Found 13742 items
1 August, 2022 by Martin Rogers
Microsporidian diversity is vast. There is a renewed drive to understand how microsporidian pathological, genomic, and ecological traits relate to their phylogeny. We comprehensively sample and phylogenetically analyse 125 microsporidian…Read more on Microsporidia: a new taxonomic, evolutionary, and ecological synthesis
30 July, 2022 by Jaume Forcada
Nuclear copies of mitochondrial genes (numts) are commonplace in vertebrate genomes and have been characterized in many species. However, relatively little attention has been paid to understanding their evolutionary origins…26 July, 2022 by Anna Jones, Markus Frey, Robert Mulvaney, Holly Winton
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are synthetic chemicals with a variety of industrial and consumer applications that are now widely distributed in the global environment. Here, we report the measurement of six…
25 July, 2022 by Alice Fremand, Carl Robinson, David Vaughan, Fausto Ferraccioli, Hugh Corr, Helen Peat, Julien Bodart, Tom Jordan
Over the past 50 years, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) has been one of the major acquirers of aerogeophysical data over Antarctica, providing scientists with gravity, magnetic, and radar datasets…22 July, 2022 by Neil Cobbett, Tracy Moffat-Griffin
The mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) is a dynamic layer of the earth’s atmosphere. This region marks the interface at which neutral atmosphere dynamics begin to influence the ionosphere and…22 July, 2022 by Claire Allen, Zelna Weich
Antarctic sea ice is an essential component of the global climate system. Reconstructions of Antarctic sea ice from marine sediment cores are a vital resource to improve the representation of…21 July, 2022 by Claire Allen, Dieter Tetzner, Liz Thomas
The Southern Hemisphere westerly winds are among the most important drivers of recently observed environmental changes in West Antarctica. However, the lack of long-term wind records in this region hinders…21 July, 2022 by Philip Trathan
In Antarctica, abundant consumers rely on Antarctic krill for food, but krill are also the subject of a commercial fishery. The fishery overlaps in time and space with the foraging…21 July, 2022 by Kate Hendry
Over recent decades the highest rates of water column warming and sea ice loss across the Arctic Ocean have been observed in the Barents Sea. These physical changes have resulted…Read more on Benthic silicon cycling in the Arctic Barents Sea: A reaction–transport model study
20 July, 2022 by Peter Convey
Solar radiation regulates most biological activities on Earth. Prolonged exposure to solar UV radiation can cause deleterious effects by inducing two major types of DNA damage, namely cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers…20 July, 2022 by Victoria Warwick-Evans
Marine protected areas (MPAs), particularly large MPAs, are increasing in number and size around the globe in part to facilitate the conservation of marine megafauna under the assumption that large-scale…Read more on Mismatches in scale between highly mobile marine megafauna and marine protected areas
19 July, 2022
This thesis presents new computational methods to analyse both short and long-term effects of temperature increase on biological systems. First, we consider the problem of acclimation of an organism to…Read more on Cpmoutational tools for metabolic modeling and gene duplication analysis
19 July, 2022 by Richard Phillips
Penguins lost the ability to fly more than 60 million years ago, subsequently evolving a hyper-specialized marine body plan. Within the framework of a genome-scale, fossil-inclusive phylogeny, we identify key…Read more on Genomic insights into the secondary aquatic transition of penguins
15 July, 2022 by Kate Hendry
Biogeochemical cycling of silicon (Si) in the Barents Sea is under considerable pressure from physical and chemical changes, including dramatic warming and sea ice retreat, together with a decline in…13 July, 2022 by John King, John Turner
Northern sections of the Larsen Ice Shelf, eastern Antarctic Peninsula (AP) have experienced dramatic break-up and collapse since the early 1990s due to strong summertime surface melt, linked to strengthened…13 July, 2022 by Ryan Saunders
The global importance of mesopelagic fish is increasingly recognised, but they remain poorly studied. This is particularly true in the Southern Ocean, where mesopelagic fishes are both key predators and…13 July, 2022 by Ashley Bennison
Understanding the sensory ecology of species is vital if we are to predict how they will function in a changing environment. Visual cues are fundamentally important for many predators when…Read more on Underwater visibility constrains the foraging behaviour of a diving pelagic seabird
9 July, 2022 by Geraint Tarling, Ryan Saunders
The Scotia Sea is a productive pelagic ecosystem in the Southern Ocean, which is rapidly changing as a consequence of global warming. Species range shifts are particularly evident, as sub-Antarctic…Read more on Ecological networks in the Scotia Sea: Structural changes across latitude and depth
9 July, 2022 by Dennis Mayk, Lloyd Peck
Ocean acidification and global climate change are predicted to negatively impact marine calcifiers, with species inhabiting the intertidal zone being especially vulnerable. Current predictions of organism responses to projected changes…7 July, 2022 by Kate Hendry
Carbonate chemistry of the Arctic Ocean seafloor and its vulnerability to ocean acidification remains poorly explored. This limits our ability to quantify how biogeochemical processes and bottom water conditions shape…7 July, 2022 by Lloyd Peck
The biodiversity of marine and coastal habitats is experiencing unprecedented change. While there are well-known drivers of these changes, such as overexploitation, climate change and pollution, there are also relatively…Read more on A global horizon scan of issues impacting marine and coastal biodiversity conservation
7 July, 2022 by Ella Gilbert
Recent warm atmospheric conditions have damaged the ice shelves of the Antarctic Peninsula through surface melt and hydrofracturing and could potentially initiate future collapse of other Antarctic ice shelves. However,…Read more on Clouds drive differences in future surface melt over the Antarctic ice shelves
6 July, 2022 by Dani Jones, Rachael Sanders
The subpolar North Atlantic is an important part of the global ocean and climate system, with SST variability in the region influencing the climate of Europe and North America. While…Read more on Causes of the 2015 North Atlantic cold anomaly in a global state estimate
6 July, 2022 by Jack Atkinson
We investigate the flow within a liquid-metal battery induced by an externally imposed magnetic field, B-0. An analytical model for laminar flow is proposed and this is found to be…Read more on Magnetically driven flow in a liquid-metal battery
5 July, 2022 by Danielle Buss
Baleen whales are highly mobile marine predators that are still recovering from unsustainable exploitation between the 18th and 20th centuries. There remain considerable gaps in our understanding of the migration,…4 July, 2022 by Norman Ratcliffe
1. Changes in phenology and distribution are being widely reported for many migratory species in response to shifting environmental conditions. Understanding these changes and the situations in which they occur…4 July, 2022
Endangered species with small population sizes are susceptible to genetic erosion, which can be detrimental to long-term persistence. Consequently, monitoring and mitigating the loss of genetic diversity are essential for…2 July, 2022 by Hamish Pritchard
The Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) of snowfall is important but difficult to measure. While numerous techniques have been developed, measurements are still too sparse, too poorly distributed, too infrequent, too…1 July, 2022
Under the climate change context, warming Southern Ocean waters may allow mercury (Hg) to become more bioavailable to the Antarctic marine food web (i.e., ice-stored Hg release and higher methylation…Read more on Mercury biomagnification in an Antarctic food web of the Antarctic Peninsula
1 July, 2022 by Rachel Cavanagh
Increasing fishing pressure has negatively impacted elasmobranch populations globally. Despite high levels of historical and current fishing pressure, the Bay of Bengal region remains data-poor. Focusing on Bangladesh, we conducted…1 July, 2022 by Natasha Lucas
Understanding the temporal and spatial characteristics of turbulent coherent structures is of interest to the emergent sector of marine renewable energy for power generation from tidal stream turbines as loading…Read more on Turbulence and coherent structure characterisation in a tidally energetic channel
1 July, 2022 by Cecilia Liszka, Martin Collins, Philip Hollyman, Philip Trathan
The South Sandwich Islands are an isolated, oceanic, volcanically formed archipelago in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. The complex bathymetry, coupled with the location in the marginal sea-ice…Read more on South Sandwich Islands – An understudied isolated Southern Ocean archipelago: Editorial
1 July, 2022 by Joanne Johnson
The rapidly retreating Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers together dominate present-day ice loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and are implicated in runaway deglaciation scenarios. Knowledge of whether these…Read more on Relative sea-level data preclude major late Holocene ice-mass change in Pine Island Bay
1 July, 2022 by Lara Perez Miguel, Victoria Peck
Ice loss in the Southern Hemisphere has been greatest over the past 30 years in West Antarctica. The high sensitivity of this region to climate change has motivated geologists to…1 July, 2022 by Fabian Haumann
The Southern Ocean modulates the climate system by exchanging heat and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and deep ocean. While this region plays an outsized role in the global…Read more on Indo‐Pacific sector dominates Southern Ocean carbon outgassing
1 July, 2022 by Gareth Chisham
This paper presents updated methods for locating the Poleward and Equatorward Auroral Luminosity Boundaries (PALB and EALB) directly from IMAGE Far UltraViolet (FUV) images of the Northern Hemisphere auroral oval.…Read more on Ionospheric boundaries derived from auroral images
1 July, 2022 by Jaume Forcada
Despite the ecological importance of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) as apex marine predators, little is known about their reproductive biology. To address this paucity, we reviewed leopard seal birth and…1 July, 2022 by Rob Shore
Space weather represents a severe threat to ground-based infrastructure, satellites and communications. Accurately forecasting when such threats are likely (e.g. when we may see large induced currents) will help to…Read more on On the considerations of using near real time data for space weather hazard forecasting
1 July, 2022 by Martin Collins, Mark Belchier, Philip Hollyman
The South Sandwich Islands (SSI), a chain of volcanic islands in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, are home to two large notothenoid species: the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides…
30 June, 2022 by Susie Grant, Simeon Hill
30 June, 2022 by Richard Phillips
Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are among the world´s regions that have been most impacted by climate change. This chapter provides an overview of the latest scientific evidence of climate…Read more on Antarctic seabirds as indicators of climate change
30 June, 2022 by Geraint Tarling, Jennifer Freer
Copepods dominate zooplankton biomass of the upper ocean, especially in the highly seasonal boreal and polar regions, for which specific life-cycle traits such as the accumulation of lipid reserves, migration…30 June, 2022 by Richard Phillips
Even in areas as remote as the Southern Ocean, marine organisms are exposed to contaminants that arrive through long-range atmospheric transport, such as mercury (Hg), a highly toxic metal. In…28 June, 2022 by Caroline Holmes, John Turner, Liz Thomas, Thomas Caton Harrison, Tony Phillips, Tylei Reeves-Francois
On 25 February 2022 Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) dropped to a satellite-era record low level of 1.92 × 106 km2, 0.92 × 106 km2 below the long-term mean. The…Read more on Record low Antarctic sea ice cover in February 2022
28 June, 2022 by Anna Belcher, Geraint Tarling, Gabriele Stowasser, Jennifer Freer, Laura Gerrish
The boreal copepod Calanus finmarchicus sequesters substantial amounts of carbon (C) in the deep layers of the North Atlantic Ocean through their contribution to the “lipid pump.” This pump is…28 June, 2022
Sea ice is composed of discrete units called floes. Observations show that these floes can adopt a range of sizes spanning orders of magnitude, from metres to tens of kilometres.…21 June, 2022 by Alex Brisbourne, Andy Smith, Carlos Martin Garcia
We use polarimetric radar sounding to investigate ice crystal orientation fabric, and its impact on ice viscosity, within the near-surface of Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica. The technique retrieves lateral…21 June, 2022 by Dennis Mayk, Lloyd Peck
Phenotypic plasticity represents an important first-line organism response to newly introduced or changing environmental constraints. Knowledge about structural responses to environmental stressors could thus be an essential measure to predict…Read more on Evidence for carbonate system mediated shape shift in an intertidal predatory gastropod
21 June, 2022 by Andrew Kavanagh
NASA’s Endurance sounding rocket (yard No. 47.001) will launch from Ny Ålesund, Svalbard in May 2022 on a solid fueled Oriole III-A launch vehicle. Its ∼19 minute flight will carry…Read more on The Endurance Rocket Mission: Gauging Earth’s Ambipolar Electric Potential
18 June, 2022 by Robert Arthern
Swath radar technology enables three-dimensional mapping of modern glacier beds over large areas at resolutions that are higher than those typically used in ice-flow models. These data may enable new…Read more on The Impact of Basal Roughness on Inland Thwaites Glacier Sliding
17 June, 2022 by Amelie Kirchgaessner, Markus Frey
Data from the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition allowed us to investigate the temporal dynamics of snowfall, snow accumulation and erosion in great detail…Read more on Snowfall and snow accumulation during the MOSAiC winter and spring seasons
17 June, 2022 by Andrew Kavanagh, Emma Woodfield
We have investigated the difference between two standard techniques for deriving the ionospheric ion velocity using data taken with the EISCAT incoherent scatter radar between 1987 and 2007. For large-scale…17 June, 2022 by Cecilia Liszka, Clara Manno, Eugene Murphy, Geraint Tarling, Nadine Johnston, Peter Ward, Sally Thorpe, Simeon Hill
In the Southern Ocean, several zooplankton taxonomic groups, euphausiids, copepods, salps and pteropods, are notable because of their biomass and abundance and their roles in maintaining food webs and ecosystem…Read more on Status, change, and futures of zooplankton in the Southern Ocean
16 June, 2022 by Oliver Marsh
The calving of Antarctic ice shelves remains unpredictable to date due to a lack of understanding of the role of the different climatic components in such events. In this study,…Read more on Atmospheric triggers of the Brunt Ice Shelf calving in February 2021
16 June, 2022 by Thomas Bracegirdle
The strong multi-decadal variability in North Atlantic (NA) winter atmospheric circulation is poorly understood and appears too weak in climate models. Recent research has shown peak atmospheric multi-decadal variability over…16 June, 2022 by Geraint Tarling
Lipid-storing copepods are fundamental to the functioning of marine ecosystems, transferring energy from primary producers to higher trophic levels and sequestering atmospheric carbon (C) in the deep ocean. Quantifying trophic…Read more on Biomass Turnover Rates in Metabolically Active and Inactive Marine Calanoid Copepods
15 June, 2022 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Neodymium (Nd) isotopes have been utilized as a tracer of water mass source in the modern ocean and in palaeoceanographic studies, though the oceanic cycling of Nd is not yet…Read more on Boundary processes and neodymium cycling along the Pacific margin of West Antarctica
15 June, 2022 by Thomas Bracegirdle
Antarctic sea ice is projected to decrease in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Limited studies so far have examined the coupled atmosphere-ocean response to Antarctic sea-ice loss. Here, we…Read more on The coupled atmosphere-ocean response to Antarctic sea-ice loss
15 June, 2022 by Katrin Linse
The Ægir Ridge System (ARS) is an ancient extinct spreading axis in the Nordic seas extending from the upper slope east of Iceland (∼550 m depth), as part of its…14 June, 2022 by Michael Meredith
Dense water production in the seas around Antarctica is a key process for century-scale carbon storage, slowing global warming. Results from an advanced new model reveal the prospect of system…14 June, 2022 by Huw Griffiths
This dataset contains information on specimens of Southern Ocean Pycnogonida (Arthropoda), that were collected from ten different research cruises, spanning 13 years. The individual aims and objectives of each cruise…10 June, 2022 by James France
Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas with a warming potential 84 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 20-year period. Atmospheric CH4 concentrations have been rising since the…Read more on Large Methane Emission Fluxes Observed from Tropical Wetlands in Zambia
10 June, 2022 by David Barnes
Ecosystem-based conservation that includes carbon sinks, alongside a linked carbon credit system, as part of a nature-based solution to combating climate change, could help reduce greenhouse gas levels and therefore…10 June, 2022 by Michael Meredith
The characteristics of the CISE-LOCEAN seawater isotope dataset (δ18O, δ2H, referred to as δD) are presented (https://doi.org/10.17882/71186; Waterisotopes-CISE-LOCEAN, 2021). This dataset covers the time period from 1998 to 2021 and…Read more on The CISE-LOCEAN seawater isotopic database (1998–2021)
7 June, 2022 by Alexander Tate, Alice Fremand, Hamish Pritchard, Kelly Hogan, Peter Fretwell, Robert Larter
The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica is a region that is key to a range of climatic and oceanographic processes with worldwide effects, and is characterised by high biological productivity and…Read more on The International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2
6 June, 2022 by Philip Trathan, Victoria Warwick-Evans
Ecosystem dynamics at the northwest Antarctic Peninsula are driven by interactions between physical and biological processes. For example, baleen whale populations are recovering from commercial harvesting against the backdrop of…2 June, 2022 by Keith Nicholls
A ray-based 2D modelling approach is proposed to reduce computation times involved in the forward-modelling of deramped frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar signals for subglacial ice features. The model generation…1 June, 2022 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Robert Larter
Interplay of deep-water sedimentary processes is responsible for building a myriad of features and deposits across mixed turbidite–contourite systems, from 200 km long sedimentary drifts. Investigations of the spatial and…1 June, 2022 by Fausto Ferraccioli
In the present study, a Bayesian gravity inversion algorithm is applied to infer a complete 3D density model of the crust in the region of the Wilkes Land. One of…1 June, 2022 by Philip Hollyman
The processes and factors which affect shell growth and repair in molluscs are poorly understood. In this study, the capabilities of shell growth and repair in the marine gastropod Buccinum…Read more on The effect of environmental factors on shell growth and repair in Buccinum undatum
1 June, 2022 by Peter Convey
The temperature experienced by micro-invertebrates in extreme environments (such as those of Antarctica) is a pivotal parameter regarding these animals' ecology and physiology. However, at present, detailed knowledge of microhabitat…1 June, 2022
Fisheries ecosystem-based management is an important tool for sustainable harvesting of fisheries worldwide. Knowledge of trophic interactions is crucial since changes in trophic balances can induce severe changes in the…1 June, 2022 by Peter Convey
Understanding the success factors underlying each step in the process of biological invasion provides a robust foundation upon which to develop appropriate biosecurity measures. Insights into the processes occurring can…1 June, 2022 by Peter Convey
We set out to document the diversity and distribution of bryophytes in Admiralty Bay and thereby enable the identification of patterns in local diversity and their possible drivers. Combining data…1 June, 2022 by Alistair Crame
Aim: The aim was to investigate the evolutionary origins of the striking biodiversity contrast between high- and low-latitude regions in the present day. Is this a relatively recent phenomenon, causally…Read more on Origin of the tropical-polar biodiversity contrast
1 June, 2022 by Robert Mulvaney
This paper presents a physics-based macroscale model for the densification of dry snow which provides for a smooth transition between densification by grain-boundary sliding (stage 1) and densification by power-law…1 June, 2022 by Andrew Wood, Caitlin Frankish, Richard Phillips
Optimal selection of foraging habitats is key to survival, but it remains unclear how naïve individuals are able to locate patchily-distributed resources and maximize energy gain in completely new environments.…Read more on Ontogeny of movement patterns and habitat selection in juvenile albatrosses
1 June, 2022 by Chester Sands
The benthic community in the Chilean Patagonia is as rich and highly diverse as the spatial variation of its habitats and food sources. Environmental stress from glacier melt and river…1 June, 2022 by Nigel Meredith
Ground-based VLF transmitters located around the world generate signals that leak through the bottom side of the ionosphere in the form of whistler mode waves. Wave and particle measurements on…1 June, 2022 by Jamie Coleman, Martin Collins, Philip Hollyman
Light-induced bird strikes on vessels occur frequently in association with areas of high seabird density, often resulting in bird mortalities. These incidents are poorly understood and likely under-reported by vessels.…Read more on Blinded by the light – Seabird collision events in South Georgia
1 June, 2022
Atmospheric tides play a key role in coupling the lower, middle, and upper atmosphere/ionosphere. The tides reach large amplitudes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), where they can have…1 June, 2022 by Alison Cleary
Copepods of the genera Calanus and Pseudocalanus are important components of Arctic marine ecosystems. Despite the key roles of these zooplankters, little is known about the organisms they interact with…1 June, 2022 by Keith Nicholls
The design of an HF-VHF frequency modulated continuous wave radar intended for use with an autonomous rover in the polar regions is presented. The RF front-end, antenna design and deramped…Read more on Design of an HF-VHF Ice Penetrating Synthetic Aperture Radar
31 May, 2022 by Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, James Smith, Kelly Hogan, Robert Larter
Subglacial meltwater drainage can enhance localized melting along grounding zones and beneath the ice shelves of marine-terminating glaciers. Efforts to constrain the evolution of subglacial hydrology and the resulting influence…31 May, 2022 by Robert Mulvaney
We use high resolution, ground-based observations of ice displacement to investigate ice deformation across the floating left-lateral shear margin of Priestley Glacier, Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. Bare ice conditions allow…Read more on Tidal Modulation of a Lateral Shear Margin: Priestley Glacier, Antarctica
31 May, 2022 by Philip Trathan
The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources is responsible for management of the Antarctic marine ecosystem, including its living resources. The Commission has yet to implement precautionary…28 May, 2022 by Caroline Holmes, Paul Holland, Thomas Bracegirdle
There is low confidence in projections of Antarctic sea ice area (SIA), due to deficiencies in climate model sea ice processes. Ensemble regression techniques can help to reduce this uncertainty.…