Showing 9266 items
1 February, 1997
Magnetic profiles obtained during the Hesant 92/93 cruise with the R/V Hesperides show large amplitude anomalies (up to 1000 nT) along a 100 km wide band in the northern margin…1 January, 1997 by Paul Rodhouse
Samples of the Antarctic octopus Pareledone turqueti were taken from three locations on the Scotia Ridge in the Southern Ocean. The genetic homogeneity of these populations was investigated using isozyme…1 January, 1997
Southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina provide a unique opportunity for examination of parental investment because postpartum pup growth is fueled exclusively by energy from stored reserves in fasting mothers, and…Read more on Factors affecting maternal expenditure in southern elephant seals during lactation
1 January, 1997
The timing, location and duration of territorial tenure, and the mating success and return rates of male Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) were measured over four consecutive breeding seasons (1984–87)…1 January, 1997 by Peter Ward
All suitable data from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean were compiled to elucidate regional differences in the abundance and life cycle of Calanoides acutus. Data from 205 stations…1 January, 1997
Feeding by juvenile Antarctic krill Euphausia superba near South Georgia was assessed during the austral summer of 1995/1996. Gut fluorescence results were compared with those from incubations in natural seawater…1 January, 1997 by Peter Kirsch
In the frame of the Second European Stratospheric Arctic and Midlatitude Experiment an intensive program of spectral measurements of global solar UV radiation was organized at several European sites, extending…1 January, 1997
Goose Bay HF-radar data have been used to determine the dayside reconnection electric field which transports energy from the solar wind into the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. The speed of…1 January, 1997 by Andrew Clarke
The feeding energetics of the Antarctic spiny plunderfish (Harpagifer antarcticus) were examined with respect to the effect of both ration size and animal size. Fish of different sizes were fed…1 January, 1997
Seasonally breeding predators, which are limited in the time available for provisioning young at a central location, and by the fasting abilities of the young, are likely to maximize energy…1 January, 1997
Recent measurements of remarkable dive performances in oceanic seabirds and marine mammals suggest the use of a range of physiological and behavioural adaptations for the parsimonious use of oxygen. Access…Read more on The behavioural and physiological ecology of diving
1 January, 1997 by Jonathan Watkins
Interannual variability within the pelagic marine environment around South Georgia is a well-recognised phenomenon. A key aspect of this variability is interannual fluctuation in the abundance of Antarctic krill Euphausia…Read more on Interannual variability in krill abundance at South Georgia
1 January, 1997
We present two time series of bottom current and temperature collected 8 m above the seabed on either side of a large sediment drift located on the continental rise of…1 January, 1997
The presence of Ashicaulis livingstonensis sp. nov. in the Upper Cretaceous Williams Point Beds of Livingston Island, Antarctica, represents an important new record of the Osmundaceae in the southern high…1 January, 1997
Hepatophytes form an important component of the Lower Cretaceous (late Albian) flora of Alexander Island, Antarctica. The liverworts Marchantites rosulatus sp. nov., Thallites bicostatus sp. nov., and Thallites sp. colonized…1 January, 1997
Subionospheric very low frequency and low-frequency (VLF/LF) transmitter signals received at middle-latitude ground stations at nighttime were found to exhibit pulsating behavior with periods that were typically in the ∼5–60…1 January, 1997
A general study of the streams of Signy Island, South Orkney Islands, was undertaken to identify the effects of catchment, distance from source, and time on concentrations of dissolved ions.…Read more on Chemistry of streams of Signy Island, maritime Antarctic: sources of major ions
1 January, 1997
Oxygen uptake of Paractora dreuxi (apterous) from Marion Island, which lies to the north of the Antarctic Polar Front, was compared to that of P. trichosterna (macropterous) and Antrops truncipennis…1 January, 1997 by William Block
South Georgia has many introduced plant and animal species, a consequence of its long history of human habitation. Introduced reindeer have a strong effect on the vegetation of the Stromness…1 January, 1997
The emplacement mechanism, geometry, and isotope geochemistry of plutons of the Wiley Glacier complex suggest that new continental crust grew by multiple injection of tonalitic dykes during dextral transtension in…1 January, 1997 by Alistair Crame
Abstract: Our knowledge of the nature, generation and maintenance of largescale biodiversity patterns is still far from complete. This is particularly so in the Southern Hemisphere and in the marine…Read more on An evolutionary framework for the polar regions
1 January, 1997 by Geraint Tarling
A rapid and simple method for the isolation of fatty acid methyl esters and fatty alcohols from the lipid fraction of marine zooplankton is described. Wax esters are the dominant…1 January, 1997
Concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were measured in the neonatal dentine of 11 crabeater and 11 Weddell seal postcanine teeth with an energy-dispersive x-ray analyser. The extent of variation in…1 January, 1997
A principal tenet of cold region weathering studies is that of temperature. Unfortunately, despite the appearance to the contrary, actual data are still sadly lacking in many instances. Here data…1 January, 1997
Seeds of six endemic species and two circumpolar species were collected from several sites on Kerguelen and tested for germination between 5 and 25°C on thermogradient bars. Pringlea antiscorbutica and…Read more on Seed germination of endemic species from Kerguelen phytogeographic zone
1 January, 1997 by Keith Makinson, Keith Nicholls
Oceanographic data have been obtained via an access hole made through Ronne Ice Shelf. The site, which is the third in a series of similar studies, lies 17 km west…Read more on New oceanographic data from beneath Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
1 January, 1997
The diet of the diving petrels Pelecanoides georgicus and P. urinatrix was studied during 1986 (P. georgicus) and 1987 (both species) by lavaging adults as they returned to feed chicks…1 January, 1997 by Howard Roscoe
During a 2-week intercomparison of ground-based zenith sky visible spectrometers in September 1994 at Camborne, United Kingdom (50°N, 5°W), ozone profiles were measured by electrochemical cell (ECC) sondes during 11…1 January, 1997 by Jonathan Shanklin
Two meetings on the subject of Antarctic astronomy were held in Cambridge in early August 1996, in association with the XXIV meeting of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. This…Read more on Astronomy on ice: a report on astronomy in Antarctica
1 January, 1997 by Andy Smith
A seismic reflection profile, perpendicular to the ice flow direction has been acquired on Rutford Ice Stream, Antarctica. An interpretation of both the amplitude and phase of the seismic reflections…Read more on Basal conditions on Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica, from seismic observations
1 January, 1997 by Andy Smith
Seismic reflection data from two lines on Rutford Ice Stream are presented and are compared with data already published from a third line on the ice stream. The amplitude and…Read more on Variations in basal conditions on Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica
1 January, 1997 by Richard Horne
We demonstrate that the observed enhancement in the fractional composition equation image of ring current O+ ions during magnetic storms can have a strong controlling effect on the excitation of…1 January, 1997 by Howard Roscoe
An intercomparison of zenith-sky UV-visible spectrometers was held at Camborne, UK, for 2 weeks in September 1994. Eleven instruments participated, from nine different European institutes which were involved with the…Read more on An intercomparison of ground-based UV-visible sensors of ozone and NO2
1 January, 1997
Two congeneric albatrosses, Black-browed Diomedea melanophris and Grey-headed Albatrosses D. chrysostoma that nest at South Georgia have diets that differ mainly with respect to the amount of Antarctic Krill Euphausia…1 January, 1997
The Antarctic marine environment has relatively few direct sources of man-made marine debris; however, there is concern over the dangers posed to wildlife by increasing amounts of such debris. Between…Read more on Marine debris surveys at Bird Island, South Georgia 1990–1995
1 January, 1997 by Richard Horne
The wide variety of geophysical plasmas that will be investigated by the Cluster mission contain waves with a frequency range from DC to over 100 kHz with both magnetic and…Read more on The Digital Wave-Processing Experiment on Cluster
1 January, 1997
Two limpet species occur intertidally on subantarctic South Georgia, the patellid Nacella concinna and the siphonarlid Kerguelenella lateralis. N. concinna is confined to the lower shore close to LWS; K.…1 January, 1997
Belemnites are nektopelagic cephalopods which developed a widespread pattern of distribution in the Jurassic, and most authors have accepted that their centre of origin was Europe. Available data suggest that…1 January, 1997
Two new palynomorph taxa are described, and several existing taxa are discussed from the Upper Jurassic‐Lower Cretaceous Byers Group of Livingston and Snow islands, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula. Oligosphaeridium…1 January, 1997 by William Block
Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), as well as total glutathione (tGSH) concentration were analyzed in the hemolymph and fat body…1 January, 1997 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Small scale field and laboratory observations of sub-glacial sediment deformation suggest that failure is the predominant method of sediment deformation, while large scale modelling studies using a viscous model of…Read more on Deforming beds: Viscous and plastic scales of deformation
1 January, 1997 by Richard Hindmarsh, Richard Hindmarsh
Linearizations about two horizontal-dimensional ice sheets are proposed as methods of generating normal mode initializations for ice-sheet models and for computing the short-term response. Linearized models can be generated directly…Read more on Use of ice-sheet normal modes for initialization and modelling small changes
1 January, 1997
Fatty acid signature analysis is based on the principle that unique arrays of fatty acids within groups of organisms can be transferred, largely unaltered, up the marine food chain and…1 January, 1997 by Adrian Jenkins, David Vaughan
Satellite imagery indicates that the floating terminus of Pine Island Glacier has changed little in extent over the past two decades. Data on the velocity and thickness of the glacier…1 January, 1997 by John King
Surface radiation measurements and other climatological data were used to validate the representation of the surface energy balance over the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in the U.K. Meteorological Office Unified…1 January, 1997 by John Turner, Thomas Lachlan-Cope
Many algorithms have been developed to retrieve precipitation and cloud liquid water from passive microwave measurement at mid-latitudes and in the tropics, but these algorithms do not necessarily work well…Read more on Passive microwave retrievals of precipitation over the Southern Ocean
1 January, 1997
Chemical alteration of rock in the Antarctic is considered to be less dominant than physical weathering processes. The research presented in this discussion represents investigations to determine the extent of…1 January, 1997
After weaning, southern elephant seal pups (Mirounga leonina) fast for 3 – 8 weeks, for largely unknown reasons. During the postweaning fast we observed daytime behaviour and movements of pups…1 January, 1997 by Eugene Murphy, Philip Trathan
Analyses of the distribution of krill fishing based on fine-scale (0.5o latitude x 1o longitude) data show that harvesting in the Scotia Sea has been mainly in shelf and shelf-break…1 January, 1997
From 1991 to 1996 we investigated how the breeding cycle of King Penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus, in a small colony at South Georgia, was affected by variation in food availability between…Read more on Changes in king penguin breeding cycle in response to food availability
1 January, 1997
The 1.5 Ma evolution of the Late Pliocene (5.7 to 4.2 Ma) Mt Sidley volcano, Marie Byrd Land, is examined using major and trace elements, Sr, Nd, O and Pb…1 January, 1997
The diet of the Antarctic Prion Pachyptila desolata was examined using food samples regurgitated by adult birds during five breeding seasons at Bird Island, South Georgia. In all years the…1 January, 1997 by Paul Rodhouse
In anticipation of the development of a new fishery for the ommastrephid squid Martialia hyadesi in the Scotia Sea, this paper presents a revision of annual consumption of the species…1 January, 1997 by Andrew Tait, Howard Roscoe
A novel automated ground-based star-pointing spectrometer system has been constructed for long-term deployment in Antarctica. Similar to our earlier stellar system, a two-dimensional detector array measures the spectra of the…1 January, 1997
The collision of India and Asia can be defined as a process that started with the closing of the Tethyan ocean that, during Mesozoic and early Tertiary times, separated the…1 January, 1997
Despite over thirty years of plate tectonic theory, the reasons why supercontinents like Gondwana disintegrate into smaller continents and disperse remain enigmatic. Current ideas mostly involve changes in plate-boundary driving…Read more on An active mantle mechanism for Gondwana breakup
1 January, 1997
We studied energy-provisioning rates and energy requirements of nestlings, as well as energy-expenditure rates of adults in Antarctic prions (Pachyptila desolata) on sub-Antarctic Bird Island, South Georgia. Special emphasis was…Read more on Stomach oil and reproductive energetics in Antarctic prions,Pachyptila desolata
1 January, 1997 by Lloyd Peck
A low-temperature marineaquarium has been maintained at the British Antarctic Survey(BAS) headquarters in Cambridge for over 15 years. In 1988 acompletely new aquarium system was designed and construct ed toprovide…Read more on The coldwater marine aquarium at the British Antarctic Survey
1 January, 1997
Early Cretaceous gabbro, quartz-diorite-granodiorite, and tonalite-granodiorite plutons of the Wiley Glacier complex, in the Antarctic Peninsula magmatic arc, were emplaced in a zone of syn-magmatic extensional shearing. The oldest component…1 January, 1997 by William Block
Differential scanning calorimetry was used to characterize thermal events associated with freezing and melting of suspensions and extracts of Panagrolaimus davidi, an Antarctic nematode which can survive intracellular freezing. Nematode…1 January, 1997
The third review of the status and trends of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seabird populations compiled by the Bird Biology Subcommittee of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research at the request…Read more on The status and trends of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic seabirds
1 January, 1997 by Roger Worland
The New Zealand alpine cockroach Celatoblatta quinquemaculata (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) survives temperatures up to 5°c below its supercooling point (scp) of -5.4°C in summer-acclimated samples. This high Scp suggests that C.…1 January, 1997
Notothenioid fish of 3 species - 23 immature Notothenia coriiceps, 4 Gobionotothen gibberifrons and 11 Chaenocephalus aceratus, from the coastal zone at the South Orkney Islands were examined to determine…Read more on Digenean, monogenean and cestode infection of inshore fish at the South Orkney Islands
1 December, 1996 by Peter Ward
A shelf site near the island of South Georgia was sampled during a spring bloom in January 1994. Chlorophyll a (chl a) values declined from 19 to 6 mg m-3…Read more on Zooplankton response to a phytoplankton bloom near South Georgia, Antarctica
1 December, 1996 by Jonathan Watkins
In a 14-d period 38 swarms of Antarctic krill,Euphausia superba Dana, were sampled in an area 55.5 x 55.5 km to the southwest of Elephant Island, at the north of…1 December, 1996
In the interior of the Antarctic ice sheet the surface temperature inversion averages over 25°C in the winter months. The negative buoyancy of the near-surface air drives the katabatic windflow,…1 December, 1996
Cape Dubouzet is mainly composed of a volcanic-subvolcanic complex of extrusive rhyolitic breccias, a banded rhyolite and a semi-annular body of dacite porphyry rich in xenoliths of metamorphic rocks. Major…1 December, 1996
During the conjunctive SUNDIAL/ATLAS 1/GEM campaign period of March 28–29, 1992, a set of comprehensive data has been collected both from space and from ground. The assimilative mapping of ionospheric…1 December, 1996
In the Antarctic botanical zone the genus Ditrichum Hampe (Ditrichaceae, Bryopsida) is represented by three species, D. austro-georgicum (Card.) Seppelt, D. brotherusii (R. Br. ter.) Seppelt and D. lewis-smithii Ochyra…Read more on Ditrichum lewis-smithii (Ditrichaceae, Bryopsida), a new species from Antarctica
1 December, 1996
Imported anthropogenic bacteria may survive the Antarctic winter and introduce new genes into local bacterial communitiesRead more on Salmonella enteritidis in Antarctica: zoonosis in man or humanosis in penguins?
1 December, 1996 by Eugene Murphy
The dense phytoplankton blooms observed in earlier studies in the Southern Ocean Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) may not be representative of all regions, so that some previous assessments of the…1 November, 1996
South Georgia, an extremely isolated island within the Antarctic Convergence, was covered by an extensive icecap until ~10,000 years ago. In consequence the depauperate intertidal fauna is of recent origin…1 November, 1996
Freshwater lakes occur through much of Antarctica and are characterized by short food chains dominated by microbes. Comparatively few studies have been made of continental freshwater lakes until recently, with…Read more on Microbial diversity and function in Antarctic freshwater ecosystems
1 November, 1996
It has been known for some time that yolk deposition and final ovarian maturation were prolonged processes for many Antarctic fish. The adolescent phase in three species of channichthyid has…1 November, 1996
Zooplankton grazing impact on algae, heterotrophic flagellates and bacteria, as well as invertebrate predation on herbivorous zooplankton, were investigated in two sub-Antarctic lakes with extremely simple food chains. The two…Read more on Quantification of invertebrate predation and herbivory in food chains of low complexity