more on Biodiversity and biogeography of Southern Ocean pycnogonids
Quantifying Antarctic marine biodiversity: The SCAR-MarBIN data portal
1 January, 2011 by Andrew Clarke, Huw Griffiths
The documentation and analysis of broad-scale biological diversity requires modern databases. Here we describe the SCAR-Marine Biodiversity Information Network (SCAR-MarBIN) and demonstrate its value with a preliminary analysis of geographic…Read more on Quantifying Antarctic marine biodiversity: The SCAR-MarBIN data portal
Ice-stream response to ocean tides and the form of the basal sliding law
1 January, 2011 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
The response of ice streams to ocean tides is investigated. Numerical modelling experiments are conducted using a two-dimensional flow-line model of coupled ice-stream and ice-shelf flow. The model includes all…Read more on Ice-stream response to ocean tides and the form of the basal sliding law
A dispersive migration in the Atlantic Puffin and its implications for migratory navigation
1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Navigational control of avian migration is understood, largely from the study of terrestrial birds, to depend on either genetically or culturally inherited information. By tracking the individual migrations of Atlantic…Biodiversity change after climate-induced ice-shelf collapse in the Antarctic
1 January, 2011 by Katrin Linse
The marine ecosystem on the eastern shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula was surveyed 5 and 12 years after the climate-induced collapse of the Larsen A and B ice shelves. An…Read more on Biodiversity change after climate-induced ice-shelf collapse in the Antarctic
Overfishing of small pelagic fishes increases trophic overlap between immature and mature striped dolphins in the Mediterranean Sea
1 January, 2011 by Jaume Forcada
The interactions among diet, ecology, physiology, and biochemistry affect N and C stable isotope signatures in animal tissues. Here, we examined if ecological segregation among animals in relation to sex…Magmatic evolution of a dying spreading axis: evidence for the interaction of tectonics and mantle heterogeneity from the fossil Phoenix Ridge, Drake Passage
1 January, 2011 by Philip Leat
New 40Ar–39Ar ages of 5.6 to 1.3 Ma for lavas from the fossil Phoenix Ridge in the Drake Passage show that magmatism continued for at least 2 Ma after the…Centennial- to millennial-scale ice-ocean interactions in the subpolar Northeast Atlantic 18-41 kyr ago
1 January, 2011 by Victoria Peck
In order to monitor the evolution of the British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) and its influence in surface ocean structure during marine isotopic stages (MIS) 2 and 3, we have analyzed…Assessing the catastrophic break-up of Briksdalsbreen, Norway, associated with rapid climate change
1 January, 2011
Recent research has raised concerns about the potential influence of rapid climate change on the stability of major ice sheets. The behaviour of glaciers is determined largely by the processes…Lithologic mapping in the Oscar II Coast area, Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula using ASTER data
1 January, 2011 by Teal Riley
The results of the first attempt to use Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data for the purposes of lithologic mapping on the Antarctic Peninsula are presented for…Veery (Catharus Fuscescens) wintering locations, migratory connectivity, and a revision of its winter range using geolocator technology
1 January, 2011 by Vsevolod Afanasyev
We used light-level archival geolocators to track five Veeries (Catharus fuscescens) for one annual cycle as they migrated from Delaware to South America and back. Southward migration commenced in late…Reducing uncertainty on the Grand Bank: tracking and vessel surveys indicate mortality risks for common murres in the North-West Atlantic
1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Seabirds and other marine animals are at risk from anthropogenic activities that target them directly and those that can harm them incidentally. We integrate year-round tracking and vessel studies to…Changes in micronutrient supply to the surface Southern Ocean (Atlantic Sector) across the glacial termination
1 January, 2011 by Claire Allen
Major deepwater masses upwell and reach the surface in the Southern Ocean, forming an important conduit supplying nutrients and micronutrients to the surface and playing a key role in the…Winds and tides in the mid-latitude Southern Hemisphere upper mesosphere recorded with the Falkland Islands SuperDARN radar
1 January, 2011 by Mervyn Freeman
Meteor wind data from the first year of operation of the Falkland Islands SuperDARN radar (52° S, 59° W) are used to characterize the atmospheric tides and background winds in…The use of integrated sedimentological and geophysical methods in drumlin research – a case study of Pigeon Point, Clew Bay, Northwest Ireland
1 January, 2011 by Ed King
Despite significant advances over the past decades, our understanding of drumlin formation and associated ice-bed processes is still incomplete. In this paper, we present the integrated use of geomorphological, sedimentological…Vascular plant success in a warming Antarctic may be due to efficient nitrogen acquisition
1 January, 2011 by Kevin Newsham
For the past 50 years there has been rapid warming in the maritime Antarctic1, 2, 3, with concurrent, and probably temperature-mediated, proliferation of the two native plants, Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus…Soil- and enantiomer-specific metabolism of amino acids and their peptides by Antarctic soil microorganisms
1 January, 2011 by Kevin Newsham
Most nitrogen (N) enters many Arctic and Antarctic soil ecosystems as protein. Soils in these polar environments frequently contain large stocks of proteinaceous organic matter, which has decomposed slowly due…Acquisition and assimilation of nitrogen as peptide-bound and D-enantiomers of amino acids by wheat
1 January, 2011 by Kevin Newsham
Nitrogen is a key regulator of primary productivity in many terrestrial ecosystems. Historically, only inorganic N (NH4+ and NO3-) and L-amino acids have been considered to be important to the…Ill-posedness of the shallow-ice approximation when modelling thermoviscous instabilities
1 January, 2011 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
A recent paper by Reference CalovCalov and others (2010) presents an intercomparison of several numerical ice-sheet models where the development of large-scale thermo-viscous instabilities is compared. In all but one…Bayesian inference of a historical bottleneck in a heavily exploited marine mammal
1 January, 2011 by Jaume Forcada, Susie Grant
Emerging Bayesian analytical approaches offer increasingly sophisticated means of reconstructing historical population dynamics from genetic data, but have been little applied to scenarios involving demographic bottlenecks. Consequently, we analysed a…Read more on Bayesian inference of a historical bottleneck in a heavily exploited marine mammal
Effects of brooding and broadcasting reproductive modes on the population genetic structure of two Antarctic gastropod molluscs
1 January, 2011 by Andrew Clarke, Katrin Linse, Lloyd Peck
Life-history characteristics exert a profound influence upon the population structure of many marine organisms. However, relatively few genetic studies have compared direct with indirect-developing species in the same ecosystem or…Strong population genetic structure in a broadcast-spawning Antarctic marine invertebrate
1 January, 2011 by Andrew Clarke, Katrin Linse, Lloyd Peck
Although studies of population genetic structure are commonplace, a strong bias exists toward species from low latitudes and with relatively poor dispersal capabilities. Consequently, we used 280 amplified fragment length…Highly diverse, poorly studied and uniquely threatened by climate change: an assessment of marine biodiversity on South Georgia’s continental shelf
1 January, 2011 by David Barnes, Huw Griffiths, Oliver Hogg
We attempt to quantify how significant the polar archipelago of South Georgia is as a source of regional and global marine biodiversity. We evaluate numbers of rare, endemic and range-edge…The Mid-Brunhes Event and West Antarctic Ice Sheet stability
1 January, 2011 by Eric Wolff
The complex cyclical nature of Pleistocene climate, driven by the evolving orbital configuration of the Earth, is well known but not well understood. A major climatic transition took place at…Read more on The Mid-Brunhes Event and West Antarctic Ice Sheet stability
Rapid climate change: lessons from the recent geological past
1 January, 2011 by Eric Wolff
Rapid, or abrupt, climate change is regarded as a change in the climate system to a new state following the crossing of a threshold. It generally occurs at a rate…Read more on Rapid climate change: lessons from the recent geological past
Untouched Antarctica: mapping a finite and diminishing environmental resource
1 January, 2011 by Andrew Fleming, Kevin Hughes, Peter Fretwell
Globally, areas categorically known to be free of human visitation are rare, but still exist in Antarctica. Such areas may be among the most pristine locations remaining on Earth and,…Read more on Untouched Antarctica: mapping a finite and diminishing environmental resource
Food for thought: risks of non-native species transfer to the Antarctic region with fresh produce
1 January, 2011 by Kevin Hughes
To understand fully the risk of biological invasions, it is necessary to quantify propagule pressure along all introduction pathways. In the Antarctic region, importation of fresh produce is a potentially…Geolocation tracking of the annual migration of adult Australasian gannets (Morus serrator) breeding in New Zealand
1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
The long breeding period and high reproductive investment of seabirds make use of resource-rich foraging areas pivotal both during and between breeding seasons. We tracked adult Australasian Gannets (Morus serrator)…Plastics in the Antarctic environment: Are we looking only at the tip of the iceberg?
1 January, 2011 by David Barnes, Peter Convey
The available literature on marine debris and its impacts in the sub-Antarctic Islands, the Antarctic Peninsula and on the coasts of Antarctica was organized and interpreted here. A total of…Read more on Plastics in the Antarctic environment: Are we looking only at the tip of the iceberg?
Holocene deglacial history of the northeast Antarctic Peninsula – A review and new chronological constraints
1 January, 2011 by Joanne Johnson, Stephen Roberts
The northeast Antarctic Peninsula (NEAP) region is currently showing signs of significant environmental change, evidenced by acceleration of glacial retreat and collapse of both Larsen-A and -B ice shelves within…The multi-seasonal NOy budget in coastal Antarctica and its link with surface snow and ice core nitrate: results from the CHABLIS campaign
1 January, 2011 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff
Measurements of a suite of individual NOy components were carried out at Halley station in coastal Antarctica as part of the CHABLIS campaign (Chemistry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and…Powering sea-ice instrumentation via the Seebeck Effect
1 January, 2011 by Michael Rose
This paper details the design of a novel thermoelectric energy harvesting device, capable of powering sea-ice instrumentation during the polar winter, when other sources of energy are either unavailable or…Read more on Powering sea-ice instrumentation via the Seebeck Effect
Harmonic analysis of climatological temperature over Antarctica: present day and greenhouse warming perspectives
1 January, 2011 by Thomas Bracegirdle
On the basis of ERA40 and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NNR) and simulations from CCCma, CCSM, CSIRO, HadCM3, MIROC-MEDRES and GFDL, which support the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment…Is there a distinct continental slope fauna in the Antarctic?
1 January, 2011 by David Barnes, Huw Griffiths
The Antarctic continental slope spans the depths from the shelf break (usually between 500 and 1000 m) to not, vert, similar3000 m, is very steep, overlain by ‘warm’ (2–2.5 °C)…Read more on Is there a distinct continental slope fauna in the Antarctic?
Testing for flow in the north polar layered deposits of Mars using radar stratigraphy and a simple 3D ice-flow model
1 January, 2011 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
The water-ice-rich north polar layered deposits (NPLD) of Mars play a key role in the Martian climate through an active exchange of water vapor with the atmosphere. Conditions are not…Exploring high-end scenarios for local sea level rise to develop flood protection strategies for a low-lying delta-the Netherlands as an example
1 January, 2011 by David Vaughan
Sea level rise, especially combined with possible changes in storm surges and increased river discharge resulting from climate change, poses a major threat in low-lying river deltas. In this study…Ice stream or not? Radio-echo sounding of Carlson Inlet, West Antarctica
1 January, 2011 by Ed King
The Antarctic Ice Sheet loses mass to the surrounding ocean mainly by drainage through a network of ice streams: fast-flowing glaciers bounded on either side by ice flowing one or…Read more on Ice stream or not? Radio-echo sounding of Carlson Inlet, West Antarctica
Nonlinear interaction between ocean tides and the Larsen C Ice Shelf system
1 January, 2011 by Hilmar Gudmundsson, Keith Makinson
We report on three GPS records of flow of the Larsen C Ice Shelf, spanning 2 months to 2 years. Variations in speed are evident at periods from a few…Read more on Nonlinear interaction between ocean tides and the Larsen C Ice Shelf system
An analysis of precipitation data from the Antarctic base Faraday/Vernadsky
1 January, 2011 by Amelie Kirchgaessner
A recent study on cloud observations reports an increase in total cloud cover at Faraday/Vernadsky since 1960 in the annual and wintertime data. The aim of this present study is…Read more on An analysis of precipitation data from the Antarctic base Faraday/Vernadsky
Great flights by great snipes: long and fast non-stop migration over benign habitats
1 January, 2011
Migratory land birds perform extreme endurance flights when crossing ecological barriers, such as deserts, oceans and ice-caps. When travelling over benign areas, birds are expected to migrate by shorter flight…Read more on Great flights by great snipes: long and fast non-stop migration over benign habitats
The Antarctic ozone during 2010
1 January, 2011 by Jonathan Shanklin
The Antarctic ozone hole of 2010 is reviewed from a variety of perspectives, making use of various data and analyses. Based on total column ozone metrics, the 2010 ozone hole…South polar skuas from a single breeding population overwinter in different oceans though show similar migration patterns
1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Seabirds in seasonal environments are often long-distance migrants and, for many species and populations, their ranges throughout the non-breeding period are unknown. As conditions during the non-breeding season often affect…Extracellular hydrolase enzyme production by soil fungi from King George Island, Antarctica
1 January, 2011 by Peter Convey
Various microbial groups are well known to produce a range of extracellular enzymes and other secondary metabolites. However, the occurrence and importance of investment in such activities have received relatively…Thermal niche separation in two sympatric tropical intertidal Laternula (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata)
1 January, 2011 by Lloyd Peck, Simon Morley
Factors determining thermal niche separation of two sympatric infaunal bivalves (Laternula truncata and L. boschasina) occurring in a Singapore mangrove were examined by comparing experienced microhabitat temperature with the thermal…Dynamics of seasonal movements by a trans-Pacific migrant, the Westland petrel
1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Knowledge of the dynamics of long-distance migrations of pelagic seabirds is limited. Recent advances in tracking technology have yielded detailed, continuous accounts of the movements of individual seabirds over large…Read more on Dynamics of seasonal movements by a trans-Pacific migrant, the Westland petrel
Interglacial and glacial variability from the last 800 ka in marine, ice and terrestrial archives
1 January, 2011 by Eric Wolff
We have compiled 37 ice, marine and terrestrial palaeoclimate records covering the last 800 000 years in order to assess the pattern of glacial and interglacial strength, and termination amplitude.…Subduction over the Southern Indian Ocean in a high-resolution atmosphere-ocean coupled model
1 January, 2011 by Jean-Baptiste Sallee
This study examines the subduction of the Subantarctic Mode Water in the Indian Ocean in an ocean–atmosphere coupled model in which the ocean component is eddy permitting. The purpose is…The importance of wind blown snow redistribution to snow accumulation on and mass balance of Bellingshausen Sea ice
1 January, 2011
Snow distribution is a dominating factor in sea-ice mass balance in the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica, through its roles in insulating the ice and contributing to snow-ice production. The wind has…Reconciling the changes in atmospheric-methane sources and sinks between the Last Glacial Maximum and the pre-industrial era
1 January, 2011 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff, Louise Sime
We know from the ice record that the concentration of atmospheric methane, [CH4], at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was roughly half that in the pre-industrial era (PI), buthow much…The role of atomic chlorine in glacial-interglacial changes in the carbon-13 content of atmospheric methane
1 January, 2011 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff, Louise Sime
The ice-core record of the carbon-13 content of atmospheric methane (δ13CH4) has largely been used to constrain past changes in methane sources. The aim of this paper is to explore,…Observations of hydroxyl and peroxy radicals and the impact of Br0 at Summit, Greenland in 2007 and 2008
1 January, 2011 by Neil Brough
The Greenland Summit Halogen-HO(x) (GSHOX) Campaign was performed in spring 2007 and summer 2008 to investigate the impact of halogens on HO(x) (= OH+HO(2)) cycling above the Greenland Ice Sheet.…Limited polar low sensitivity to sea-surface temperature
1 January, 2011 by Thomas Bracegirdle
The sensitivity of the intensity of polar lows to changes in the sea-surface temperature (SST) is investigated. This is done by using an axisymmetric non-hydrostatic numerical model. It is found…Read more on Limited polar low sensitivity to sea-surface temperature
High- and low-frequency 11-year solar cycle signatures in the Southern Hemispheric winter and spring
1 January, 2011 by Hua Lu
We have studied the characterization of the 11-year solar cycle (SC) signals in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during the winter and spring using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)…Mineral stability in peralkaline silicic rocks: information from trachytes of the Menengai volcano, Kenya
1 January, 2011 by Philip Leat
Electron microprobe analyses are presented for phenocrysts and matrix glass in peralkaline, silica-oversaturated trachytes from the Menengai volcano, Kenya Rift Valley. The dominant phenocryst assemblage is alkali feldspar–hedenbergite–fayalite–titanomagnetite–apatite. Aenigmatite, amphibole…At-sea activity patterns of breeding and nonbreeding white-chinned petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis from South Georgia
1 January, 2011 by Janet Silk, Richard Phillips, Vsevolod Afanasyev
Despite the recent burgeoning in predator tracking studies, few report on seabird activity patterns, despite the potential to provide important insights into foraging ecology and distribution. In the first year-round…Influence of tides on melting and freezing beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
1 January, 2011 by Adrian Jenkins, Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls, Paul Holland
An isopycnic coordinate ocean circulation model is applied to the ocean cavity beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, investigating the role of tides on sub-ice shelf circulation and ice shelf basal mass…Read more on Influence of tides on melting and freezing beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Freeboard, snow depth and sea-ice roughness in East Antarctica from in situ and multiple satellite data
1 January, 2011
In October 2003 a campaign on board the Australian icebreaker Aurora Australis had the objective to validate standard Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) sea-ice products. Additionally, the satellite laser…Phylum Tardigrada: A re-evaluation of the Parachela
1 January, 2011 by Chester Sands, Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
We assessed the available morphological evidence to see if this corroborates the paraphyly in the Parachela (Tardigrada) as suggested by recent molecular data. We reconcile molecular phylogenetics with alpha morphology,…Read more on Phylum Tardigrada: A re-evaluation of the Parachela
Analysis of a regional change in the sign of the SAM-temperature relationship in Antarctica
1 January, 2011 by Gareth Marshall
This study examines regional atmospheric circulation changes associated with a reversal in the sign of the relationship between the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and near-surface temperatures at Halley station, East…