Showing 11862 items
1 January, 2011 by Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark
Echinoderms and in particular brittle stars display a remarkable ability to regenerate lost or damaged tissues. They offer an excellent model in which to study regeneration displaying extensive regenerative ability…1 January, 2011 by Vsevolod Afanasyev
The population decline of the Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni has been the subject of studies across its Western Palaearctic breeding range, but little is known about its use of pre-migratory…1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Although seabirds that are trans-equatorial migrants show apparently broad overlap among populations in the non-breeding season, such large-scale pattern may conceal subtle but nevertheless key differences in migratory behaviour. These…1 January, 2011 by Jaume Forcada
Black-browed albatrosses Thalassarche melanophris are currently classified as globally endangered. The most important populations of this species are believed to be declining due to, amongst other factors, unsustainable levels of…1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
It has long been known that birds change their behaviour, reproductive performance and survival as they mature, including in the first few years after recruitment into the breeding population. However,…1 January, 2011 by Lloyd Peck, Michael Thorne, Melody Clark
Background: The Antarctic krill Euphausia superba is a keystone species in the Antarctic food chain. Not only is it a significant grazer of phytoplankton, but it is also a major…Read more on Antarctic krill 454 pyrosequencing reveals chaperone and stress transcriptome
1 January, 2011
The Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) project is an international effort to produce a comprehensive global atmospheric circulation dataset spanning the twentieth century, assimilating only surface pressure reports and using observed…1 January, 2011 by Peter Convey
Recent analyses of Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity data, in combination with molecular biological studies, have created a new paradigm that long-term persistence and regional isolation are general features of most of…Read more on Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity in a changing world
1 January, 2011 by Peter Convey, Stephen Roberts
The ecosystems of the western Antarctic Peninsula, experiencing amongst the most rapid trends of regional climate warming worldwide, are important “early warning” indicators for responses expected in more complex systems…Read more on Global southern limit of flowering plants and moss peat accumulation
1 January, 2011 by Mark Belchier, Peter Convey
The human-assisted establishment of two non-native predatory carabid beetles (Merizodus soledadinus (Guerin-M,n,ville), Trechisibus antarcticus (Dejean)) on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia occurred 30-50 years ago, but the distribution of…Read more on Recent range expansions in non-native predatory beetles on sub-Antarctic South Georgia
1 January, 2011 by Kevin Hughes, Peter Convey
The Antarctic continent is frequently cited as the last pristine continent on Earth. However, this view is misleading for several reasons. First, there has been a rapid increase in visitors…Read more on Non-indigenous microorganisms in the Antarctic: assessing the risks
1 January, 2011 by Jonathan Watkins
Antarctic krill are important in the South Georgia (548S 358W) marine ecosystem. They form aggregations that vary widely in packing density (,1 to 1000 s of individuals m23), length (tens…1 January, 2011 by Pierre Dutrieux
The Solomon Sea, in the western tropical Pacific, is part of a major oceanic pathway for waters connecting the tropics to the equator via low latitude western boundary currents. Shipboard…Read more on Observed circulation in the Solomon Sea from SADCP data
1 January, 2011
Diatom cells have distinctive optical characteristics, originating from their relatively large cell size, fucoxanthin content and silica cell wall. It has been proposed that diatom-dominated phytoplankton blooms can be identified…1 January, 2011 by Eugene Murphy
Determining the form of key predator-prey relationships is critical for understanding marine ecosystem dynamics. Using a comprehensive global database, we quantified the effect of fluctuations in food abundance on seabird…Read more on Global seabird response to forage fish depletion – one-third for the birds
1 January, 2011
The Citarum river basin of western Java, Indonesia, which supplies water to 10 million residents in Jakarta, has become increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic change. Citarum's streamflow record, only similar to…1 January, 2011 by Eric Wolff, Liz Thomas
An abrupt cold event ca. 8200 cal. yr BP, is believed to have been caused by the catastrophic release of ice-dammed meltwater from Lake Agassiz and associated disruption of the…Read more on The 8200 yr BP cold event in stable isotope records from the North Atlantic region
1 January, 2011
The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite has been used to measure temperatures in the stratosphere, mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The data used here are from August 2004…1 January, 2011 by David Barnes, Huw Griffiths, Katrin Linse
The Dumont d’Urville Sea (East Antarctic region) has been less investigated for DNA barcoding and molecular taxonomy than other parts of the Southern Ocean, such as the Ross Sea and…1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
There is growing evidence that migratory species are particularly vulnerable to rapid environmental changes arising from human activity. Species are expected to vary in their capacity to respond to these…1 January, 2011 by Janet Silk, Michael Dunn, Philip Trathan
ARGOS satellite telemetry and Global Location Sensors (geolocators) were used to identify the moult locations and the winter foraging dispersal of Adélie penguins after they left their breeding colonies on…1 January, 2011
On average, about 45 per cent of global annual anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions remain in the atmosphere, while the remainder are taken up by carbon reservoirs on land and…Read more on Economic value of improved quantification in global sources and sinks of carbon dioxide
1 January, 2011 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James Smith
The Amundsen Sea embayment is a probable site for the initiation of a future collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the…1 January, 2011 by Huw Griffiths
For the first time, comatulid crinoid feeding behaviour is used to infer near-bottom current (NBC) directions on the Terre Adélie and George V shelf, East Antarctica. We analysed 47 still-image…1 January, 2011 by Roger Worland, Peter Convey
Signy Island has experienced a dramatic increase in fur seal numbers over recent decades, which has led to the devastation of lowland terrestrial vegetation, with the eradication of moss turfs…1 January, 2011 by Dominic Hodgson, Peter Convey
The evolutionary history and geographical isolation of the Antarctic continent have produced a unique environment rich in endemic organisms. In many regions of Antarctica, cyanobacteria are the dominant phototrophs in…1 January, 2011 by Lester Anderson, Fausto Ferraccioli, Tom Jordan
The Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains are the least understood tectonic feature on Earth, because they are completely hidden beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Their high elevation and youthful Alpine topography,…Read more on East Antarctic rifting triggers uplift of the Gamburtsev Mountains
1 January, 2011 by Victoria Peck
The concentrations of chlorins (chlorophyll transformation products indicative of phytoplankton production) and crenarchaeol (a marker for Crenarchaea abundance) are significantly positively correlated (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r(s) > 0.75) in…1 January, 2011 by Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
The fluxes of energetic particles in the radiation belts are found to be strongly controlled by the solar wind conditions. In order to understand and predict the radiation particle intensities,…Read more on Recent developments in the radiation belt environment model
1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Identifying markers that are indicative of individual state, related to fitness, and which could be used to study life-history tradeoffs in wild populations is extremely difficult. Recently, it has been…1 January, 2011
In this study, we use various diagnostic techniques to investigate the synoptic evolution of the Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern (PNA). National Center for Environment Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis…Read more on Synoptic analysis of the Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern
1 January, 2011
The persistence and climate noise properties of North Atlantic climate variability are of importance for trend identification and assessing predictability on all time scales from several days to many decades.…Read more on On the persistence and predictability properties of North Atlantic climate variability
1 January, 2011
The persistent regime behavior of the eddy-driven jet stream over the North Atlantic is investigated. The North Atlantic jet stream variability is characterized by the latitude of the maximumlower tropospheric…Read more on Persistent circulation regimes and preferred regime transitions in the North Atlantic
1 January, 2011 by Andrew Fleming, Helen Peat, Kevin Hughes, Peter Convey, Peter Fretwell
We present the first regional map of vegetation of anywhere on the Antarctic continent based on remote sensing (RS) data. We have used a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for…1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
The non-breeding movements of marine birds were poorly known until recently, but this information is essential to understanding the risk to different geographical populations from events on the wintering grounds.…1 January, 2011 by Adrian Jenkins, Ed King, Hugh Corr, Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
The Glen exponent ncharacterizes the stress-dependence of ice deformation, directly influencing the rate at which ice masses respond to external forcing. The slow deformation in large ice-sheets makes laboratory rheometry…1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Determining migratory strategies of seabirds is still a major challenge due to their relative inaccessibility. Small geolocators are improving this knowledge, but not all birds can be tracked. Stable isotope…Read more on Combining stable isotope analyses and geolocation to reveal kittiwake migration
1 January, 2011 by Robert Larter
The southern Bellingshausen Sea (SBS) is a rapidly-changing part of West Antarctica, where oceanic and atmospheric warming has led to the recent basal melting and break-up of the Wilkins ice…1 January, 2011 by Zhaomin Wang
Recent observations suggest Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) properties are changing. The impact of such variations is explored using idealised perturbation experiments with a coupled climate model, HadCM3. AAIW properties are…Read more on North Atlantic climate responses to perturbations in Antarctic intermediate water
1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Fisheries have major impacts on seabirds, both by changing food availability and by causing direct mortality of birds during trawling and longline setting. However, little is known about the nature…Read more on Albatrosses following fishing vessels: how badly hooked are they on an easy meal?
1 January, 2011 by Lloyd Peck
Waters around the Antarctic Peninsula are experiencing one of the fastest rates of warming seen anywhere on Earth in the sea in recent times. Species inhabiting nearshore seabed sites in…1 January, 2011 by Huw Griffiths
Coordinated, circum-Antarctic sampling expeditions during International Polar Year 2008/09 have given access to comprehensive collections suitable for DNA barcoding. Collaborations between the Census of Antarctic Marine Life (CAML), the Marine…1 January, 2011 by Huw Griffiths, Sandra McInnes, Sandra McInnes
The pycnogonids of the Southern Ocean have been studied for almost two centuries and have played a key role in shaping previous biogeographic regions for the Antarctic benthos. The aim…Read more on Biodiversity and biogeography of Southern Ocean pycnogonids
1 January, 2011 by Andrew Clarke, Huw Griffiths
The documentation and analysis of broad-scale biological diversity requires modern databases. Here we describe the SCAR-Marine Biodiversity Information Network (SCAR-MarBIN) and demonstrate its value with a preliminary analysis of geographic…Read more on Quantifying Antarctic marine biodiversity: The SCAR-MarBIN data portal
1 January, 2011 by Hilmar Gudmundsson
The response of ice streams to ocean tides is investigated. Numerical modelling experiments are conducted using a two-dimensional flow-line model of coupled ice-stream and ice-shelf flow. The model includes all…Read more on Ice-stream response to ocean tides and the form of the basal sliding law
1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Navigational control of avian migration is understood, largely from the study of terrestrial birds, to depend on either genetically or culturally inherited information. By tracking the individual migrations of Atlantic…1 January, 2011 by Katrin Linse
The marine ecosystem on the eastern shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula was surveyed 5 and 12 years after the climate-induced collapse of the Larsen A and B ice shelves. An…Read more on Biodiversity change after climate-induced ice-shelf collapse in the Antarctic
1 January, 2011 by Jaume Forcada
The interactions among diet, ecology, physiology, and biochemistry affect N and C stable isotope signatures in animal tissues. Here, we examined if ecological segregation among animals in relation to sex…1 January, 2011 by Philip Leat
New 40Ar–39Ar ages of 5.6 to 1.3 Ma for lavas from the fossil Phoenix Ridge in the Drake Passage show that magmatism continued for at least 2 Ma after the…1 January, 2011 by Victoria Peck
In order to monitor the evolution of the British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) and its influence in surface ocean structure during marine isotopic stages (MIS) 2 and 3, we have analyzed…1 January, 2011
Recent research has raised concerns about the potential influence of rapid climate change on the stability of major ice sheets. The behaviour of glaciers is determined largely by the processes…1 January, 2011 by Teal Riley
The results of the first attempt to use Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data for the purposes of lithologic mapping on the Antarctic Peninsula are presented for…1 January, 2011 by Vsevolod Afanasyev
We used light-level archival geolocators to track five Veeries (Catharus fuscescens) for one annual cycle as they migrated from Delaware to South America and back. Southward migration commenced in late…1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Seabirds and other marine animals are at risk from anthropogenic activities that target them directly and those that can harm them incidentally. We integrate year-round tracking and vessel studies to…1 January, 2011 by Claire Allen
Major deepwater masses upwell and reach the surface in the Southern Ocean, forming an important conduit supplying nutrients and micronutrients to the surface and playing a key role in the…1 January, 2011 by Ed King
Despite significant advances over the past decades, our understanding of drumlin formation and associated ice-bed processes is still incomplete. In this paper, we present the integrated use of geomorphological, sedimentological…1 January, 2011 by Kevin Newsham
For the past 50 years there has been rapid warming in the maritime Antarctic1, 2, 3, with concurrent, and probably temperature-mediated, proliferation of the two native plants, Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus…1 January, 2011 by Kevin Newsham
Most nitrogen (N) enters many Arctic and Antarctic soil ecosystems as protein. Soils in these polar environments frequently contain large stocks of proteinaceous organic matter, which has decomposed slowly due…1 January, 2011 by Kevin Newsham
Nitrogen is a key regulator of primary productivity in many terrestrial ecosystems. Historically, only inorganic N (NH4+ and NO3-) and L-amino acids have been considered to be important to the…1 January, 2011 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
A recent paper by Reference CalovCalov and others (2010) presents an intercomparison of several numerical ice-sheet models where the development of large-scale thermo-viscous instabilities is compared. In all but one…1 January, 2011 by Jaume Forcada, Susie Grant
Emerging Bayesian analytical approaches offer increasingly sophisticated means of reconstructing historical population dynamics from genetic data, but have been little applied to scenarios involving demographic bottlenecks. Consequently, we analysed a…Read more on Bayesian inference of a historical bottleneck in a heavily exploited marine mammal
1 January, 2011 by Andrew Clarke, Katrin Linse, Lloyd Peck
Life-history characteristics exert a profound influence upon the population structure of many marine organisms. However, relatively few genetic studies have compared direct with indirect-developing species in the same ecosystem or…1 January, 2011 by Andrew Clarke, Katrin Linse, Lloyd Peck
Although studies of population genetic structure are commonplace, a strong bias exists toward species from low latitudes and with relatively poor dispersal capabilities. Consequently, we used 280 amplified fragment length…1 January, 2011 by David Barnes, Huw Griffiths, Oliver Hogg
We attempt to quantify how significant the polar archipelago of South Georgia is as a source of regional and global marine biodiversity. We evaluate numbers of rare, endemic and range-edge…1 January, 2011 by Eric Wolff
The complex cyclical nature of Pleistocene climate, driven by the evolving orbital configuration of the Earth, is well known but not well understood. A major climatic transition took place at…Read more on The Mid-Brunhes Event and West Antarctic Ice Sheet stability
1 January, 2011 by Eric Wolff
Rapid, or abrupt, climate change is regarded as a change in the climate system to a new state following the crossing of a threshold. It generally occurs at a rate…Read more on Rapid climate change: lessons from the recent geological past
1 January, 2011 by Andrew Fleming, Kevin Hughes, Peter Fretwell
Globally, areas categorically known to be free of human visitation are rare, but still exist in Antarctica. Such areas may be among the most pristine locations remaining on Earth and,…Read more on Untouched Antarctica: mapping a finite and diminishing environmental resource
1 January, 2011 by Kevin Hughes
To understand fully the risk of biological invasions, it is necessary to quantify propagule pressure along all introduction pathways. In the Antarctic region, importation of fresh produce is a potentially…1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
The long breeding period and high reproductive investment of seabirds make use of resource-rich foraging areas pivotal both during and between breeding seasons. We tracked adult Australasian Gannets (Morus serrator)…1 January, 2011 by David Barnes, Peter Convey
The available literature on marine debris and its impacts in the sub-Antarctic Islands, the Antarctic Peninsula and on the coasts of Antarctica was organized and interpreted here. A total of…Read more on Plastics in the Antarctic environment: Are we looking only at the tip of the iceberg?
1 January, 2011 by Joanne Johnson, Stephen Roberts
The northeast Antarctic Peninsula (NEAP) region is currently showing signs of significant environmental change, evidenced by acceleration of glacial retreat and collapse of both Larsen-A and -B ice shelves within…1 January, 2011 by Michael Rose
This paper details the design of a novel thermoelectric energy harvesting device, capable of powering sea-ice instrumentation during the polar winter, when other sources of energy are either unavailable or…Read more on Powering sea-ice instrumentation via the Seebeck Effect
1 January, 2011 by Thomas Bracegirdle
On the basis of ERA40 and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NNR) and simulations from CCCma, CCSM, CSIRO, HadCM3, MIROC-MEDRES and GFDL, which support the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment…1 January, 2011 by David Barnes, Huw Griffiths
The Antarctic continental slope spans the depths from the shelf break (usually between 500 and 1000 m) to not, vert, similar3000 m, is very steep, overlain by ‘warm’ (2–2.5 °C)…Read more on Is there a distinct continental slope fauna in the Antarctic?
1 January, 2011 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
The water-ice-rich north polar layered deposits (NPLD) of Mars play a key role in the Martian climate through an active exchange of water vapor with the atmosphere. Conditions are not…1 January, 2011 by David Vaughan
Sea level rise, especially combined with possible changes in storm surges and increased river discharge resulting from climate change, poses a major threat in low-lying river deltas. In this study…1 January, 2011 by Hilmar Gudmundsson, Keith Makinson
We report on three GPS records of flow of the Larsen C Ice Shelf, spanning 2 months to 2 years. Variations in speed are evident at periods from a few…Read more on Nonlinear interaction between ocean tides and the Larsen C Ice Shelf system
1 January, 2011 by Amelie Kirchgaessner
A recent study on cloud observations reports an increase in total cloud cover at Faraday/Vernadsky since 1960 in the annual and wintertime data. The aim of this present study is…Read more on An analysis of precipitation data from the Antarctic base Faraday/Vernadsky
1 January, 2011
Migratory land birds perform extreme endurance flights when crossing ecological barriers, such as deserts, oceans and ice-caps. When travelling over benign areas, birds are expected to migrate by shorter flight…Read more on Great flights by great snipes: long and fast non-stop migration over benign habitats
1 January, 2011 by Jonathan Shanklin
The Antarctic ozone hole of 2010 is reviewed from a variety of perspectives, making use of various data and analyses. Based on total column ozone metrics, the 2010 ozone hole…1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Seabirds in seasonal environments are often long-distance migrants and, for many species and populations, their ranges throughout the non-breeding period are unknown. As conditions during the non-breeding season often affect…1 January, 2011 by Peter Convey
Various microbial groups are well known to produce a range of extracellular enzymes and other secondary metabolites. However, the occurrence and importance of investment in such activities have received relatively…1 January, 2011 by Lloyd Peck, Simon Morley
Factors determining thermal niche separation of two sympatric infaunal bivalves (Laternula truncata and L. boschasina) occurring in a Singapore mangrove were examined by comparing experienced microhabitat temperature with the thermal…1 January, 2011 by Richard Phillips
Knowledge of the dynamics of long-distance migrations of pelagic seabirds is limited. Recent advances in tracking technology have yielded detailed, continuous accounts of the movements of individual seabirds over large…Read more on Dynamics of seasonal movements by a trans-Pacific migrant, the Westland petrel
1 January, 2011 by Eric Wolff
We have compiled 37 ice, marine and terrestrial palaeoclimate records covering the last 800 000 years in order to assess the pattern of glacial and interglacial strength, and termination amplitude.…1 January, 2011 by Jean-Baptiste Sallee
This study examines the subduction of the Subantarctic Mode Water in the Indian Ocean in an ocean–atmosphere coupled model in which the ocean component is eddy permitting. The purpose is…1 January, 2011
Snow distribution is a dominating factor in sea-ice mass balance in the Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica, through its roles in insulating the ice and contributing to snow-ice production. The wind has…1 January, 2011 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff, Louise Sime
We know from the ice record that the concentration of atmospheric methane, [CH4], at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was roughly half that in the pre-industrial era (PI), buthow much…1 January, 2011 by Anna Jones, Eric Wolff, Louise Sime
The ice-core record of the carbon-13 content of atmospheric methane (δ13CH4) has largely been used to constrain past changes in methane sources. The aim of this paper is to explore,…1 January, 2011 by Thomas Bracegirdle
The sensitivity of the intensity of polar lows to changes in the sea-surface temperature (SST) is investigated. This is done by using an axisymmetric non-hydrostatic numerical model. It is found…Read more on Limited polar low sensitivity to sea-surface temperature
1 January, 2011 by Hua Lu
We have studied the characterization of the 11-year solar cycle (SC) signals in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) during the winter and spring using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)…1 January, 2011 by Philip Leat
Electron microprobe analyses are presented for phenocrysts and matrix glass in peralkaline, silica-oversaturated trachytes from the Menengai volcano, Kenya Rift Valley. The dominant phenocryst assemblage is alkali feldspar–hedenbergite–fayalite–titanomagnetite–apatite. Aenigmatite, amphibole…1 January, 2011 by Janet Silk, Richard Phillips, Vsevolod Afanasyev
Despite the recent burgeoning in predator tracking studies, few report on seabird activity patterns, despite the potential to provide important insights into foraging ecology and distribution. In the first year-round…1 January, 2011 by Adrian Jenkins, Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls, Paul Holland
An isopycnic coordinate ocean circulation model is applied to the ocean cavity beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, investigating the role of tides on sub-ice shelf circulation and ice shelf basal mass…Read more on Influence of tides on melting and freezing beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
1 January, 2011
In October 2003 a campaign on board the Australian icebreaker Aurora Australis had the objective to validate standard Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) sea-ice products. Additionally, the satellite laser…