Showing 11923 items
1 August, 2019 by Robert Arthern, Rebecca Tuckwell, Robert Mulvaney
Surface mass balance (SMB) is the net input of mass on a glacier's upper surface, composed of snow deposition, melt and erosion processes, and is a major contributor to the…
1 August, 2019 by Kira Rehfeld
Multidecadal surface temperature changes may be forced by natural as well as anthropogenic factors, or arise unforced from the climate system. Distinguishing these factors is essential for estimating sensitivity to…
1 August, 2019 by Mervyn Freeman
Substorms are a highly variable process, which can occur as an isolated event or as part of a sequence of multiple substorms (compound substorms). In this study we identify how…Read more on Substorm ‐ Ring Current Coupling: A comparison of isolated and compound substorms
29 July, 2019 by Peter Convey
Background. The study of altitudinal gradients provides insights about species diversity, distribution patterns and related drivers. The Magellanic sub-Antarctic ecoregion has a steep elevational gradient, peaking at around 1,000 m…
29 July, 2019 by Leyre Villota Nieva, Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark
Marine encrusting communities play vital roles in benthic ecosystems and have major economic implications with regards to biofouling. However, their ability to persist under projected warming scenarios remains poorly understood…
28 July, 2019 by Mervyn Freeman, Rob Shore
We obtain current densities from the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE), alongside By and Bz from the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) for March 2010. For each AMPERE…Read more on Timescales of Birkeland Currents driven by the IMF
24 July, 2019 by Geraint Tarling, Simeon Hill
Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, have a circumpolar distribution but are concentrated within the south-west Atlantic sector, where they support a unique food web and a commercial fishery. Within this sector,…Read more on Habitat partitioning in Antarctic krill: Spawning hotspots and nursery areas
23 July, 2019 by Emma Woodfield, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
Electron acceleration at Saturn due to whistler mode chorus waves has previously been assumed to be ineffective; new data closer to the planet shows it can be very rapid (factor…23 July, 2019 by Mervyn Freeman, Rob Shore
We analyse the spatial variation in the response of the surface geomagnetic field (or the equivalent ionospheric current) to variations in the solar wind. Specifically, we regress a reanalysis of…22 July, 2019 by Jaume Forcada
Numerous studies have reported correlations between the heterozygosity of genetic markers and fitness. These heterozygosity–fitness correlations (HFCs) play a central role in evolutionary and conservation biology, yet their mechanistic basis…19 July, 2019 by Irena Vankova
Iceberg calving is a major contributor to Greenland’s ice mass loss. Pro-glacial mélange (a mixture of sea ice, icebergs, and snow) may be tightly packed in the long, narrow fjords…Read more on Rapid iceberg calving following removal of tightly packed pro-glacial mélange
18 July, 2019 by Richard Phillips
Marine vertebrates show a diversity of migration strategies, including sex differences. This may lead to differential demography, but the consequences of such between-sex variation are little understood. Here, we studied…
17 July, 2019 by James Kirkham, Kelly Hogan, Robert Larter
Outburst floods from subglacial lakes beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet modulate ice flow velocities over periods of months to years. Although subglacial lake drainage events have been observed from satellite…Read more on Past water flow beneath Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, West Antarctica
16 July, 2019 by Anna Jones
We present a technique that utilises a segmented flow coil equilibrator coupled to a proton-transferreaction mass spectrometer to measure a broad range of dissolved volatile organic compounds. Thanks to its…16 July, 2019 by Richard Horne
In this study, we use the observations of electromagnetic waves by DEMETER satellite to investigate propagation characteristics of low altitude ionospheric hiss. In an event study, intense hiss wave power…Read more on Statistical characteristics of ionospheric hiss waves
16 July, 2019 by Fausto Ferraccioli, Tom Jordan
The East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) is underlain by a series of low‐lying subglacial sedimentary basins. The extent, geology and basal topography of these sedimentary basins are important boundary conditions…Read more on Subglacial geology and geomorphology of the Pensacola‐Pole Basin, East Antarctica
16 July, 2019 by Katrin Linse
The recently discovered hydrothermal vent ecosystems in the Southern Ocean host a suite of vent-endemic species, including lepetodrilid limpets dominating in abundance. Limpets were collected from the chimneys, basalts and…16 July, 2019 by Alex Burton-Johnson
New geochemical data are presented for the composite units of the Mount Kinabalu granitoid intrusion of Borneo and explore discrimination between crustal- and mantlederived granitic magmas. The geochemical data demonstrate…16 July, 2019 by Johnathan Ross, Mark Clilverd, Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
Signals from very low frequency (VLF) transmitters can leak from the Earth‐ionosphere wave guide into the inner magnetosphere, where they propagate in the whistler mode and contribute to electron dynamics…Read more on Effects of VLF transmitter waves on the inner belt and slot region
16 July, 2019 by James Kirkham
Seasonal snow is an important component of the Himalayan hydrological system, but a lack of observations at high altitude hampers understanding and forecasting of water availability in this region. Here,…Read more on Near real-time measurement of snow water equivalent in the Nepal Himalayas.
16 July, 2019 by Chester Sands
Life traits such as reproductive strategy can be determining factors of species evolutionary history and explain the resulting diversity patterns. This can be investigated using phylogeographic analyses of genetic units.…
15 July, 2019 by Alex Burton-Johnson, Peter Fretwell
Mt. Michael is an active stratovolcano on Saunders Island in the South Sandwich Islands; a remote, oceanic island arc in the southern Atlantic Ocean, bordering the Southern Ocean. The arc…
15 July, 2019 by Joanne Johnson
The glacial history of the westernmost Weddell Sea sector of Antarctica since the Last Glacial Maximum is virtually unknown, and yet it has been identified as critical for improving reliability…Read more on Abrupt mid-Holocene ice loss in the western Weddell Sea Embayment of Antarctica
15 July, 2019 by Alexander Tate, Alex Burton-Johnson, Philip Leat, Teal Riley
Understanding the tectonic evolution of the Scotia Sea is critical to interpreting how ocean gateways developed during the Cenozoic and their influence on ocean circulation patterns and water exchange between…15 July, 2019 by Johnathan Ross, Mark Clilverd, Nigel Meredith, Richard Horne
Signals from man‐made Very Low Frequency (VLF) transmitters, used for communications with submarines, can leak into space and contribute to the dynamics of energetic electrons in the inner radiation belt…10 July, 2019 by Clara Manno, Victoria Peck
The potential for preservation of thecosome pteropods is thought to be largely governed by the chemical stability of their delicate aragonitic shells in seawater. However, sediment trap studies have found…
9 July, 2019 by Keith Nicholls
Increasing ocean and air temperatures have contributed to the removal of floating ice shelves from several Greenland outlet glaciers; however, the specific contribution of these external forcings remains poorly understood.…
9 July, 2019 by Kelly Hogan, Keith Nicholls
Over the last decade, two major calving events of the Petermann Ice Tongue in Northwest Greenland have led to speculation on its future stability and contribution to further Greenland Ice…Read more on Holocene break-up and reestablishment of the Petermann Ice Tongue, Northwest Greenland
9 July, 2019 by Dominic Hodgson
During the past two decades, the subantarctic diatom flora has been the subject of several detailed taxonomic revisions, resulting in the description of a large number of new species. During…4 July, 2019 by Mark Clilverd
We present a new method for identifying the source regions of lightning‐generated whistlers observed at a fixed location. In addition to the spatial distribution of causative lightning discharges, we calculate…
3 July, 2019 by Alexander Tate, Elanor Gowland, Philip Leat, Robert Larter, Teal Riley
The Drake Passage is an oceanic gateway of about 850 km width located between South America and the Antarctic Peninsula that connects the southeastern Pacific Ocean with the southwestern Atlantic Ocean.…
2 July, 2019 by Anna Jones, Markus Frey, Xin Yang
Blowing snow over sea ice has been proposed as a significant source of sea salt aerosol (SSA) (Yang et al., 2008). In this study, using snow salinity data and blowing…2 July, 2019 by Geraint Tarling
Antarctic krill are obligate swarmers and the size and shape of the swarms they form can have a major influence on trophic interactions and biogeochemical fluxes. Parameterizing variability in size…Read more on Scaling of size, shape and surface roughness in Antarctic krill swarms
2 July, 2019 by Povl Abrahamsen, Christian Buckingham, Keith Nicholls, Michael Meredith
The overturning circulation of the global ocean is critically shaped by deep-ocean mixing, which transforms cold waters sinking at high latitudes into warmer, shallower waters. The effectiveness of mixing in…Read more on Rapid mixing and exchange of deep-ocean waters in an abyssal boundary current
1 July, 2019 by Michael Meredith
The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), one of the most productive regions of the Southern Ocean, is currently undergoing rapid environmental changes such as ocean acidification (OA) and increased daily irradiances…1 July, 2019 by Linda Capper
The development of formal discourse about education and outreach within the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM), and the influence of major international activities in this field, are described. This study…1 July, 2019 by Mervyn Freeman, Rob Shore
We analyse the response of different ionospheric equivalent current modes to variations in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) components By and Bz. Each mode comprises a fixed spatial pattern whose…
1 July, 2019 by Belinda Vause, David Barnes, Lloyd Peck, Melody Clark, Simon Morley
Background: Marine soft sediments are some of the most widespread habitats in the ocean, playing a vital role in global carbon cycling, but are amongst the least studied with regard…1 July, 2019 by Sophie Fielding
The vertical migration of zooplankton and micronekton (hereafter ‘zooplankton’) has ramifications throughout the food web. Here, we present the first evidence that climate fluctuations affect the vertical migration of zooplankton…1 July, 2019 by Arlie McCarthy, Kevin Hughes, Lloyd Peck
Antarctica is experiencing significant ecological and environmental change, which may facilitate the establishment of non‐native marine species. Non‐native marine species will interact with other anthropogenic stressors affecting Antarctic ecosystems, such…Read more on Antarctica: the final frontier for marine biological invasions
30 June, 2019 by Alice Pullen, Alistair Crame
We review the evidence for predation of shelly benthic prey over 125 million years of earth history in the James Ross Basin, Antarctica (~65°S). Although poor in the Early Cretaceous…30 June, 2019 by Alistair Crame
The extensive Late Mesozoic–Early Cenozoic sedimentary succession exposed within the James Ross Basin, Antarctica has huge potential to enhance paleobiological investigations into both the marine and terrestrial fossil records. In…Read more on Paleobiological significance of the James Ross Basin.
29 June, 2019 by Claire Allen, Dieter Tetzner, Liz Thomas
Climate reanalyses provide key information to calibrate proxy records in regions with scarce direct observations. The climate reanalysis used to perform a proxy calibration should accurately reproduce the local climate…29 June, 2019 by Richard Horne
During geomagnetic storms, some fraction of the solar wind energy is coupled via reconnection at the dayside magnetopause, a process that requires a southward interplanetary magnetic field Bz. Through a…28 June, 2019 by David Vaughan, Gareth Marshall, Peter Convey
Warming of the Antarctic Peninsula in the latter half of the 20th century was greater than any other terrestrial environment in the Southern Hemisphere, and obvious cryospheric and biological consequences…Read more on The Antarctic Peninsula under a 1.5°C global warming scenario.
27 June, 2019 by Andrew Kavanagh
The structure, variability, and mean-flow interactions of the quasi-2-day wave (Q2DW) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere during January 2015 were studied employing meteor and medium-frequency radar winds at eight…
20 June, 2019 by Tracy Moffat-Griffin
During the geomagnetic storm of 1 June 2013 all‐sky imagers located at geomagnetically conjugate locations at Millstone Hill, USA (42.6 o N, 71.4 o W, 50.9o mag lat) and at…Read more on First ground-based conjugate observations of Stable Auroral Red (SAR) Arcs
18 June, 2019 by James France
The fate of persistent organic pollutants in sea ice is a poorly researched area and yet ice serves as an important habitat for organisms at the base of the marine…
17 June, 2019 by Simon Morley
It has been suggested that giant Antarctic marine invertebrates will be particularly vulnerable to declining O2 levels as our ocean warms in line with current climate change predictions. Our study…
17 June, 2019 by Simon Morley
Documenting and explaining global patterns of biodiversity in time and space have fascinated and occupied biologists for centuries. Investigation of the importance of these patterns, and their underpinning mechanisms, has…17 June, 2019 by Alexandra Weiss, James Pope, Thomas Bracegirdle, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
A coordinated atmosphere-ocean research project, centered on a rare wintertime field campaign to the Iceland and Greenland Seas, seeks to determine the location and causes of dense water formation by…
17 June, 2019 by Mervyn Freeman
We investigate how statistical properties of the rate of change R of the surface horizontal magnetic field in the United Kingdom differ during substorm expansion and recovery phases compared with…
16 June, 2019 by Richard Horne
Equatorial noise (EN) emissions are observed inside and outside the plasmapause. EN emissions are referred to as magnetosonic mode waves. Using data from Van Allen Probes and Arase, we found…
16 June, 2019 by Michael Meredith, Paul Holland
The response of the subpolar Southern Ocean (sSO) to wind forcing is assessed using satellite radar altimetry. sSO sea level exhibits a phased, zonally coherent, bi‐modal adjustment to circumpolar wind…Read more on Phased response of the subpolar Southern Ocean to changes in circumpolar winds
14 June, 2019 by Ingrid Cnossen
Wave‐like structures in the upper atmospheric nightglow brightness were observed on the night of 22 August 2017, approximately 8 hr following a total solar eclipse. These wave‐like perturbations are signatures…12 June, 2019 by Richard Phillips
Migration is a fundamental behavioural process prevalent among a wide variety of animal taxa. As individuals are increasingly shown to present consistent responses to environmental cues for breeding or foraging,…12 June, 2019 by Dominic Hodgson
A 70 meters long continental sediment record was recovered at Darwin Crater in western Tasmania, Australia. The new sedimentary archive includes a pre-lake deposit and the complete lake sediment succession…Read more on Scientific Drilling of Lake Sediments at Darwin Crater, Tasmania
12 June, 2019 by Adrian Jenkins
Oceanic melting beneath ice shelves is the main driver of the current mass loss of the Antarctic ice sheet and is mostly parameterised in stand-alone ice-sheet modelling. Parameterisations are crude…11 June, 2019 by Iain Staniland, Norman Ratcliffe, Philip Trathan, Victoria Warwick-Evans
The Patagonian Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem supports high levels of biodiversity and endemism and is one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world. Despite the important role marine…11 June, 2019 by Andrew Wood, Deborah Pardo, Jaume Forcada, Louise Ireland, Richard Phillips
1.Many animal taxa exhibit sex‐specific variation in ecological traits, such as foraging and distribution. These differences could result in sex‐specific responses to change, but such demographic effects are poorly understood.…10 June, 2019 by Peter Convey
Copepods are present in numerous aquatic environments, playing key roles in food webs, and are thought to be useful indicators of environmental change. Boeckella is a calanoid copepod genus distributed…
7 June, 2019 by Liz Thomas, Louise Sime, Thomas Bracegirdle
Quantitative estimates of future Antarctic climate change are derived from numerical global climate models. Evaluation of the reliability of climate model projections involves many lines of evidence on past performance…
5 June, 2019 by Lloyd Peck
Ocean acidification threatens many ecologically and economically important marine calcifiers. The increase in shell dissolution under the resulting reduced pH is an important and increasingly recognized threat. The biocomposites that…
5 June, 2019 by Alexander Tate, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James Smith, James Kirkham, Kelly Hogan, Robert Larter, Zoe Roseby
Basal hydrological systems play an important role in controlling the dynamic behaviour of ice streams. Data showing their morphology and relationship to geological substrates beneath modern ice streams are, however,…Read more on Subglacial hydrological control on flow of an Antarctic Peninsula palaeo-ice stream
4 June, 2019 by James Kirkham
Seasonal snow cover is an important source of melt water for irrigation and hydropower production in many regions of the world, but can also be a cause of disasters, such…Read more on A model setup for mapping snow conditions in high-mountain Himalaya
3 June, 2019 by Mark Clilverd
In this study we investigate and quantify the statistical changes that occur in the stratosphere and mesosphere during 37 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events from 1989 to 2016. We consider…1 June, 2019 by Peter Convey
Fungi are microbes that play vital roles in nutrient cycling in natural environments and in symbiotic interactions with plants and other microbes. They thrive successfully even when challenged by various…1 June, 2019 by Peter Convey
Antarctica is not free from environmental pollutants although it is often perceived as the last pristine continent on Earth. Research stations represent one of the largest forms of anthropogenic activity…Read more on Heavy metal pollution in Antarctica and its potential impacts on algae
1 June, 2019 by Peter Convey
We hypothesised that the activation energy (Ea) of growth in a marine-derived tropical strain of Fusarium equiseti and polar strains of Pseudogymnoascus spp. grown for 10 days in a liquid…1 June, 2019 by Peter Convey
Phycobiliproteins, which include phycocyanin, allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin, are the group of coloured accessory photosynthetic pigments present in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Pseudanabaena is a genus of microscopic cyanobacteria, cosmopolitan in distribution…1 June, 2019 by Andrew Clarke
Growth involves two flows of energy: the chemical energy in the monomers used to construct the macromolecules that comprise tissue (proteins, nucleic acids, lipid membranes), and the metabolic energy used…1 June, 2019 by Rachael Turton
Dynamic global vegetation models are key tools for interpreting and forecasting the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to climatic variation and other drivers. They estimate plant growth as the outcome of…
1 June, 2019
Many UK medical curricula lack dedicated prehospital education other than first aid courses and basic life support training. In contrast, nonmedical mountain rescue team members receive advanced prehospital training addressing…Read more on Mountain rescue casualty care and the undergraduate medical elective
29 May, 2019 by Tracey Dornan, Ryan Saunders, Sophie Fielding, Tracey Dornan, Tracey Dornan
Within the twilight of the oceanic mesopelagic realm, 200–1000 m below sea level, are potentially vast resources of fish. Collectively, these mesopelagic fishes are the most abundant vertebrates on Earth,…Read more on Swimbladder morphology masks Southern Ocean mesopelagic fish biomass
29 May, 2019 by Hamish Pritchard
About 800 million people depend in part on meltwater from the thousands of glaciers in the high mountains of Asia. Water stress makes this region vulnerable to drought, but glaciers…Read more on Asia’s shrinking glaciers protect large populations from drought stress
28 May, 2019 by Philip Trathan
Penguins face a wide range of threats. Most observed population changes have been negative and have happened over the last 60 years. Today, populations of 11 of the 18 penguin…27 May, 2019 by Huw Griffiths
Assessments of the status and trends of habitats, species and ecosystems are needed for effective ecosystem-based management in marine ecosystems. Knowledge on imminent ecosystem changes (climate change impacts) set in…25 May, 2019 by Andrew Orr
Glaciers in the Satluj river basin are likely to lose 53% and 81% of area by the end of the century, if climate change followed RCP 8.5 scenario of CNRMCM5…
24 May, 2019 by Dani Jones
Representation of the drop size distribution (DSD) of rainfall is a key element of characterizing precipitation in models and observations, with a functional form necessary to calculate the precipitation flux…Read more on On the distinctiveness of oceanic raindrop regimes
22 May, 2019 by Andrew Fleming
The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical ocean and sea-ice state for the global ocean and the European regional…Read more on From observation to information and users: The Copernicus Marine Service perspective
22 May, 2019 by Kevin Newsham
Background The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens has created an urgent need for novel antimicrobial treatments. Advances in next-generation sequencing have opened new frontiers for discovery programmes for natural products allowing…Read more on Microbial community drivers of PK/NRP gene diversity in selected global soils
21 May, 2019 by Amelie Kirchgaessner, John King, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Antarctic tropospheric clouds are investigated using the radar-lidar DARDAR (raDAR/liDAR)-MASK products. The cloud fraction is divided into the supercooled liquid water (SLW)-containing clouds and the all-ice clouds. The low-level SLW…20 May, 2019 by Peter Convey
Biodiversity is threatened by climate change and other human activities [1], but to assess impacts, we also need to identify the current distribution of species on Earth. Predicting abundance and…
17 May, 2019 by Hayley Allison, Richard Horne, Sarah Glauert
Observations of the electron radiation belts have shown links between increases in the low-energy seed population and enhancements in the >1-MeV flux. During active times, low-energy electrons are introduced to…
16 May, 2019 by Geraint Tarling, Jennifer Freer, Martin Collins
Aim: Lanternfish (Myctophidae) are one of the most abundant and ecologically important families of pelagic teleosts, yet how these species will respond to climate change is unclear, especially within polar…
15 May, 2019 by Luca Telesca
ecent developments in genomics are advancing our understanding of the processes shaping population structure in wild organisms. In particular, reduced representation sequencing has facilitated the generation of dense genetic marker…14 May, 2019 by Kelly Hogan, Robert Larter
Bathymetric data of unprecedented resolution are used to provide insights into former ice dynamics and glacial processes in a western Antarctic Peninsula embayment. An assemblage of submarine glacial landforms, which…8 May, 2019 by Melody Clark, Tejaswi Yarra
The physiological processes driving the rapid rates of calcification in larval bivalves are poorly understood. Here, we use a calcification substrate‐limited approach (low dissolved inorganic carbon, CT) and mRNA sequencing…4 May, 2019 by Andrew Meijers, Dani Jones, Emily Shuckburgh, Harry Holt
The Southern Ocean has complex spatial variability, characterized by sharp fronts, steeply tilted isopycnals, and deep seasonal mixed layers. Methods of defining Southern Ocean spatial structures traditionally rely on somewhat…Read more on Unsupervised clustering of Southern Ocean Argo float temperature profiles
1 May, 2019 by Kevin Newsham
Our understanding of the diversity and community dynamics of soil fungi has increased greatly through the use of DNA‐based identification. Community characterisation of metabolically active communities via RNA sequencing has…1 May, 2019 by Jaume Forcada
Despite an increasing appreciation of the importance of host‐microbe interactions in ecological and evolutionary processes, the factors shaping microbial communities in wild populations remain poorly understood. We therefore exploited a…1 May, 2019 by Robert Larter
Lack of foraminiferal carbonate in marine sediments deposited at high latitudes results in traditional oxygen isotope stratigraphy not playing a central role in Quaternary age control for a large portion…1 May, 2019 by Philip Trathan, Richard Phillips
There have been efforts around the globe to track individuals of many marine species and assess their movements and distribution, with the putative goal of supporting their conservation and management.…Read more on Translating marine animal tracking data into conservation policy and management
1 May, 2019 by Emma Cross, Lloyd Peck
Organisms with long generation times require phenotypic plasticity to survive in changing environments until genetic adaptation can be achieved. Marine calcifiers are particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification due to dissolution…1 May, 2019 by Peter Convey, Rolf Maslen
Nematodes are one of the key organisms in the terrestrial ecosystems of Antarctica. Their exceptional cryptobiotic adaptations against freezing and desiccation stress have attracted significant research attention. However, even today,…1 May, 2019 by Philip Trathan, Peter Fretwell
Satellite imagery is used to show that the world's second largest emperor penguin colony, at Halley Bay, has suffered three years of almost total breeding failure. Although, like all emperor…Read more on Emperors on thin ice: three years of breeding failure at Halley Bay