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Antarctic scientific collaboration. The role of the SCAR
1 January, 2015
The early national expeditions to Antarctica were short-term, with science usually driven by the interests and opportunities of those scientists who were taken along. Some expeditions made important collections of…Read more on Antarctic scientific collaboration. The role of the SCAR
Autonomous phase-sensitive radio echo sounder for monitoring and imaging Antarctic ice shelves
1 January, 2015 by Keith Nicholls
A low-power, autonomous phase-sensitive radioecho sounder (ApRES) radar system has been developed at University College London, in collaboration with the British Antarctic Survey, for monitoring and imaging Antarctic ice shelves.…Evolutionary setting
1 August, 2014 by Huw Griffiths, Alistair Crame, Susie Grant
Environmental setting
1 August, 2014 by Andrew Meijers, Huw Griffiths, Susie Grant
Southern Ocean squid
1 August, 2014 by Huw Griffiths, Paul Rodhouse, Susie Grant
Ice Sheets and the Anthropocene
2 June, 2014 by Eric Wolff
Ice could play a role in identifying and defining the Anthropocene. The recurrence of northern hemisphere glaciation and the stability of the Greenland Ice Sheet are both potentially vulnerable to…Primary production and links to carbon cycling in Antarctic soils
1 January, 2014 by Kevin Newsham
Antarctica is not a single ecological model. Substantial differences in the temperature, precipitation (which combine to affect the available water) and radiation determine the distribution and the habit of primary…Read more on Primary production and links to carbon cycling in Antarctic soils
The study of deep-sea cephalopods
1 January, 2014
Deep-sea” cephalopods are here defined as cephalopods that spend a significant part of their life cycles outside the euphotic zone. In this chapter, the state of knowledge in several aspects…Threats to soil communities: human impacts
1 January, 2014 by Kevin Hughes
Antarctic terrestrial habitats are vulnerable to impacts resulting from global and local human activities. Global activities have resulted in climate change affecting parts of Antarctica, stratospheric ozone depletion over the…Global movement and homogenisation of biota: challenges to the environmental management of Antarctica
1 January, 2014 by Kevin Hughes, Peter Convey
Globally, many thousands of species have been redistributed beyond their natural dispersal ranges as a result of human activities. The introduction of non-native species can have severe consequences for indigenous…Environmental effects on cephalopod population dynamics
1 January, 2014 by Paul Rodhouse
Cephalopods are a relatively small class of molluscs (~ 800 species), but they support some large industrial scale fisheries and numerous small-scale, local, artisanal fisheries. For several decades, landings of…Read more on Environmental effects on cephalopod population dynamics
Setting the scene: human activities, environmental impacts and governance arrangements in Antarctica
1 January, 2014 by Kevin Hughes
The scope and intensity of human activity in the Antarctic region has changed considerably over the past 100 years, resulting in significant modifications to the Antarctic environment and its ecosystems,…The South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands MPA: Protecting a biodiverse oceanic island chain situated in the flow of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
1 January, 2014 by David Barnes, Iain Staniland, Mark Belchier, Philip Trathan, Susie Grant
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) are surrounded by oceans that are species-rich, have high levels of biodiversity, important endemism and which also support large aggregations of charismatic…Doryteuthis gahi, Patagonian long-finned squid
22 September, 2013 by Paul Rodhouse
Doryteuthis gahi (Orbigny, 1835) is a relatively small squid typically attaining 13–17 cm mantle length that inhabits the shelves around the southern tip of South America from southern Peru in…Illex argentinus, Argentine shortfin squid
22 September, 2013 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse
Illex argentinus, a close relative of the other North Atlantic Illex species, concentrates on the Patagonian shelf edge and spreads over the shelf from Southern Brazil to the Falkland Islands.…Dosidicus gigas, Humboldt squid
22 September, 2013 by Claire Waluda, Paul Rodhouse
Dosidicus gigas (Humboldt or jumbo squid) (Orbigny, 1835) is the largest ommastrephid squid, reaching up to 1.2m mantle length and 65kg in weight. This pelagic squid is endemic to the…Palaeoenvironmental records from the West Antarctic Peninsula drift sediments over the last 75 ka
5 July, 2013 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James Smith, Robert Larter
We present results of a multi-proxy study on marine sediment core JR179-PC466 recovered from the crest of a sediment drift off the West Antarctic Peninsula at approximately 2300 m water…Paleoclimate, Paleoclimate history of the Arctic
19 June, 2013 by Eric Wolff
Although the Arctic occupies less than 5% of the Earth's surface, it includes some of the strongest positive feedbacks in the climate system. Reconstructing the climate history of the Quaternary…Read more on Paleoclimate, Paleoclimate history of the Arctic
Ice core methods, conductivity studies
19 June, 2013 by Robert Mulvaney
Electrical measurements of ice cores are used to obtain high time resolution records of past climate. The electrical conductivity method is sensitive to the acidity of the ice. The dielectric…Prospects for a sustainable increase in the availability of long chain omega 3s: lessons from the Antarctic krill fishery.
30 January, 2013 by Simeon Hill
• The global summit on nutrition, health and human behaviour (GSNHHB) identified the objective of increasing “the availability of long chain Omega‐3 (especially docosahexaenoic acid) for human consumption in a…Heat-flow determinations of basement age in small oceanic basins of the southern central Scotia Sea
1 January, 2013 by Robert Larter
Results are reported from seven heat flow stations in small basins of the southern part of the central Scotia Sea (CSS), undertaken in order to determine basement ages. The basins…Anthropogenic impacts on sub-Antarctic and Antarctic islands and the adjacent marine environments
1 January, 2013 by Peter Convey
The impacts of human activities are more apparent at present in the sub-Antarctic than in the Antarctic. The sub-Antarctic islands, despite their physical isolation in the Southern Ocean, are generally…Connecting biodiversity data during the IPY: the path towards e-polar science
1 January, 2013 by Huw Griffiths
The International Polar Year (IPY) was a unprecedented effort in polar research committing thousands of participants from many nations (Carlson 2010), with a common objective: to describe and understand complex…Read more on Connecting biodiversity data during the IPY: the path towards e-polar science
Pb isotopic domains from the Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica: implications for past Antarctica-India connections
1 January, 2013
New feldspar lead isotope compositions of crystalline rocks from the Indian Ocean sector of East Antarctica, in conjunction with the review of data from elsewhere within the continent and from…Mapping unstable manifolds using drifters/floats in a Southern Ocean field campaign
1 September, 2012 by Emily Shuckburgh
Ideas from dynamical systems theory have been used in an observational field campaign in the Southern Ocean to provide information on the mixing structure of the flow. Instantaneous snapshops of…Read more on Mapping unstable manifolds using drifters/floats in a Southern Ocean field campaign
Southern Ocean Deep Benthic Biodiversity
17 February, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, Eugene Murphy, Katrin Linse, Nadine Johnston
The deep sea is the largest environment on the planet, the least well known and one of the least studied. It contains extremely large habitats, and millions of km2 of…INTERACT Station Catalogue
1 January, 2012
INTERACT: International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic. The INTERACT network is a one-stop shop for access to research infrastructures in the Arctic and mountain areas of…The Dynamic Mosaic Disturbance and Development of Antarctic Benthic Communities
1 January, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes, Eugene Murphy, Nadine Johnston
The continental shelf is the platform for many of the planet’s most productive ecosystems but it is exposed to high disturbance. At high latitudes, massive grounded ice sheets have extended…Read more on The Dynamic Mosaic Disturbance and Development of Antarctic Benthic Communities
Advances in the in-field detection of microorganisms in ice
1 January, 2012 by David Pearce
The historic view of ice-bound ecosystems has been one of a predominantly lifeless environment, where microorganisms certainly exist but are assumed to be either completely inactive or in a state…Read more on Advances in the in-field detection of microorganisms in ice
Spatial and Temporal Variability in Terrestrial Antarctic Biodiversity
1 January, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, Eugene Murphy, Nadine Johnston
Of all the characteristics of biodiversity, the most noteworthy is its variability. Recognition that the significance of the mechanisms underlying this variation changes as the scale of interest is altered,…Read more on Spatial and Temporal Variability in Terrestrial Antarctic Biodiversity
The impact of regional climate change on the marine ecosystem of the western Antarctic Peninsula
1 January, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes, Eugene Murphy, John King, Lloyd Peck, Michael Meredith, Nadine Johnston, Thomas Bracegirdle
The Antarctic Peninsula is one of three areas of the globe currently experiencing rapid regional climate change (King, 1994; Smith et al., 1996, King & Harangozo, 1998; Vaughan et al.,…Introduction – Antarctic ecology in a changing world
1 January, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, Eugene Murphy, Nadine Johnston
Antarctica offers an unrivalled natural laboratory for fundamental research on the evolutionary processes that shape biological diversity on both local and regional scales. Physiologists and ecologists have long been attracted…Read more on Introduction – Antarctic ecology in a changing world
Biogeography and Regional Classifications of Antarctica
1 January, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, David Barnes, Eugene Murphy, Huw Griffiths, Katrin Linse, Nadine Johnston, Peter Convey, Susie Grant
In this chapter we refer to the ‘Antarctic’ in its widest sense. On land, we include the Antarctic continent and Peninsula, the various archipelagos of the Scotia arc, and the…Read more on Biogeography and Regional Classifications of Antarctica
Geology of Graham Land
1 January, 2012 by Adrian Fox, Philip Leat
Spatial and Temporal Operation of the Scotia Sea Ecosystem
1 January, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, Andrew Fleming, Eugene Murphy, Geraint Tarling, Iain Staniland, Jaume Forcada, Jonathan Watkins, Martin Collins, Michael Meredith, Nadine Johnston, Peter Enderlein, Paul Rodhouse, Philip Trathan, Peter Ward, Rachel Cavanagh, Sally Thorpe, Simeon Hill
Analysis of the operation of ocean ecosystems requires an understanding of how the structure of the ecosystem is determined by interactions between physical, chemical and biological processes. Such analysis needs…Read more on Spatial and Temporal Operation of the Scotia Sea Ecosystem
Antarctic Lakes as Models for the Study of Microbial Biodiversity, Biogeography and Evolution
1 January, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, David Pearce, Eugene Murphy, Nadine Johnston
The Antarctic continent is almost entirely covered by a vast icecap that reaches 4 km in thickness. Despite this, the continent possesses a remarkable array of lake ecosystems, many of…Mechanisms Defining Thermal Limits and Adaptation in Marine Ectotherms: An Integrative View
1 January, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, Eugene Murphy, Lloyd Peck, Nadine Johnston
It is widely accepted that marine biogeography is largely shaped by direct effects of temperature (Angel, 1991; Murawski, 1993). Temperature also influences biodiversity patterns at various latitudes (e.g.,Royet al.,1998; Astorga…Antarctic Ecosystems: An Extreme Environment in a Changing World
1 January, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, Eugene Murphy, Nadine Johnston
Since its discovery Antarctica has held a deep fascination for biologists. Extreme environmental conditions, seasonality and isolation have lead to some of the most striking examples of natural selection and…Read more on Antarctic Ecosystems: An Extreme Environment in a Changing World
Icebergs and sea ice
1 January, 2012 by Adrian Fox, Jonathan Shanklin
Weather and climate
1 January, 2012 by Adrian Fox, Jonathan Shanklin
Environmental Forcing and Southern Ocean Marine Predator Populations
1 January, 2012 by Andrew Clarke, Eugene Murphy, Jaume Forcada, Nadine Johnston, Philip Trathan
The Southern Ocean (Figure 11.1) is a major component within the global ocean and climate system. It not only unites the Atlantic Ocean with the Indian and Pacific Oceans, but…Read more on Environmental Forcing and Southern Ocean Marine Predator Populations