Showing 11862 items
1 July, 2025 by James Smith
This paper presents new marine geophysical data and radiocarbon dated sediment cores to reconstruct the maximum extent of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) during the last glaciation and the…1 July, 2025 by Anna Belcher
Oceanic mesoscale structures, such as eddies, play a fundamental role in ocean circulation, ocean biogeochemical cycles and plankton ecology. They cause lateral and vertical advection, as well as interact with…1 July, 2025 by Peter Convey
Polar regions are heavily impacted by climate change. Yet, vulnerability assessments suggest little concern about heat-related challenges for polar terrestrial ectotherms. These conclusions are based, however, on assumptions and extrapolation…Read more on Polar ectotherms more vulnerable to warming than expected
1 July, 2025 by George Day
Migratory birds are inherently vagile, a strategy that may reduce the impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation on genetic diversity. However, specialist resource requirements and range-edge distribution can counteract these…1 July, 2025 by Louise Sime, Paul Holland
We present the first CMIP6-era multi-model intercomparison of the Southern Ocean (SO) temperature and sea-ice response to substantial Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) weakening. Results are based on analysis of…1 July, 2025 by Peter Convey
Aim: To integrate the historical and contemporary connectivity of Branchinecta gaini (B. gaini), in order to better predict future distribution changes within its fragmented, dynamic and isolated habitat range. Location:…1 July, 2025 by Hugh Venables
The ocean contributes to regulating atmospheric CO2 levels via the biological carbon pump (BCP). One critical aspect of the BCP is the depth at which sinking particulate organic carbon (POC)…1 July, 2025 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Mass loss from polar ice sheets is poorly constrained in estimates of future global sea-level rise. Today, the marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet is losing mass at an accelerating rate,…30 June, 2025 by Xu Zhang
Proxy-based reconstructions and climate model simulations of Holocene global annual mean temperatures exhibit divergent trends, leading to the well-known “Holocene temperature conundrum (HTC)”. This discrepancy is most pronounced in the…30 June, 2025 by Ashley Bennison
Determining the distribution and population size of marine species is crucial for conservation and management. However, for many species, the abundance and at sea distribution are poorly known because of…28 June, 2025 by Adrian Fox, Ashley Bennison, Jamie Coleman, Louise Ireland, Martin Collins, Nathan Fenney, Philip Hollyman, Philip Trathan
Drones are being increasingly used to monitor wildlife populations; their large spatial coverage and minimal disturbance make them ideal for use in remote environments where access and time are limited.…28 June, 2025 by Bianca Perren, Claire Allen, Dieter Tetzner, Dorothea Moser, Jack Humby, Liz Thomas, Shaun Miller
The Southern Hemisphere westerly winds (SHWWs) (45–65°S) are important regulators of the Southern Hemisphere climate. The scarcity of observational records at the core of the wind belt hinders our understanding…27 June, 2025 by Kevin Newsham, Peter Convey
A unifying feature of the deciduous and evergreen shrubs contributing to the greening of the Arctic landmass—the process known as shrubification—is that their roots consistently form ectomycorrhizal or ericoid mycorrhizal…Read more on Mycorrhizal symbioses and Arctic shrubification
20 June, 2025 by Peter Convey
Earth's polar regions are experiencing significant climate change, impacting global oceanographic and weather patterns. Arctic “greening” is well studied, but a debate has emerged about whether similar trends are occurring…19 June, 2025 by Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
A large proton belt enhancement occurred on 24 March 1991 following an interplanetary shockthat impacted the dayside magnetopause at ∼03:40 UT. Its formation was measured by the proton telescopeaboard CRRES…18 June, 2025 by Liz Thomas, Roseanne Smith, Siobhan Johnson
Marine-sourced fatty acids provide a promising new suite of proxies for past sea-ice reconstructions, validated using ice cores from Bouvet Island, Greenland, and Alaska. Despite showing great potential as a…18 June, 2025 by Claire Waluda, Derren Fox, Jaume Forcada, Michael Dunn, Stacey Adlard, Timothy Morley
The temporal abundance of Antarctic seals is known to be influenced by variation in the sea ice environment, itself affected by temperature and daylight cycles across seasons. However, the sensitivity…18 June, 2025 by Hugh Venables, Michael Meredith
Sea-air exchange of carbon dioxide in the Southern Ocean is strongly seasonal, with ocean uptake in summer, which is partly offset by carbon dioxide outgassing in winter. This seasonal balance…Read more on Sea ice controls net ocean CO2 uptake by regulating wintertime stratification
16 June, 2025 by Hamish Pritchard
Cryosphere degradation and vegetation dynamics due to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau profoundly impact runoff and water security downstream, yet their contributions remain largely unquantified. Here, we quantify the…15 June, 2025 by Rhiannon Jones
The high-latitude oceans are regions of high mercury (Hg) bioaccumulation, especially in the form of methylmercury (MeHg), which is of great concern in terms of human and ecosystem health. In…15 June, 2025 by Michael McCarthy, Michael McCarthy
Rock debris partially covers glaciers worldwide, with varying extents and distributions, and controls sub‐debris melt rates by modifying energy transfer from the atmosphere to the ice. Two key physical properties…14 June, 2025 by Nigel Meredith, Pak Yin Lam, Peter Kirsch, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
Increases in the flux of high energy electrons in the Earth's radiation belts cause satellite charging which can lead to an electrostatic discharge, anomalies and disruption to service. For geostationary…Read more on Satellite Internal Charging for a Reasonable Worst‐Case
12 June, 2025 by Michael Meredith
The Western Antarctic Peninsula is undergoing rapid environmental change. Regional warming is causing increased glacial meltwater discharge, but the ecological impact of this meltwater over large spatiotemporal scales is not…11 June, 2025 by Alison Cleary, Geraint Tarling
Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba (Dana i Am J Sci Arts Ser 2(9):129–133, 1850), are both central ecosystem components in the Southern Ocean, and the target of a growing commercial fishery.…Read more on Antarctic Krill with parasites grow slower than uninfected peers
10 June, 2025 by Martin Collins
Large-scale biodiversity assessments and conservation applications require integrated and up-to-date datasets across regions. In the oceans, monitoring is fragmented, which affects knowledge exchange and usage. Among existing monitoring programs, scientific…10 June, 2025 by Thomas Bauska
Using high-precision ice core measurements of CO 2 , δ 13 C–CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O, this study provides carbon isotope constraints on a sizeable,…10 June, 2025 by Aliaksandra Skachkova, Connor Bamford, Jaume Forcada, Philip Trathan, Peter Fretwell
Emperor penguin populations are predicted to decline rapidly over the current century owing to habitat loss in Antarctica arising from warming oceans and loss of seasonal sea ice. Previous work…Read more on Regional emperor penguin population declines exceed modelled projections
5 June, 2025 by Andrew Orr
The snow and glaciers of the Peruvian Andes provide vital water supplies in a region facing water scarcity and substantial glacier change. However, there remains a lack of understanding of…Read more on Thin and ephemeral snow shapes melt and runoff dynamics in the Peruvian Andes
5 June, 2025 by Richard Phillips
The polar sea-ice zones are highly productive and seasonal habitats that support large populations of vertebrate predators. In the Antarctic, snow petrels ( Pagodroma nivea ) are regarded as highly…5 June, 2025 by Martin Collins
Research on the direct effects of capture and tagging on post-release behaviour is typically limited to short-term deployments. To investigate the initial and longer-term behavioural responses to capture and tagging,…5 June, 2025 by Andrew Wood, Ashley Bennison, Janet Silk, Philip Trathan, Richard Phillips
The recent Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) sets ambitious goals but no clear pathway for how zero loss of important biodiversity areas and halting human-induced extinction of threatened species will…3 June, 2025 by Simon Morley
1. Ectotherms given time to acclimate to warmer environments, habitats or experimental treatments tend to tolerate higher maximum temperatures, but only slightly higher. This means warmer acclimated organisms live closer…Read more on Heat limits scale with metabolism in ectothermic animals
1 June, 2025 by Markus Frey, Shaun Miller
Photochemical release of iodine from snow has been suggested as a source of reactive iodine to the Arctic atmosphere, however understanding of the underlying mechanism and potential source strength is…1 June, 2025 by Peter Convey
In the extreme conditions of Antarctica two native vascular plants are present, Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. (Caryophyllaceae) and Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae), distributed along the western Antarctic Peninsula and the…1 June, 2025 by David Barnes
Blue Carbon (BC) refers to Nature-Based Solutions in marine environments that aim to reduce greenhouse gases through carbon sequestration using natural processes. Much of the BC focus to date has…Read more on Blue Carbon in an eastern boundary Upwelling Zone – A case study in Namibia
1 June, 2025
Sporadically genetic material that originates from an organelle genome integrates into the nuclear genome. However it is unclear what processes maintain such integrations over evolutionary time. Recently it was shown…1 June, 2025 by Peter Convey
Fuel spills pose significant pollution threats to Antarctic terrestrial environments. Biological remediation offers a sustainable solution for restoring these polluted sites. Indigenous microorganisms capable of degrading diesel hydrocarbons at low…1 June, 2025 by Katherine Turner
Despite the increased awareness and action towards Equality, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI), the glaciological community still experiences and perpetuates examples of exclusionary and discriminatory behavior. We here discuss the challenges…1 June, 2025
Haplotype-resolved chromosomal reference genomes are increasingly available for many fungi, offering insights into the evolution of pathogenic and symbiotic lifestyles. However, these resources remain scarce for ectomycorrhizal fungi, which play…1 June, 2025
Brachiopods have been employed for environmental and climatic reconstructions in the near and geological past. Traditionally, one datapoint is obtained per shell, providing time‐averaged bulk signals. However, brachiopods also have…Read more on Brachiopods as archives of intrannual, annual, and interannual environmental variations
1 June, 2025 by Aaron Hendry, Mark Clilverd
In early May 2024 ∼6 Coronal Mass Ejections were launched toward the Earth in shortsuccession. This triggered the G5 “Gannon” geomagnetic storm lasting from ∼17 UT on 10 May 2024…30 May, 2025 by Michael Meredith, Rhiannon Jones
Iron is an essential micronutrient for phytoplankton and plays an integral role in the marine carbon cycle. The supply and bioavailability of iron are therefore important modulators of climate over…30 May, 2025 by Markus Frey, Xin Yang
Discussion paper.28 May, 2025 by Dominic Hodgson, Teal Riley
Detrital zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf data from the youngest (upper Permian) sedimentary succession of the Falkland/Malvinas Islands is used to constrain depositional age, provenance and palaeogeography, and test the Natal…28 May, 2025 by Ellen Bowler, James Byrne, Scott Hosking, Jeremy Wilkinson, Martin Rogers, Rachel Cavanagh, Tom Andersson
Every autumn on the south coast of Victoria Island (Nunavut, Canada), endangered Dolphin and Union (DU) caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus x pearyi) wait for sea ice to form before continuing…24 May, 2025 by Huw Griffiths, Rowan Whittle, Tasnuva Khan
Coexistence of ecologically similar taxa can contribute considerably to local biodiversity patterns. Deep water Southern Ocean benthic communities provide a unique setting to investigate coexistence mechanisms due to the relatively…23 May, 2025 by Anna Jones, Evelyn Workman, Freya Squires, Katrin Linse
The Southern Ocean's role in the global methane (CH4) cycle remains uncertain due to limited measurement data from this remote region. It is unclear if the Southern Ocean acts as…Read more on Methane Emissions and Dynamics in the Weddell and Scotia Seas
22 May, 2025 by Richard Phillips
The trophic ecology of the Endangered sooty albatross (SA, 4 populations) was investigated using the concept of isotopic niche as a proxy of the trophic niche, and its isotopic metrics…22 May, 2025 by Kevin Hughes
With biodiversity loss escalating globally, a step change is needed in our capacity to accurately monitor species populations across ecosystems. Robotic and autonomous systems (RAS) offer technological solutions that may…21 May, 2025 by Melody Clark
Genomic data are lacking for most Antarctic marine invertebrates, predicating our ability to understand physiological adaptation and specific life-history traits, such as longevity. The environmental stress response of the Antarctic…21 May, 2025 by Jaume Forcada
Single-use plastics (SUPs) are indispensable in laboratory research, but their disposal contributes substantially to environmental pollution. Consequently, reusing common SUP items such as microtitre plates represents a promising strategy for…20 May, 2025
Under the current climate crisis, marine heatwaves (MHW) are expected to intensify and become more frequent in the future, leading to adverse effects on marine life. Here, we aimed to…17 May, 2025 by Anne-Pia Marty, Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark
The Antarctic seabed harbors significant biodiversity, and almost 90% of oceanic environments are permanently below 5 °C (i.e., deep sea and polar regions). However, organisms whose entire lifecycle occurs around…15 May, 2025 by Mervyn Freeman
The enhanced variation of the magnetic field during severe to extreme geomagnetic storms induces a large geoelectric field in the subsurface. Grounded infrastructure can be susceptible to geomagnetically induced currents…14 May, 2025
Apex predators play a key role in maintaining ecosystem structure and functions (Ripple et al., 2014; Estes et al., 2016; Enquist et al., 2020). They exert top-down control on food…14 May, 2025
Despite their relative rarity, atmospheric rivers are key contributors to the surface mass balance of Antarctica. However, the future role of atmospheric rivers in modulating Antarctic sea-level contributions is a…14 May, 2025 by Andrew Fleming, Dave Munday, Povl Abrahamsen, Emma Young, Hugh Venables, Alexander Brearley, Kate Hendry, Michael Meredith
Mixing of the ocean around Antarctica is a key process that exerts influences over large scales and in multiple ways. By redistributing heat in the ocean, it exerts strong influences…Read more on Polar Ocean Mixing by Internal Tsunamis (POLOMINTS)
10 May, 2025 by Josephine Anselin, Keith Nicholls, Pierre Dutrieux
Using radar data from the Beardmore Glacier grounding zone, we image a narrow subglacial channel (300-500 m wide) that reaches a height of 200 m above the ambient ice-shelf draft.…8 May, 2025 by Pierre Dutrieux
The ice streams feeding the Dotson and Crosson ice shelves are some of the fastest changing in West Antarctica. We use satellite observations to measure the change in ice speed…3 May, 2025 by Emma Woodfield
This study uses the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt code to model Saturn's radiation belt environment, investigating electron acceleration, loss, and transport mechanisms. The simulations consider various physical processes, including convection…Read more on Electron Acceleration and Zebra Stripe Formation in Saturn’s Radiation Belts
2 May, 2025 by Jose Marques Queiros, Mark Belchier, Philip Hollyman
Food-webs are a major component of ecosystems and determinant for their functioning and structure. The food chain length (FCL) is a key feature of food-webs and it is crucial for…2 May, 2025 by Jasmine Lee
Glaciers and glacially influenced ecosystems host unique biodiversity spanning all kingdoms of life, but glaciers are retreating as the global climate warms, threatening specialist species, ecosystem functions and stability. We…Read more on Impacts of deglaciation on biodiversity and ecosystem function
1 May, 2025 by Cameron Trotter, Huw Griffiths, Rowan Whittle
The analysis of image data for benthic biodiversity monitoring is now commonplace within the domain of marine ecology. Whilst advances in imaging technologies have allowed for the collection of vast…Read more on Surveying the deep: A review of computer vision in the benthos
1 May, 2025 by Philip Trathan
Improved methods for identifying species at risk are needed to strengthen climate change vulnerability assessments, as current estimates indicate that up to one million species face extinction due to environmental…1 May, 2025 by David Barnes
Polar ecosystems are on the forefront of climate change, yet large parts of our polar seas remain unexplored. This affects our ability to detect change in these regions and hampers…Read more on Towards a regional baseline of Greenland’s continental shelf seabed biodiversity
1 May, 2025 by Lloyd Peck
We acknowledge the valuable perspectives presented in the letter by Murray et al. in response to our recent publication. They highlight the risk that artificial intelligence (AI) may divide conservation…1 May, 2025 by Beverley Ager
This paper explores the challenge of identifying Antarctic polar research using conventional keyword searches, and examines the way these approaches can be used for benchmarking the bibliometric impact of polar…Read more on Identifying and benchmarking polar research – bibliometric issues and implications
28 April, 2025 by Federico Covi
Regional climate models (RCMs) are fundamental tools in understanding and quantifying the contribution of the Greenland ice sheet to sea-level rise. We perform an extensive evaluation of the daily air…26 April, 2025 by Mervyn Freeman
Substorms have been identified from negative bays in the AL/SML index, which traces the minimum northward ground magnetic deflection at auroral latitudes, produced by enhancements of the westward electrojet. For…25 April, 2025 by Jennifer Freer, Philip Trathan, Sophie Fielding, Victoria Warwick-Evans
The management strategy for the Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba ) fishery is being revised. A key aim is to spatially and temporally allocate catches in a manner that minimizes…25 April, 2025
Many studies have reported the paradoxical observation of high concentrations of low‐density microplastics (plastic particles < 5 mm) in deep‐sea sediments despite their buoyancy. The incorporation of buoyant microplastics into…25 April, 2025 by Martin Collins, Philip Hollyman, Simeon Hill
Morphological traits reflect an organism’s ecological niche and role within ecosystems. Identifying how traits are associated with diet will therefore improve our understanding of the drivers of community structure. We…24 April, 2025 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James Kirkham, Kelly Hogan, Robert Larter
Understanding how regime shifts in iceberg calving behavior affect ice shelf stability remains a challenge for numerical models. This is an important question as we consider the fate of the…24 April, 2025 by Scott Hosking
When using machine learning to model environmental systems, it is often a model’s ability to predict extreme behaviors that yields the highest practical value to policy makers. However, most existing…Read more on Reflective error: a metric for assessing predictive performance at extreme events
21 April, 2025 by Richard Phillips
Although fisheries bycatch is the greatest threat to many migratory marine megafauna, it remains unclear how population exposure to bycatch varies across the global range of threatened species. Such assessments…19 April, 2025 by Kate Hendry, Rhiannon Jones
The polar regions are biologically productive and play a critical role in regional and global biogeochemical cycling. A key nutrient is dissolved silicon, required for the growth of siliceous phytoplankton,…Read more on Insights into silicon cycling from ice sheet to coastal ocean from isotope geochemistry
18 April, 2025 by Alison Cleary, Eugene Murphy, Nadine Johnston, Sally Thorpe, Simeon Hill
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are integral to Southern Ocean pelagic ecosystems. Winters with extensive sea ice have been linked to high post-larval krill recruitment the following spring, suggesting that sea…17 April, 2025 by Mark Clilverd
Geomagnetically induced current (GIC) measurements made at two 3 phase, 3 limb transformers, operating in the Halfway Bush substation in Dunedin, New Zealand have been analyzed during the May 2024…15 April, 2025 by Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark
Antarctica is a very cold, isolated continent surrounded by frozen seas, yet these extreme environmental conditions have not restricted life and diversity in the sea. The marine environment is seasonally…14 April, 2025 by Jasmine Lee, Kevin Hughes, Peter Convey
Antarctica has been subject to direct human activity for a little over 200 years. In recent decades, the combination of sharp increases in human activity and regional climate change, particularly…Read more on Status assessment of non-native terrestrial species in Antarctica
14 April, 2025 by Kate Hendry
The Transpolar Drift (TPD) plays a crucial role in regulating Arctic climate and ecosystems by transporting fresh water and key substances, such as terrestrial nutrients and pollutants, from the Siberian…11 April, 2025 by Richard Horne
Plasma waves in the magnetosphere scatter electrons, causing them to precipitate into Earth’s atmosphere, imparting their temporal characteristics to diffuse auroras. In a case study of conjugate radar and satellite…11 April, 2025 by Donya Yazdani
Somatic Contiguous Hypermutations (CHM) are a popular variation operator used in artificial immune systems for optimisation tasks. Theoretical studies have shown that CHM operators can lead to considerable speed-ups in…9 April, 2025 by Mark Clilverd
The characteristics of very low frequency (VLF) radio wave propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide are determined particularly through dawn and dusk using phase and amplitude measurements of man-made signals propagating…Read more on Ionospheric D Region: Characteristics Near Dawn and Dusk
9 April, 2025 by Markus Frey
Sea salt aerosol (SSaer) significantly impacts aerosol-radiation and aerosol-cloud interactions, and sublimated blowing snow is hypothesized to be an important SSaer source in polar regions. Understanding blowing snow and other…7 April, 2025 by Alexander Brearley, Kate Hendry, Natasha Lucas
Measurements from a robotic underwater vehicle reveal the impacts of meltwater from the giant iceberg A-68A on the properties of the surrounding Southern Ocean. In addition to increasing surface stratification…4 April, 2025 by Povl Abrahamsen, Geraint Tarling, Alexander Brearley, Kate Hendry, Michael Meredith, Natasha Lucas
Ice-sheet mass loss is one of the clearest manifestations of climate change, with Antarctica discharging mass into the ocean via melting or through calving. The latter produces icebergs that can…Read more on Giant iceberg meltwater increases upper-ocean stratification and vertical mixing
4 April, 2025 by Ellen Bowler, Marie Attard, Peter Fretwell, Richard Phillips
The Tristan albatross Diomedea dabbenena is a Critically Endangered species that breeds exclusively on remote islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. Although the population continues to decline, regular on-the-ground monitoring…2 April, 2025 by Jamie Coleman
Kller whales (Orcinus orca, Linnaeus 1758) are wide-ranging throughout the world's oceans (Forney & Wade, 2006)and can travel over large distances (Dahlheim et al., 2008; Durban & Pitman, 2012). In…1 April, 2025 by Alexander Whittle, Dominic Hodgson
Radiocarbon dating of basal peats has been a key factor in determining minimum ages for deglaciation on sub-Antarctic islands. On Marion Island, peat bogs dominate the landscape below 300 m a.s.l.,…1 April, 2025
In mammals, olfaction plays a key role in social behaviour, for example, in identifying mating opportunities and potential rivals. However, we still have a limited understanding of how social information…1 April, 2025 by Peter Convey
Lichens play important roles in habitat formation and community succession in polar and alpine ecosystems. Despite their significance, the ecological effects of lichen traits remain poorly researched. We propose a…1 April, 2025 by Danielle Buss, Jaume Forcada, Richard Phillips, William Mills
Annual variation in prey availability can influence seabird diets and hence their exposure to pollutants, including mercury (Hg). Among seabirds, those species that scavenge carrion of marine mammals and other…1 April, 2025 by Peter Convey
Rhizosphere microbial communities are intimately associated with plant root surfaces. The rhizosphere microbiome is recruited from the surrounding soil and is known to impact positively on the plant host via…1 April, 2025 by Ingrid Cnossen
Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions significantly impact the middle and upper atmosphere. They cause cooling and thermal shrinking and affect the atmospheric structure. Atmospheric contraction results in changes in key atmospheric…Read more on The Need for Better Monitoring of Climate Change in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere
1 April, 2025 by Peter Convey
Polar ecosystems are threatened by non-native plants, and this risk will increase with climate warming. Non-native plant growth depends on Antarctic environmental conditions and substrates, but these influences are poorly…